Papers by Maria Jose Ferraces
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016
The international assessment studies of key competences, such as the PISA report of the OECD, hav... more The international assessment studies of key competences, such as the PISA report of the OECD, have revealed that the academic performance of Spanish students is significantly below the OECD average. In addition, it has also been confirmed that the results of immigrant students are consistently lower than those of their native counterparts. Given the context, the first objective of this work is to observe the variables (support, control, school satisfaction, and learning environment) which distinguish between retained and non-retained native and immigrant students. The second objective is to check, by comparing the retained and non-retained native and immigrant students and separating the two levels, in order to find out which of the selected variables clearly differentiate the two groups. A sample of 1359 students was used (79.8% native students and 20.2% immigrant students of Latin American origin), who were enrolled in the 5th and 6th year of Primary Education (aged 10-11 years) and in the 1st and 2nd year of Secondary Education (aged 12-13 years). The measurement scales, which undergo a psychometric analysis in the current work, have been developed in a previous research study (Lorenzo et al., 2009). The construct validity and reliability are reported (obtaining alpha indices between 0.705 and 0.787). Subsequently, and depending on the results of this analysis, inferential analyses are performed, using as independent variables the ethno-cultural origin and being retained or not, whereas, as dependent variables, the indices referring to students' perception of family support and control, as well as the assessment of the school and learning environment. Among other results, the Group × Being retained/Not being retained [F (1 1315) = 4.67, p < , 0.01] interaction should be pointed out, indicating that native non-retained subjects perceive more control than immigrants, as well as the Group × Being retained/Not being retained [F (1, 1200) = 5.49, p < 0.01] interaction, showing that native non-retained students perceive more family support. Given the results obtained, our intention is to provide solid evidence that would facilitate the design of family involvement programs, helping to improve students' educational performance.
This experiment explore the effect of the scenario's availability, instruction (true/false vs... more This experiment explore the effect of the scenario's availability, instruction (true/false vs. violation) and presentation order on performance in different versions of the Wason's selection task. Each subject was given three problems corresponding to the three different rules's content (abstract version, thematic-lsw and thematic-norm). The main analysses are presented in terms of matching and logical indices (Pollard & Evans, 1987). The matching and logical indices are influenced by content's rule. The performance on the two thematic conditions are influenced by the instructions, but the correct selection is not influenced in the formal version. These results are not consistent with the syntactic theories of the human reasoning and are discussed in terms of the pragmatic and semantic human reasoning theories.
This experiment explore the role of pragmatic knowledge in conditional reasoning. Conditional rea... more This experiment explore the role of pragmatic knowledge in conditional reasoning. Conditional reasoning problems were presented in the context of narrative texts about scenarios of daily life, withe the same procedure used in previous experiments about syllogistic reasoning (VALIÑA Y DE VEGA, 1988). Significant differences were registered in the type of conditional rule. Similarly interactive effects were registered between (a) probability of empirical ocurrence and the type of condictional rule and (b) the congruence of the text and the type of logical rule. The results are discussed in the framework of the Mental Models Theory and the Evans' revision.
The study forms part of a wider projet aimed at investigating relationship between cognitive skil... more The study forms part of a wider projet aimed at investigating relationship between cognitive skills and performance on experimental reasoning (Stanovich, 1999; Stanovich & West 1998). This study aims to replicate and expand our previous studies of individual differences, both in conditional reasoning (Seoane, Valiña, Ferraces & Martín 1997; Valiña, Seoane, Ferraces & Martín,1993, 1995, 2000) and disjunctive reasoning (Martín, Seoane, Valiña & Ferraces, 1998; Martín & Valiña, 2002, 2003). Specifically, this study centred on individual differences in a reasoning THOG: The THOG problem (Wason, 1977; Wason & Brooks, 1979). This one of the tasks conceived by Peter Wason to "explore the nature of thought" (Evans & Johnson-Laird, 2003, p. 178). Concretely, the aims of this study were: (1) To investigate the relationships between the subjects' performance on various computerized tests of cognitive abilities and the subject's reasoning with the THOG problem and (2) to analy...
"This book is a collection of the papers presented at the Symposium on Mental Models in Reas... more "This book is a collection of the papers presented at the Symposium on Mental Models in Reasoning, which took place in Madrid in November of 1998. This occasion enabled the Spanish experts in reasoning to meet with some of their European colleagues with the common aim to celebrate the award by the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) of an honoris causa doctorate degree to Phil Johnson-Laird " (García Madruga, Carriedo y González Labra 2000, p. 11). "The third part of the book is dedicated to the important domain of propositional and conditional reasoning....The next three chapters deal with the Wason's famous selection task .....María Dolores Valiña, Gloria Seoane, Mª José Ferraces and Montserrat Martín (chapter 17) examine individual differences measured by means of psychometric tests and the influence of instructions and problem content on performance. They analyse their results in terms of the mental model theory and Evans' dual process the...
Psicothema, 2007
Recent investigations show that people's differential performance when solving reasoning task... more Recent investigations show that people's differential performance when solving reasoning tasks is due to differences not only at computational level, but also at the rational or intentional level. This study is within the framework of this context and it specifically analyses individual differences in hypothetic-deductive reasoning, taking into account the characteristics associated with the task itself (content and instructions) as well as the individuals' differential characteristics. Two hundred and seventy-six students from the University of Santiago de Compostela participated in this study. Several psychometric tests were administered and participants were requested to solve various reasoning tasks. The results obtained confirm that, in effect, the differences between competent and non-competent reasoners are observed at both the above-mentioned levels: cognitive skills and abilities (algorithmic level) and cognitive flexibility (intentional level).
Clínica y Salud, 2015
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la sintomatología depresiva, las habilidades de solución de p... more El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la sintomatología depresiva, las habilidades de solución de problemas y su papel en el cambio terapéutico en una intervención de prevención indicada de la depresión para cuidadoras no profesionales. Se realizó un ensayo aleatorizado controlado. Las participantes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención de solución de problemas (n = 89) o a un grupo control de atención habitual (n = 84). En el grupo de intervención las habilidades de solución de problemas postratamiento mejoraron significativamente con respecto al pretratamiento, t(88) =-10.44, p < .001. Hubo una asociación significativa en el postratamiento entre la sintomatología depresiva y la orientación positiva (r =-.22, p = .043) y negativa (r = .21, p = .045) a los problemas y la generación de soluciones alternativas (r =-.22, p = .040). Los cambios en solución de problemas total y funcional moderaron la disminución en sintomatología depresiva postratamiento.
Anales de Psicología, 2013
Título: Validez de constructo de la versión española del ABQ a través de aproximación multi-rasgo... more Título: Validez de constructo de la versión española del ABQ a través de aproximación multi-rasgo/multi-método Resumen: El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la validez de constructo de la versión española del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) utilizando la aproximación multi-rasgo/multi-método (MTMM). El ABQ fue administrado a una muestra de 302 deportistas españoles, junto con dos otros cuestionarios, el Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) y la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21), que miden respectivamente burnout en el contexto organizacional e indicadores de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. El análisis multi-rasgo/multi-método se hizo desde la perspectiva de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados obtenidos por medio de la comparación entre cuatro modelos revelaron que la versión española del ABQ tiene validez convergente y discriminante interna como lo evidencian las altas correlaciones observadas entre las dimensiones semejantes del burnout medidas por los dos cuestionarios de burnout y las bajas correlaciones observadas entre dimensiones no equivalentes. Además, se ha podido concluir que las medidas de burnout también disponen de validez discriminante externa dado que las correlaciones entre las dimensiones del burnout fueron más altas que las obtenidas entre los constructos únicos conceptualmente relacionados.
Psicologia-Reflexao E Critica, 2012
In the present study, the influence of the cognitive style called field dependence-independence o... more In the present study, the influence of the cognitive style called field dependence-independence on academic achievement of Brazilian university students was explored as well as the mediating effect of learning strategies on that influence. Learning strategies of 313 first-year university students (189 women and 124 men; M age = 20.86, SD = 3.86) from different fields, with upper, medium and lower scores on field dependence-independence were assessed on a self-report questionnaire and their overall academic marks in the first year were registered. Results of a regression analysis showed that cognitive style and learning strategies significantly contributed to academic achievement. A path analysis revealed that planning strategies mediated the influence of cognitive style on achievement.
The Spanish journal of psychology, 1999
The importance of pragmatic aspects in conditional reasoning was assessed in the performance of 5... more The importance of pragmatic aspects in conditional reasoning was assessed in the performance of 54 subjects (26 female and 28 male; mean age 17.6 years) on 48 conditional inference problems, using a 3 × 2 × 4 design, with repeated measurements. The independent variables were probability of empirical frequency in the real world, type of conditional rule, and scenario availability. Number of correct responses and subjects' certainty about the correctness of their responses were the dependent variables. The results showed: a) the scenario availability is not sufficient in itself to explain differences in performance, but it does affect the subjects' degree of confidence in their conclusions; b) there is an interaction between probability of empirical frequency in the real world and type of conditional rule on correct performance. The results were contrasted with the predictions made by the mental models theory and its revised version proposed by Evans (1993). These findings sup...
Estudios de Psicología, 1998
... o ambos?1 Mª DOLORES VALIÑA, GLORIA SEOANE, Mª JOSÉ FERRACES Y MONTSERRAT MARTÍN Universidad ... more ... o ambos?1 Mª DOLORES VALIÑA, GLORIA SEOANE, Mª JOSÉ FERRACES Y MONTSERRAT MARTÍN Universidad de Santiago de Compostela ... Los principales análisis se presentan en términos del índice lógico y de emparejamiento (Pollard y Evans, 1987). ...
International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2006
One of the factors responsible for the appearance of reading problems seems to be a difficulty in... more One of the factors responsible for the appearance of reading problems seems to be a difficulty in discriminating auditory stimuli presented in rapid succession, known as the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;temporal processing hypothesis&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;. In this study automatic discrimination processes were evaluated in 31 children with reading difficulties and 24 control children between 4 and 8 years of age, using a passive oddball paradigm, in which syllables (/ba/ and /da/) and complex tones were presented. Analysis of the MMN component revealed significant differences between the groups only in the task involving linguistic stimuli, detecting longer latency of the component in the experimental group. The LDN component showed lower amplitudes and delayed latencies in the experimental group during the processing of both types of stimuli. These differences, however, were more marked in the task involving syllables, where a higher mean amplitude was observed in the experimental group than in the control group in the right hemisphere. The task involving complex tones also revealed differences between the groups at the frontal electrodes, indicating different maturative courses of the potential. The findings demonstrate the existence of a strongly pronounced preattentional auditory deficit during phonological processing, and also reveal important differences between the various stages of automatic information processing in children with and without reading disabilities.
The ability to solve problems involving conditional relationships (vg. "if p... then g"... more The ability to solve problems involving conditional relationships (vg. "if p... then g") has a central role not only in the pragmatic reasoning but also in the scientific inference. The aim of this paper is concerned with context effect about conditional human reasoning. The understanding ...
… journal of clinical …, 2009
There have been many studies on natural and technological disasters which point out the dramatic ... more There have been many studies on natural and technological disasters which point out the dramatic effects that these types of phenomena have on the psychological health of individuals and communities. Studies on the psychological consequences of the oil spill from the tanker Exxon Valdez demonstrated that the psychological impact on the population had been as significant as the environmental one. Nevertheless, these results cannot be generalised, as the characteristics of the disaster, along with the personal and social resources available to the affected population, also have to be taken into account. In this descriptive study, we shall analyse the impact of these three factors over different psychological and psychosocial measurements recorded in individuals affected by the Prestige disaster. The results show that those affected have received a good deal of social support and are satisfied with the economic aid received. These aspects, which serve to reduce the uncertainty generated in disasters, may have been crucial in alleviating the psychological impact of that event. Moreover, the inter-group analyses carried out show that those affected with high support and satisfaction scores are currently in a better situation than those affected with low scores in those variables, and even better than those not affected.
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Papers by Maria Jose Ferraces