Revista Internacional De Metodos Numericos Para Calculo Y Diseno En Ingenieria, 1998
Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contami... more Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contaminantes asociado han sido ampliameiite utilizados eii el caflpo lejano, pero pueden dar lugar a resultados poco realistas en el campo cercano o en situ&ciones eii las cuales la hidrodinámica es eseiicialmente tridimensional. Este es el caso por ejemplo de las corrientes inducidas por viento cerca de la costa o inducidas por oleaje en la zona de rompientes. Con el objetivo de resolver la ecuación de convección-difusión en tres dimensiones y simular el transporte de contaminantes eii flujos no uniformes y estratificados se ha desarrollado un inodelo numérico basado en una formulación lagratigiana del problema tridimensional. El modelo es descrito en detalle y se aplica al caso del emisario submarino de Barceloiia en el Mediterráneo español.
Abstract The quality of the water in Cullera Bay (Eastern Spanish coast) has a relevant influence... more Abstract The quality of the water in Cullera Bay (Eastern Spanish coast) has a relevant influence on the economy of the city of Cullera, which is focused mainly on agriculture, fisheries and tourism.. However, the bay waters are highly eutrophized (eg, González del Río, 1987) because of the large input of nutrients from the river Júcar and from an existing marine outfall that discharges untreated wastewater during the summer months. Cullera Bay has been chosen, within the framework of the European project ECOSUD, to establish a ...
In coastal regions, ecological quality and economic development are highly sensitive to the quali... more In coastal regions, ecological quality and economic development are highly sensitive to the quality of seawater, which often depends on the discharge of anthropogenic pollution through marine outfalls. This is the case of Cullera Bay (Spanish Mediterranean coast), where bacterial pollution problems are frequent during the tourist season due to its physical configuration, prevailing meteorological conditions, wastewater discharge from a shallow marine outfall, and the input from the Júcar River. The analysis of the data obtained during five field campaigns done in Cullera Bay between July 2002 and April 2003 to characterize the distribution of bacteria in the seawater along the coast show that, although the quality of the water is good (according to the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive on E. coli), bacteria counts can become very high at the stations closest to Cullera Cape. These concentration peaks appear to be due to the sporadic filtration through the karstic headland of untreated wastewater from ill-maintained domestic sewage systems, but also to the barrier effect exerted by the Cape upon the hydrodynamic circulation induced by S-ESE winds, as shown by numerical simulations. Further modeling suggests that the water quality in the northern part of the bay could be improved by lengthening the marine outfall, thus reducing the trapping effect induced by Cullera Cape.
MESTRES, M.; SÁNCHEZ-ARCILLA, A.; SIERRA, J.P.; MÖSSO, C.; TAGLIANI, P.; MÖLLER, O. and NIENCHESK... more MESTRES, M.; SÁNCHEZ-ARCILLA, A.; SIERRA, J.P.; MÖSSO, C.; TAGLIANI, P.; MÖLLER, O. and NIENCHESKI, L.F., 2006. Coastal bays as a sink for pollutants and sediment. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 39 (Proceedings of the 8th International Coastal Symposium), 1546 -1550 . Itajaí, SC, Brazil, ISSN 0749-0208.
Sandy beaches in fetch-limited environments are protected from large ocean-generated swell waves,... more Sandy beaches in fetch-limited environments are protected from large ocean-generated swell waves, and fetch characteristics allow local wind-generated waves and currents to develop and drive the main morphodynamic processes. The morphodynamics of these low-energy beaches present a peculiar behaviour since there is not a dominant forcing mechanism inducing the beach changes. The main objective of this work is to describe and quantify the observed morphodynamic changes at the barred, quasi longshore-uniform beach of the Trabucador Bar at the Ebro Delta (Spain) under low-energy conditions. A nine-day field campaign was carried out within the framework of the European project FANS (Fluxes Across Narrow Shelves. The Ebro Delta Case) supported by the EC MAST-III Research Programme, (Contract No. MAS3-CT95-0037, DG12 -ESCY) and the measurements included a detailed topo-bathymetric surveying at the beginning and at the end of the campaign, video recordings covering the whole domain of the study area, surf zone waves and currents time series obtained at different positions and depths, nearshore pressure and horizontal velocities time series outside the surf zone. The results show that the beach underwent important longshore and cross-shore (the breaching of the submerged bar) morphodynamic changes under low-energy conditions. The observations suggest that the low-energy wave field and the beach profile played a key role in the generation of low frequency oscillations and rip currents that reshaped the whole study zone.
Two-dimensional numerical models have been extensively used to solve the hydrodynamics and the as... more Two-dimensional numerical models have been extensively used to solve the hydrodynamics and the associated pollutant transport within the so-called far-field. Water quality modelling in the near-field, however, can not rely upon 2DH models, since these fail to reproduce the three-dimensionality of the problem; this also becomes clear in regions where the hydrodynamics is mainly 3D, such as nearshore wind-induced currents or wave-induced currents in the surf zone. A 3D Lagrangian numerical model has been developed to solve the three-dimensional convection-diffusion equation, and therefore to simulate pollutant transport in non-uniform and stratified hydrodynamic flows. The model is described in detail in this paper, and is applied to the real case of the Besos marine outfall, near Barcelona (Spain).
In this paper a harbour engineering application of an operational system to forecast circulation ... more In this paper a harbour engineering application of an operational system to forecast circulation and transport fields is presented. It deals with the functional design of a quay in the Bilbao harbour (Bay of Biscay, North-Atlantic coast of Spain). The aim is to use physical oceanography "tools" to design the optimal quay alignment according to two criteria: i) Minimize the currents in order to guarantee the vessel maneuverability and quay operability for given safety levels and ii) Maximize the water renewal capacity of the harbour inner basins (beyond the studied quay) in order to reduce the risk of water quality degradation. The methodology and the results reveal a new procedure to enhance the harbour lay-out design from an environment point of view.
Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contami... more Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contaminantes asociado han sido ampliameiite utilizados eii el caflpo lejano, pero pueden dar lugar a resultados poco realistas en el campo cercano o en situ&ciones eii las cuales la hidrodinámica es eseiicialmente tridimensional. Este es el caso por ejemplo de las corrientes inducidas por viento cerca de la costa o inducidas por oleaje en la zona de rompientes. Con el objetivo de resolver la ecuación de convección-difusión en tres dimensiones y simular el transporte de contaminantes eii flujos no uniformes y estratificados se ha desarrollado un inodelo numérico basado en una formulación lagratigiana del problema tridimensional. El modelo es descrito en detalle y se aplica al caso del emisario submarino de Barceloiia en el Mediterráneo español.
The spreading of the plume induced by the freshwater discharge from the Ebro River into northwest... more The spreading of the plume induced by the freshwater discharge from the Ebro River into northwestern Mediterranean coastal waters was modelled using two numerical codes. The coastal current field was obtained with a finite difference hydrodynamic model based on a steady-state version of the shallow-water equations, whereas the freshwater dispersion was calculated with a Lagrangian code that solves the 3D convection-diffusion equation and reproduces turbulent diffusion using a "random-walk" algorithm. The agreement obtained between numerical results, satellite observations and field measurements allows an analysis of the more relevant physical mechanisms and the corresponding "tuning" of the two models. The results show that local hydrodynamics near the river mouth, and consequently the spreading of the river plume, are highly dependent on the driving river discharge and wind field characteristics.
Abstract Water quality plays a very important role in the ecological balance and economic develop... more Abstract Water quality plays a very important role in the ecological balance and economic development of coastal and estuarine areas. However, these areas have been progressively degraded in recent decades due to different factors, including an increase in nutrient and pollutant loads introduced into the system, which may cause eutrophication problems. This paper analyzes the water quality of one such area, Cullera Bay, located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. This study focuses on the main sources and sinks of pollutant ...
Abstract This paper deals with wind-induced flows in a semi-enclosed water body in a microtidal e... more Abstract This paper deals with wind-induced flows in a semi-enclosed water body in a microtidal environment that is subject to various wind-wave and river discharge conditions. The resulting currents are analyzed using numerical models supplemented by (and calibrated with) field observations. The emphasis is on the driving efficiency of wind fields in generating steady currents as a function of wind velocity and direction. The circulation generated is analyzed for the actual case of Cullera Bay and for a theoretical case in ...
Abstract Cullera Bay is an example of a multi-source polluted coastal environment. The water qual... more Abstract Cullera Bay is an example of a multi-source polluted coastal environment. The water quality in the bay is highly affected by pressure from major agricultural and industrial activities in the river basin. Fresh water is taken from the river and later returned, loaded with pesticides and fertilizers. Partially treated wastewater from riverbank towns and industries is discharged into the lower reaches of the river. This mechanism contributes to river pollution. The dramatic increase in Cullera's population during the summer tourist season and the ...
Flow intensification episodes lasting more than 12 h are observed occasionally at different locat... more Flow intensification episodes lasting more than 12 h are observed occasionally at different locations along the Northwestern Mediterranean coast. In the last years, these pulses have hindered ship operations outside the Barcelona harbour, thus attracting the attention of the port authorities. In this paper, the strongest intensification events in the Barcelona coast area are quantified and characterized in order to identify the mechanisms which generate them. For this, current, sea level and meteorological measured and modelled data, at local and regional scale, are analysed. The results show that the flow accelerations are due to the combination of a narrow coastal shelf and the prevalence of a strong and sustained wind from the NE to SE. The synoptic atmospheric conditions that lead to this meteorological scenario are described. For one of the events, the presence and contribution to the current fluctuations of a coastal trapped wave, likely generated at the Eastern edge of the Gulf of Lions shelf, and other factors such as a freshwater discharge are also identified and discussed.
Revista Internacional De Metodos Numericos Para Calculo Y Diseno En Ingenieria, 1998
Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contami... more Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contaminantes asociado han sido ampliameiite utilizados eii el caflpo lejano, pero pueden dar lugar a resultados poco realistas en el campo cercano o en situ&ciones eii las cuales la hidrodinámica es eseiicialmente tridimensional. Este es el caso por ejemplo de las corrientes inducidas por viento cerca de la costa o inducidas por oleaje en la zona de rompientes. Con el objetivo de resolver la ecuación de convección-difusión en tres dimensiones y simular el transporte de contaminantes eii flujos no uniformes y estratificados se ha desarrollado un inodelo numérico basado en una formulación lagratigiana del problema tridimensional. El modelo es descrito en detalle y se aplica al caso del emisario submarino de Barceloiia en el Mediterráneo español.
Abstract The quality of the water in Cullera Bay (Eastern Spanish coast) has a relevant influence... more Abstract The quality of the water in Cullera Bay (Eastern Spanish coast) has a relevant influence on the economy of the city of Cullera, which is focused mainly on agriculture, fisheries and tourism.. However, the bay waters are highly eutrophized (eg, González del Río, 1987) because of the large input of nutrients from the river Júcar and from an existing marine outfall that discharges untreated wastewater during the summer months. Cullera Bay has been chosen, within the framework of the European project ECOSUD, to establish a ...
In coastal regions, ecological quality and economic development are highly sensitive to the quali... more In coastal regions, ecological quality and economic development are highly sensitive to the quality of seawater, which often depends on the discharge of anthropogenic pollution through marine outfalls. This is the case of Cullera Bay (Spanish Mediterranean coast), where bacterial pollution problems are frequent during the tourist season due to its physical configuration, prevailing meteorological conditions, wastewater discharge from a shallow marine outfall, and the input from the Júcar River. The analysis of the data obtained during five field campaigns done in Cullera Bay between July 2002 and April 2003 to characterize the distribution of bacteria in the seawater along the coast show that, although the quality of the water is good (according to the EU Bathing Water Quality Directive on E. coli), bacteria counts can become very high at the stations closest to Cullera Cape. These concentration peaks appear to be due to the sporadic filtration through the karstic headland of untreated wastewater from ill-maintained domestic sewage systems, but also to the barrier effect exerted by the Cape upon the hydrodynamic circulation induced by S-ESE winds, as shown by numerical simulations. Further modeling suggests that the water quality in the northern part of the bay could be improved by lengthening the marine outfall, thus reducing the trapping effect induced by Cullera Cape.
MESTRES, M.; SÁNCHEZ-ARCILLA, A.; SIERRA, J.P.; MÖSSO, C.; TAGLIANI, P.; MÖLLER, O. and NIENCHESK... more MESTRES, M.; SÁNCHEZ-ARCILLA, A.; SIERRA, J.P.; MÖSSO, C.; TAGLIANI, P.; MÖLLER, O. and NIENCHESKI, L.F., 2006. Coastal bays as a sink for pollutants and sediment. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 39 (Proceedings of the 8th International Coastal Symposium), 1546 -1550 . Itajaí, SC, Brazil, ISSN 0749-0208.
Sandy beaches in fetch-limited environments are protected from large ocean-generated swell waves,... more Sandy beaches in fetch-limited environments are protected from large ocean-generated swell waves, and fetch characteristics allow local wind-generated waves and currents to develop and drive the main morphodynamic processes. The morphodynamics of these low-energy beaches present a peculiar behaviour since there is not a dominant forcing mechanism inducing the beach changes. The main objective of this work is to describe and quantify the observed morphodynamic changes at the barred, quasi longshore-uniform beach of the Trabucador Bar at the Ebro Delta (Spain) under low-energy conditions. A nine-day field campaign was carried out within the framework of the European project FANS (Fluxes Across Narrow Shelves. The Ebro Delta Case) supported by the EC MAST-III Research Programme, (Contract No. MAS3-CT95-0037, DG12 -ESCY) and the measurements included a detailed topo-bathymetric surveying at the beginning and at the end of the campaign, video recordings covering the whole domain of the study area, surf zone waves and currents time series obtained at different positions and depths, nearshore pressure and horizontal velocities time series outside the surf zone. The results show that the beach underwent important longshore and cross-shore (the breaching of the submerged bar) morphodynamic changes under low-energy conditions. The observations suggest that the low-energy wave field and the beach profile played a key role in the generation of low frequency oscillations and rip currents that reshaped the whole study zone.
Two-dimensional numerical models have been extensively used to solve the hydrodynamics and the as... more Two-dimensional numerical models have been extensively used to solve the hydrodynamics and the associated pollutant transport within the so-called far-field. Water quality modelling in the near-field, however, can not rely upon 2DH models, since these fail to reproduce the three-dimensionality of the problem; this also becomes clear in regions where the hydrodynamics is mainly 3D, such as nearshore wind-induced currents or wave-induced currents in the surf zone. A 3D Lagrangian numerical model has been developed to solve the three-dimensional convection-diffusion equation, and therefore to simulate pollutant transport in non-uniform and stratified hydrodynamic flows. The model is described in detail in this paper, and is applied to the real case of the Besos marine outfall, near Barcelona (Spain).
In this paper a harbour engineering application of an operational system to forecast circulation ... more In this paper a harbour engineering application of an operational system to forecast circulation and transport fields is presented. It deals with the functional design of a quay in the Bilbao harbour (Bay of Biscay, North-Atlantic coast of Spain). The aim is to use physical oceanography "tools" to design the optimal quay alignment according to two criteria: i) Minimize the currents in order to guarantee the vessel maneuverability and quay operability for given safety levels and ii) Maximize the water renewal capacity of the harbour inner basins (beyond the studied quay) in order to reduce the risk of water quality degradation. The methodology and the results reveal a new procedure to enhance the harbour lay-out design from an environment point of view.
Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contami... more Los modelos numéricos bidimensioiiales que resuelven la hidrodiiiámica y el transporte de contaminantes asociado han sido ampliameiite utilizados eii el caflpo lejano, pero pueden dar lugar a resultados poco realistas en el campo cercano o en situ&ciones eii las cuales la hidrodinámica es eseiicialmente tridimensional. Este es el caso por ejemplo de las corrientes inducidas por viento cerca de la costa o inducidas por oleaje en la zona de rompientes. Con el objetivo de resolver la ecuación de convección-difusión en tres dimensiones y simular el transporte de contaminantes eii flujos no uniformes y estratificados se ha desarrollado un inodelo numérico basado en una formulación lagratigiana del problema tridimensional. El modelo es descrito en detalle y se aplica al caso del emisario submarino de Barceloiia en el Mediterráneo español.
The spreading of the plume induced by the freshwater discharge from the Ebro River into northwest... more The spreading of the plume induced by the freshwater discharge from the Ebro River into northwestern Mediterranean coastal waters was modelled using two numerical codes. The coastal current field was obtained with a finite difference hydrodynamic model based on a steady-state version of the shallow-water equations, whereas the freshwater dispersion was calculated with a Lagrangian code that solves the 3D convection-diffusion equation and reproduces turbulent diffusion using a "random-walk" algorithm. The agreement obtained between numerical results, satellite observations and field measurements allows an analysis of the more relevant physical mechanisms and the corresponding "tuning" of the two models. The results show that local hydrodynamics near the river mouth, and consequently the spreading of the river plume, are highly dependent on the driving river discharge and wind field characteristics.
Abstract Water quality plays a very important role in the ecological balance and economic develop... more Abstract Water quality plays a very important role in the ecological balance and economic development of coastal and estuarine areas. However, these areas have been progressively degraded in recent decades due to different factors, including an increase in nutrient and pollutant loads introduced into the system, which may cause eutrophication problems. This paper analyzes the water quality of one such area, Cullera Bay, located on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. This study focuses on the main sources and sinks of pollutant ...
Abstract This paper deals with wind-induced flows in a semi-enclosed water body in a microtidal e... more Abstract This paper deals with wind-induced flows in a semi-enclosed water body in a microtidal environment that is subject to various wind-wave and river discharge conditions. The resulting currents are analyzed using numerical models supplemented by (and calibrated with) field observations. The emphasis is on the driving efficiency of wind fields in generating steady currents as a function of wind velocity and direction. The circulation generated is analyzed for the actual case of Cullera Bay and for a theoretical case in ...
Abstract Cullera Bay is an example of a multi-source polluted coastal environment. The water qual... more Abstract Cullera Bay is an example of a multi-source polluted coastal environment. The water quality in the bay is highly affected by pressure from major agricultural and industrial activities in the river basin. Fresh water is taken from the river and later returned, loaded with pesticides and fertilizers. Partially treated wastewater from riverbank towns and industries is discharged into the lower reaches of the river. This mechanism contributes to river pollution. The dramatic increase in Cullera's population during the summer tourist season and the ...
Flow intensification episodes lasting more than 12 h are observed occasionally at different locat... more Flow intensification episodes lasting more than 12 h are observed occasionally at different locations along the Northwestern Mediterranean coast. In the last years, these pulses have hindered ship operations outside the Barcelona harbour, thus attracting the attention of the port authorities. In this paper, the strongest intensification events in the Barcelona coast area are quantified and characterized in order to identify the mechanisms which generate them. For this, current, sea level and meteorological measured and modelled data, at local and regional scale, are analysed. The results show that the flow accelerations are due to the combination of a narrow coastal shelf and the prevalence of a strong and sustained wind from the NE to SE. The synoptic atmospheric conditions that lead to this meteorological scenario are described. For one of the events, the presence and contribution to the current fluctuations of a coastal trapped wave, likely generated at the Eastern edge of the Gulf of Lions shelf, and other factors such as a freshwater discharge are also identified and discussed.
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