to the nanoscale. Their evolution may be traced to three exciting happenings that took place in a... more to the nanoscale. Their evolution may be traced to three exciting happenings that took place in a short span from the early to mid-1980s with the award of Nobel prizes to each of them. These were: (i) the discovery quantum Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas; (ii) the invention of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM); and (iii) the discovery of fullerene as the new form of carbon. The latter two, within a few years, further led to the remarkable invention of the atomic force microscope (AFM) and, in the early 1990s the extraordinary discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNT), which soon provided the launch pad for the present-day nanotechnology. The STM and AFM have emerged as the most powerful tools to examine, control and manipulate matter at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales and these functionalities constitute the mainstay of nanotechnology. Interestingly, this exciting possibility of nanolevel tailoring of materials was envisioned way back in 1959 by Richard Feynman in his lecture, "There's plenty of room at the bottom." Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. Nanoscience is the study of phenomenon and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macro-molecule scales, where properties differ significantly from those at large scale. Nanotechnologies are the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometre scale. Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. What is nanomaterial? • Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to the nanoscale (nano metre-scale) structuring. • These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles. • They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nano powders, and nanotubes: A sequence of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a long thin cylindrical structure.
to the nanoscale. Their evolution may be traced to three exciting happenings that took place in a... more to the nanoscale. Their evolution may be traced to three exciting happenings that took place in a short span from the early to mid-1980s with the award of Nobel prizes to each of them. These were: (i) the discovery quantum Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas; (ii) the invention of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM); and (iii) the discovery of fullerene as the new form of carbon. The latter two, within a few years, further led to the remarkable invention of the atomic force microscope (AFM) and, in the early 1990s the extraordinary discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNT), which soon provided the launch pad for the present-day nanotechnology. The STM and AFM have emerged as the most powerful tools to examine, control and manipulate matter at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales and these functionalities constitute the mainstay of nanotechnology. Interestingly, this exciting possibility of nanolevel tailoring of materials was envisioned way back in 1959 by Richard Feynman in his lecture, "There's plenty of room at the bottom." Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. Nanoscience is the study of phenomenon and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macro-molecule scales, where properties differ significantly from those at large scale. Nanotechnologies are the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometre scale. Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. What is nanomaterial? • Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to the nanoscale (nano metre-scale) structuring. • These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles. • They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nano powders, and nanotubes: A sequence of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a long thin cylindrical structure.
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