Papers by MARIJKE BREUNING
Choice Reviews Online, 2011
... Semiauthoritarianism 258 Christian Göbel, Lund University 32. Models of Democracy 267 John T.... more ... Semiauthoritarianism 258 Christian Göbel, Lund University 32. Models of Democracy 267 John T. Ishiyama, Tatyana Kelman, and Anna Pechenina, University of North Texas 33. Processes of Democratization 275 Eric M. Jepsen, University of South Dakota 34. ...
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, May 24, 2017
Role theory first emerged as an approach to the study of foreign policy with the seminal work of ... more Role theory first emerged as an approach to the study of foreign policy with the seminal work of Holsti, who argued that decision makers’ conceptions of their state’s role on the world stage influenced that state’s foreign policy behavior. Holsti’s approach was ahead of its time. The potential of role theory to contribute to the agent-structure debate has not always been appreciated. In fact, early research employing role theory often maintained a close connection to structural theories of international relations, especially among U.S.-based scholars. In the last decade or so, there has been a renewed interest in role theory that differs from earlier work in that it more clearly connects with psychological approaches to foreign policy analysis. It also takes more seriously the domestic sources of role theory through inquiry into horizontal and vertical role contestation. Much of this new work intersects with constructivism, although it remains grounded in empiricism. As foreign policy analysis increasingly seeks to understand the foreign policies of a broader array of states—including smaller states that face significant constraints on their ability to act in the international arena—role theory provides an attractive framework. Its focus on decision makers’ conceptions of their state’s role in international politics enhances the ability to make sense of the foreign policies of a wider array of states in the global arena. In essence, role theory allows foreign policy analysis to move beyond a U.S.-centric or global-north-centric field to become more broadly comparative.
Well before the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt had become convin... more Well before the United States was attacked at Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt had become convinced that the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) could not be stopped without U.S. involvement in World War II. He also knew that Congress would not permit the United States to enter the war at that point. In the period between the two World Wars, the United States had returned to isolationism, which meant that the country avoided an active role in world affairs. This policy was supported by the domestic public as well as the Congress, which made it difficult for President Roosevelt to get what he wanted.
President Truman had a sign on his desk in the Oval Office that read, “the buck stops here.”1 He ... more President Truman had a sign on his desk in the Oval Office that read, “the buck stops here.”1 He referred to its meaning in his farewell address in January 1953, saying that the “greatest part of the President’s job is to make decisions—big ones and small ones, dozens of them almost every day. … The President—whoever he is—has to decide. He can’t pass the buck to anybody. No one else can do the deciding for him. That’s his job.”2
Routledge eBooks, Feb 17, 2015
Routledge eBooks, Dec 15, 2022
Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks, 2007
Where are the best explanations of foreign policy to be found? Over the course of the chapters in... more Where are the best explanations of foreign policy to be found? Over the course of the chapters in this book, we investigated numerous factors at various levels of analysis that each have the potential to affect foreign policy: leader personality and worldview; perceptions, problem representations, the use of analogies, and reasoning; the role of advisors, group decision making, and the impact of institutional arrangements; domestic audiences, national history, culture, and the state’s political institutions; capabilities, size, and geographic location. At this point, it is tempting to argue that they all matter. This is not wrong, because multi-causal explanations are often the most appropriate ones. However, it is also important to recognize that different causes sometimes explain slightly different things—such as decisions, behaviors, and outcomes—and require that we investigate phenomena at different levels of analysis—the individual, state, and international system.
SAGE Publications, Inc. eBooks, Oct 11, 2012
Journal of Asian and African Studies, Aug 1, 2021
Half a year after rising to the position of prime minister in Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed appointed a ca... more Half a year after rising to the position of prime minister in Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed appointed a cabinet that included an unprecedented 50% women, including the first female minister of defense. This was noteworthy, because women had not been well-represented in Ethiopian political leadership. What motivated the appointment of so many women? We argue that the selection of ministers in aid-dependent global south countries responds to external cues—and that this leads to more women in the cabinet. Our findings regarding Ethiopia’s 50% female cabinet suggest that the role of external cues in cabinet selection deserves further investigation.
International Studies Review, Jul 4, 2017
Why are women still relatively scarce in the international studies profes-sion? Although women ha... more Why are women still relatively scarce in the international studies profes-sion? Although women have entered careers in international studies in increasing numbers, they represent increasingly smaller percentages as they move from PhD student to full professor. Our survey investigates why this is so, focusing on the assistant professor years, which are crucial to suc-ceeding in the profession. We found that there are significant differences in publication rates, as well as differences in research focus (traditional subjects vs. newer subfields) and methodologies (quantitative vs. qualita-tive). Further, women and men have different perceptions of official and unwritten expectations for research, and policies regarding faculty with children may affect how successful women are in moving up the ladder. Taken together, these findings suggest reasons for the continued “leaki-ness ” of the career pipeline for women and some potential solutions.
The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Political Science, 2019
Role theory scholarship in politics and international relations (IR) seeks to understand decision... more Role theory scholarship in politics and international relations (IR) seeks to understand decision-making from the perspective of the decision maker. That said, role theory scholarship has evolved over time. It has moved from an initial emphasis on the structural and institutional constraints that affect human behavior to a greater emphasis on the agency of human beings. In the past decade, role theory has re-emerged as an approach to the study of politics and IR. This new generation of scholarship places its emphasis on decision makers (or agents) while acknowledging that they are embedded in institutions (or structures). As such, role theory accepts the foundational characteristics of behavioral IR—which demands attention for the cognitive limitations of human decision makers, as well as their limited capacity to process information, and the various biases and heuristics that affect their reasoning. Role theory posits that theoretical models must simultaneously take into account th...
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2021
A key part of Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s effort to promote the development of civil so... more A key part of Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s effort to promote the development of civil society is a new law, proclamation 1113/2019, which significantly expands the allowed activities of civil society organizations (CSOs) – especially in comparison to the earlier 2009 law. We examine the genesis of the new law, which was promulgated after the wave of protests in 2016–2019, as well as its impact on the ability of CSOs to work on advocacy of human rights and democracy promotion. The article concludes with an assessment of the new law’s role in the possible expansion of the development of CSOs in the country.
Who benefits from open access (OA) publishing? For whom does it present additional hurdles? We se... more Who benefits from open access (OA) publishing? For whom does it present additional hurdles? We seek to understand the impact of the move to OA publishing models on scholars as producers of articles for academic journals. Specifically, we examine whether research funding, author gender and number, (location of) institutional affiliation, and the European or US origin of the journal affect the likelihood that an article is published OA. Our empirical analysis focuses on twelve well-respected journals. We find that research funding is consistently and positively associated with OA publishing, but also that relatively few articles are published OA. In addition, articles authored by scholars with European institutional affiliations are more likely than those with US institutional affiliations to be published OA. We discuss the implications of our findings and point to avenues for further work to better understand how OA affects scholars’ ability to publish their research in academic jour...
Lynne Rienner Publishers eBooks, Dec 31, 1998
Page 1. THNOPOLITICS IN THE EW EUROPE JOHN T. ISHIXAMA MARIJKE BREUNING Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. P... more Page 1. THNOPOLITICS IN THE EW EUROPE JOHN T. ISHIXAMA MARIJKE BREUNING Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. Page 5. ETHNOPOLITICS IN THE NEW EUROPE "Thi s On LHG6-T66-ZJJH Page 6. Page 7. ETHNOPOLITICS ...
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Sep 3, 2021
Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, Sep 3, 2021
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Papers by MARIJKE BREUNING