Read: revista eletrônica de administracão. Porto Alegre. Edição 46, vol. 11, n. 4 (jul./ago. 2005), documento eletrônico, 2005
The aim of this study is to test a new framework in order to evaluate some fundamental institutio... more The aim of this study is to test a new framework in order to evaluate some fundamental institutional, technological and organizational factors in the innovation process carried out by food processing firms. We use case studies and the sectoral innovation system-SIS approach to give evidence about the innovation process carried out by fluid milk processors in the French and Brazilian sectoral innovation system. The SIS´ approach is defined as the system of firms active in developing and making a sector's products and in generating and ...
Crown rust is the major oat disease that compromises the quality and yield in up to 50%. In south... more Crown rust is the major oat disease that compromises the quality and yield in up to 50%. In south Brazil most of the resistance genes to rust pathogen has low effectiveness, and the virulence of the races present is very complex. The quantitative resistance, which is a type of incomplete or partial resistance, is a promising option for environments such as South American one, since it doesn't impose on the pathogen population the intense selection pressure for virulent races, as it commonly happens with the qualitative resistance. The lineage oat MN841801 is now one of the main sources of partial resistance to crown rust in the world, because it has been submitted and effective to several populations of the pathogen during more than 35 years. The objectives of this research were: a) to validate the expression of the partial resistance to crown rust present in the lineage MN841801 under South Brazil environment, b) to characterize the inheritance of this resistance in relation to...
The national science agencies have had a great role in the context of emerging economies catching... more The national science agencies have had a great role in the context of emerging economies catching-up. This paper addresses the search to a better understanding of strategies for emerging economies whose agricultural sector is a key economic area. The paper presents the context of the emerging economies, noting briefly some of the factors about their agricultural R&D; introduces the concept of a national innovation framework and outlines some insights from the NAIS (national agricultural innovation system). Additionally, the paper will offer a framework for these countries to select and adapt data sets, tools and methodologies needed to assist policy decision makers as they want to invest in national agricultural R&D. This theoretical essay's key contribution is conceptual and methodological: the development of a framework towards a more evidence-based understanding of what happens to given R&D investments. The applied framework is used in the analysis of the innovativeness and s...
The complexity of the population of Pyrenophora chaetomioides, the major causal agent of the oat ... more The complexity of the population of Pyrenophora chaetomioides, the major causal agent of the oat (Avena sativa) leaf and kernel spot, is not well known in south Brazil. Therefore, studies on population diversity are useful to the breeding programs aimed at obtaining genetic resistance. In this work, eight isolates were selected from oat seeds harvested in the three southern Brazilian States. In order to test their virulence, the isolates were inoculated on six oat varieties and evaluated for disease severity and lesion type. All cultivars were susceptible to the isolates tested although variation in disease intensity among them was noticed. In another study, the isolates were evaluated in relation to their amilolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities on enzyme-specific media. Results from the inoculations on six oat cultivars showed a correlation between higher enzymatic activity and virulence of the isolates. Also, their a and b esterase patterns were compared by polyacrylamide...
O milho é um cereal que faz parte de um grande número de produtos e apresenta produção crescente ... more O milho é um cereal que faz parte de um grande número de produtos e apresenta produção crescente em nível mundial. A maior parte das áreas produtivas no Brasil são ocupadas por híbridos obtidos a partir de linhagens endogâmicas. Nos anos de 1991/92, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em blocos ao acaso e três repetições, com 36 híbridos de nove linhagens endogâmicas de milho em Não Me Toque e Tapera, ambos locais no Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de avaliar estes híbridos quanto à capacidade combinatória em dois ambientes, para os caracteres altura de inserção da espiga superior, porcentagem de tombamento, prolificidade e rendimento de grãos. A significância da interação C.G.C. e C.E.C. com ambiente, evidenciou as diferenças de comportamento dos genótipos nos dois locais. As linhagens presentes nas melhores combinações foram as mesmas nos dois ambientes, mostrando que a C.G.C. foi um bom indicador do desempenho das linhagens em combinações híbridas, embora os melhores híbridos nã...
Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a good cereal for production of flour and feed. A segrega... more Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a good cereal for production of flour and feed. A segregating population of triticale was developed from a male-sterile (MS) plant. To determine whether this new source of male sterility in triticale is appropriate for use in breeding programs the expression of the male sterility phenotype was characterized through spike fertility, meiotic behavior, and pollen. Controlled crosses between male-sterile plants and control varieties male-fertile (MF) of triticale were also conducted, and cytological analyses were performed in the F2 and backcross plants. Plants with male-sterile phenotypes displayed reduced spike fertility when compared to plants with male-fertile phenotypes. Compared to male-fertile plants, male-sterile plants exhibited a lower percentage of normal meiotic cells, a reduced meiotic index and reduced pollen viability. The F2 plants had improved pollen fertility when compared to the male-sterile population; however there were no cor...
Oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most important crops in South Brazil. As acreage increases, part... more Oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most important crops in South Brazil. As acreage increases, particularly in the no-till system, some diseases became more significant. In order to identify which growth stage of the kernel is more susceptible to the establishment of the fungus Pyrenophora chaetomioides, three experiments were conducted under field conditions. Oat panicles were exposed to natural inoculum during specific periods of time from their extrusion. To protect the panicles from the inoculum, cellophane bags were used to cover them. At the end of the cycle the panicles were individually harvested and the percentage of infected kernels was calculated after plating them in an artificial medium. The kernels exposed to the inoculum during the milk and dough stages showed the highest percentages of infection. Temperature and precipitation did not contribute to the infection, although high temperature and precipitation along with occurrence of other diseases anticipated the senescen...
Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012
Cresce nos últimos anos a preocupação com os impactos do aumento anormal da temperatura da superf... more Cresce nos últimos anos a preocupação com os impactos do aumento anormal da temperatura da superfície terrestre. As alterações nos padrões climáticos globais podem incorrer em limitações aos sistemas de produção agrícolas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir os efeitos da temperatura do ar sobre a fenologia da aveia e seus impactos aos sistemas de produção no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados dados diários de temperatura do ar de uma série histórica de 1970 a 2007. Adicionalmente, dados fenológicos de aveia branca foram extraídos de experimentos de melhoramento genético de 1981 a 2007. Foi utilizada a análise de regressão linear para verificar a ocorrência de alterações no transcurso da média anual da temperatura média, máxima e mínima, assim como no número de dias e soma térmica da emergência ao florescimento da aveia. Os resultados evidenciaram a intensificação de extremos térmicos sem, no entanto, incorrer em mudanças sobre a temperatura média. Mudanças relacionadas aos dados fenológicos foram afetadas, sobretudo, pela substituição de genótipos. Oscilações interanuais da temperatura e do ciclo da cultura aparecem como os principais fatores de risco à atividade agrícola.
Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology (Online), 2011
Eleven Brazilian hexaploid triticale cultivars (2n = 6x = 42), from three breeding programs, were... more Eleven Brazilian hexaploid triticale cultivars (2n = 6x = 42), from three breeding programs, were evaluated for their ability of self-fertilization in 2006 and for meiotic behavior, meiotic index and pollen viability at two sowing dates in 2007. High potential of self-fertilization was observed, with values up to 89.52 %. Many irregularities were found in the meiotic analysis, such as the presence of univalents, laggard chromosomes and micronuclei in tetrads, which compromised both meiotic behavior and meiotic index. At the first sowing date, more suitable for normal plant development, overall mean values of 52.68 % for normal cells and 64.95 % for meiotic index were observed. At the second sowing date, less appropriate for the crop, overall means of 52.23 % for normal cells and 58.24 % for meiotic index were obtained. Despite all the irregularities, considerable pollen viability was observed, reaching overall means of 92.08 % and 91.07 % for the first and second sowing dates, respectively.
Expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia presente na linhagem MN841801, no a... more Expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia presente na linhagem MN841801, no ambiente do Sul do Brasil Expression of partial resistance to oat crown rust present in the lineage MN841801 submitted to the South Brazilian environment RESUMO A ferrugem da folha é a doença mais importante da aveia, podendo comprometer a qualidade e o rendimento de grãos em até 50%. No ambiente do Sul do Brasil, a maioria dos genes de resistência ao patógeno causador da doença tem baixa efetividade, e a virulência das raças encontradas é muito complexa. A resistência quantitativa, que é um tipo de resistência incompleta ou parcial, é uma opção bastante promissora para ambientes como o do Sul do Brasil, uma vez que não impõe a intensa pressão de seleção sobre a população patogênica, para raças virulentas, como ocorre com a resistência qualitativa. A linhagem de aveia MN841801 é atualmente uma das principais fontes de resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha, pois tem sido efetiva frente a diversas populações do patógeno durante mais de 35 anos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) validar a expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia presente na linhagem MN841801, no ambiente da região Sul do Brasil e b) caracterizar a herança dessa resistência em relação ao número de genes. Os resultados mostraram que a severidade da ferrugem da folha, na linhagem MN841801, foi significativamente inferior à de cultivares suscetíveis, eo progresso da doença foi lento, quando comparado ao das suscetíveis. Constatou-se também que a herança da resistência de MN841801 é quantitativa, sendo condicionada por dois genes. Palavras-chave: Avena sativa, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, herança, resistência quantitativa.
Aiming to test and improve lhe method of evaluation of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to ... more Aiming to test and improve lhe method of evaluation of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to aluminum toxic levels in nutritive solution. Five genotypes with known reaction to toxic aluminum (Al+++) were tested in nutritivo soluction in three different Al+++ concentrations ...
Corn is present in a great number of products and its area and production is growing in the world... more Corn is present in a great number of products and its area and production is growing in the world. In 1991/92 two evaluation trials were conducted in a complete randomised block design and three replications, with 36 hybrids of nine inbred lines in "Não Me Toque" and "Tapera", both in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with the aim of evaluating the genetic diversity and combining ability of these hybrids for ear height, stalk-root, lodging, prolificacy and grain yield. The significant interaction for CGA and SCA with location showed that the genotypes had different performance in the two environments. The inbred lines in the best combinations were the same at the two locations, showing that the CGA was a good indicator of inbred lines performance at hybrid combinations, although the best hybrids were not the same at the two locations. The best inbred lines were ID01, IMD04, IMD06 and ID09.
ABSTRACT Weed species present high genetic variability among plants within a population and show ... more ABSTRACT Weed species present high genetic variability among plants within a population and show potential to adapt to control tactics. Seeds of Bidens spp. (BIDSS) were collected in a 60 ha rectangular area, in a property located in Almirante Tamandaré do Sul, RS, with suspected ALS resistance, and cultivated with soybean during approximately 20 years. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of accesses of Bidens spp. collected in only one property, to verify resistance dispersion and to determine the relation between the coefficient of genetic similarity and the geographic distance among accesses of the same population. The area was divided into 100 geo-referenced points of seed samplings, among which only 40 points had BIDSS plants. These seeds had been placed in plastic pots with capacity of 300 mL and when seedlings presented two leaves, they were sprayed with chlorimuron at a dose of 200 of g ha-1 for resistance confirmation. DNA extraction was conducted according to the literature protocols. Twenty plants from each sampled site were used for the formation of DNA bulk. Twenty and six primers of the operon kit were also used. The BIDSS accesses presented great genetic variability within the population. RAPD analysis did not allow the separation of the species Bidens pilosa and Bidens subalternans. The resistance to the ALS inhibitors was spread in all the sampled area inside the property. No relation was verified between geographic distance and genetic similarity, suggesting no founder effect occurred in the area.
Read: revista eletrônica de administracão. Porto Alegre. Edição 46, vol. 11, n. 4 (jul./ago. 2005), documento eletrônico, 2005
The aim of this study is to test a new framework in order to evaluate some fundamental institutio... more The aim of this study is to test a new framework in order to evaluate some fundamental institutional, technological and organizational factors in the innovation process carried out by food processing firms. We use case studies and the sectoral innovation system-SIS approach to give evidence about the innovation process carried out by fluid milk processors in the French and Brazilian sectoral innovation system. The SIS´ approach is defined as the system of firms active in developing and making a sector's products and in generating and ...
Crown rust is the major oat disease that compromises the quality and yield in up to 50%. In south... more Crown rust is the major oat disease that compromises the quality and yield in up to 50%. In south Brazil most of the resistance genes to rust pathogen has low effectiveness, and the virulence of the races present is very complex. The quantitative resistance, which is a type of incomplete or partial resistance, is a promising option for environments such as South American one, since it doesn't impose on the pathogen population the intense selection pressure for virulent races, as it commonly happens with the qualitative resistance. The lineage oat MN841801 is now one of the main sources of partial resistance to crown rust in the world, because it has been submitted and effective to several populations of the pathogen during more than 35 years. The objectives of this research were: a) to validate the expression of the partial resistance to crown rust present in the lineage MN841801 under South Brazil environment, b) to characterize the inheritance of this resistance in relation to...
The national science agencies have had a great role in the context of emerging economies catching... more The national science agencies have had a great role in the context of emerging economies catching-up. This paper addresses the search to a better understanding of strategies for emerging economies whose agricultural sector is a key economic area. The paper presents the context of the emerging economies, noting briefly some of the factors about their agricultural R&D; introduces the concept of a national innovation framework and outlines some insights from the NAIS (national agricultural innovation system). Additionally, the paper will offer a framework for these countries to select and adapt data sets, tools and methodologies needed to assist policy decision makers as they want to invest in national agricultural R&D. This theoretical essay's key contribution is conceptual and methodological: the development of a framework towards a more evidence-based understanding of what happens to given R&D investments. The applied framework is used in the analysis of the innovativeness and s...
The complexity of the population of Pyrenophora chaetomioides, the major causal agent of the oat ... more The complexity of the population of Pyrenophora chaetomioides, the major causal agent of the oat (Avena sativa) leaf and kernel spot, is not well known in south Brazil. Therefore, studies on population diversity are useful to the breeding programs aimed at obtaining genetic resistance. In this work, eight isolates were selected from oat seeds harvested in the three southern Brazilian States. In order to test their virulence, the isolates were inoculated on six oat varieties and evaluated for disease severity and lesion type. All cultivars were susceptible to the isolates tested although variation in disease intensity among them was noticed. In another study, the isolates were evaluated in relation to their amilolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities on enzyme-specific media. Results from the inoculations on six oat cultivars showed a correlation between higher enzymatic activity and virulence of the isolates. Also, their a and b esterase patterns were compared by polyacrylamide...
O milho é um cereal que faz parte de um grande número de produtos e apresenta produção crescente ... more O milho é um cereal que faz parte de um grande número de produtos e apresenta produção crescente em nível mundial. A maior parte das áreas produtivas no Brasil são ocupadas por híbridos obtidos a partir de linhagens endogâmicas. Nos anos de 1991/92, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em blocos ao acaso e três repetições, com 36 híbridos de nove linhagens endogâmicas de milho em Não Me Toque e Tapera, ambos locais no Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de avaliar estes híbridos quanto à capacidade combinatória em dois ambientes, para os caracteres altura de inserção da espiga superior, porcentagem de tombamento, prolificidade e rendimento de grãos. A significância da interação C.G.C. e C.E.C. com ambiente, evidenciou as diferenças de comportamento dos genótipos nos dois locais. As linhagens presentes nas melhores combinações foram as mesmas nos dois ambientes, mostrando que a C.G.C. foi um bom indicador do desempenho das linhagens em combinações híbridas, embora os melhores híbridos nã...
Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a good cereal for production of flour and feed. A segrega... more Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a good cereal for production of flour and feed. A segregating population of triticale was developed from a male-sterile (MS) plant. To determine whether this new source of male sterility in triticale is appropriate for use in breeding programs the expression of the male sterility phenotype was characterized through spike fertility, meiotic behavior, and pollen. Controlled crosses between male-sterile plants and control varieties male-fertile (MF) of triticale were also conducted, and cytological analyses were performed in the F2 and backcross plants. Plants with male-sterile phenotypes displayed reduced spike fertility when compared to plants with male-fertile phenotypes. Compared to male-fertile plants, male-sterile plants exhibited a lower percentage of normal meiotic cells, a reduced meiotic index and reduced pollen viability. The F2 plants had improved pollen fertility when compared to the male-sterile population; however there were no cor...
Oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most important crops in South Brazil. As acreage increases, part... more Oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most important crops in South Brazil. As acreage increases, particularly in the no-till system, some diseases became more significant. In order to identify which growth stage of the kernel is more susceptible to the establishment of the fungus Pyrenophora chaetomioides, three experiments were conducted under field conditions. Oat panicles were exposed to natural inoculum during specific periods of time from their extrusion. To protect the panicles from the inoculum, cellophane bags were used to cover them. At the end of the cycle the panicles were individually harvested and the percentage of infected kernels was calculated after plating them in an artificial medium. The kernels exposed to the inoculum during the milk and dough stages showed the highest percentages of infection. Temperature and precipitation did not contribute to the infection, although high temperature and precipitation along with occurrence of other diseases anticipated the senescen...
Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012
Cresce nos últimos anos a preocupação com os impactos do aumento anormal da temperatura da superf... more Cresce nos últimos anos a preocupação com os impactos do aumento anormal da temperatura da superfície terrestre. As alterações nos padrões climáticos globais podem incorrer em limitações aos sistemas de produção agrícolas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir os efeitos da temperatura do ar sobre a fenologia da aveia e seus impactos aos sistemas de produção no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados dados diários de temperatura do ar de uma série histórica de 1970 a 2007. Adicionalmente, dados fenológicos de aveia branca foram extraídos de experimentos de melhoramento genético de 1981 a 2007. Foi utilizada a análise de regressão linear para verificar a ocorrência de alterações no transcurso da média anual da temperatura média, máxima e mínima, assim como no número de dias e soma térmica da emergência ao florescimento da aveia. Os resultados evidenciaram a intensificação de extremos térmicos sem, no entanto, incorrer em mudanças sobre a temperatura média. Mudanças relacionadas aos dados fenológicos foram afetadas, sobretudo, pela substituição de genótipos. Oscilações interanuais da temperatura e do ciclo da cultura aparecem como os principais fatores de risco à atividade agrícola.
Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology (Online), 2011
Eleven Brazilian hexaploid triticale cultivars (2n = 6x = 42), from three breeding programs, were... more Eleven Brazilian hexaploid triticale cultivars (2n = 6x = 42), from three breeding programs, were evaluated for their ability of self-fertilization in 2006 and for meiotic behavior, meiotic index and pollen viability at two sowing dates in 2007. High potential of self-fertilization was observed, with values up to 89.52 %. Many irregularities were found in the meiotic analysis, such as the presence of univalents, laggard chromosomes and micronuclei in tetrads, which compromised both meiotic behavior and meiotic index. At the first sowing date, more suitable for normal plant development, overall mean values of 52.68 % for normal cells and 64.95 % for meiotic index were observed. At the second sowing date, less appropriate for the crop, overall means of 52.23 % for normal cells and 58.24 % for meiotic index were obtained. Despite all the irregularities, considerable pollen viability was observed, reaching overall means of 92.08 % and 91.07 % for the first and second sowing dates, respectively.
Expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia presente na linhagem MN841801, no a... more Expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia presente na linhagem MN841801, no ambiente do Sul do Brasil Expression of partial resistance to oat crown rust present in the lineage MN841801 submitted to the South Brazilian environment RESUMO A ferrugem da folha é a doença mais importante da aveia, podendo comprometer a qualidade e o rendimento de grãos em até 50%. No ambiente do Sul do Brasil, a maioria dos genes de resistência ao patógeno causador da doença tem baixa efetividade, e a virulência das raças encontradas é muito complexa. A resistência quantitativa, que é um tipo de resistência incompleta ou parcial, é uma opção bastante promissora para ambientes como o do Sul do Brasil, uma vez que não impõe a intensa pressão de seleção sobre a população patogênica, para raças virulentas, como ocorre com a resistência qualitativa. A linhagem de aveia MN841801 é atualmente uma das principais fontes de resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha, pois tem sido efetiva frente a diversas populações do patógeno durante mais de 35 anos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) validar a expressão da resistência parcial à ferrugem da folha da aveia presente na linhagem MN841801, no ambiente da região Sul do Brasil e b) caracterizar a herança dessa resistência em relação ao número de genes. Os resultados mostraram que a severidade da ferrugem da folha, na linhagem MN841801, foi significativamente inferior à de cultivares suscetíveis, eo progresso da doença foi lento, quando comparado ao das suscetíveis. Constatou-se também que a herança da resistência de MN841801 é quantitativa, sendo condicionada por dois genes. Palavras-chave: Avena sativa, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, herança, resistência quantitativa.
Aiming to test and improve lhe method of evaluation of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to ... more Aiming to test and improve lhe method of evaluation of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to aluminum toxic levels in nutritive solution. Five genotypes with known reaction to toxic aluminum (Al+++) were tested in nutritivo soluction in three different Al+++ concentrations ...
Corn is present in a great number of products and its area and production is growing in the world... more Corn is present in a great number of products and its area and production is growing in the world. In 1991/92 two evaluation trials were conducted in a complete randomised block design and three replications, with 36 hybrids of nine inbred lines in "Não Me Toque" and "Tapera", both in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with the aim of evaluating the genetic diversity and combining ability of these hybrids for ear height, stalk-root, lodging, prolificacy and grain yield. The significant interaction for CGA and SCA with location showed that the genotypes had different performance in the two environments. The inbred lines in the best combinations were the same at the two locations, showing that the CGA was a good indicator of inbred lines performance at hybrid combinations, although the best hybrids were not the same at the two locations. The best inbred lines were ID01, IMD04, IMD06 and ID09.
ABSTRACT Weed species present high genetic variability among plants within a population and show ... more ABSTRACT Weed species present high genetic variability among plants within a population and show potential to adapt to control tactics. Seeds of Bidens spp. (BIDSS) were collected in a 60 ha rectangular area, in a property located in Almirante Tamandaré do Sul, RS, with suspected ALS resistance, and cultivated with soybean during approximately 20 years. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of accesses of Bidens spp. collected in only one property, to verify resistance dispersion and to determine the relation between the coefficient of genetic similarity and the geographic distance among accesses of the same population. The area was divided into 100 geo-referenced points of seed samplings, among which only 40 points had BIDSS plants. These seeds had been placed in plastic pots with capacity of 300 mL and when seedlings presented two leaves, they were sprayed with chlorimuron at a dose of 200 of g ha-1 for resistance confirmation. DNA extraction was conducted according to the literature protocols. Twenty plants from each sampled site were used for the formation of DNA bulk. Twenty and six primers of the operon kit were also used. The BIDSS accesses presented great genetic variability within the population. RAPD analysis did not allow the separation of the species Bidens pilosa and Bidens subalternans. The resistance to the ALS inhibitors was spread in all the sampled area inside the property. No relation was verified between geographic distance and genetic similarity, suggesting no founder effect occurred in the area.
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