Papers by Lucky Legbosi Nwidu
Journal of integrative medicine, Jul 1, 2018
The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Lasianthera africana (Icacina... more The aim of this study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Lasianthera africana (Icacinaceae) against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF)-induced liver damage in rats. The hepatoprotective effects of hot aqueous L. africana (HALA) leaf extract (0.1-1 g/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) were assessed in a model of oxidative liver damage induced by RIF and INH (100 mg/kg each) in Wistar rats for 28 days. Biochemical markers of hepatic damage such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed. The antioxidant statuses of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSPx), glutathione reductase (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. The pretreatment of INH and RIF decreased hematological indices and the antioxidant levels (P < 0.001) and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes (P < 0.001). However, pretreatment with HALA extract and silymarin provoked significant ele...
<b>Context:</b> There is an unmet need to discover new treatments for Alzheimer's... more <b>Context:</b> There is an unmet need to discover new treatments for Alzheimer's disease. This study determined the anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, DPPH free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of <i>Carpolobia lutea</i> G. Don (Polygalaceae). <b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study is to quantify <i>C. lutea</i> anti-AChE, DPPH free radical scavenging, and antioxidant activities and cell cytotoxicity. <b>Materials and methods:</b> Plant stem, leaves and roots were subjected to sequential solvent extractions, and screened for anti-AChE activity across a concentration range of 0.02–200 μg/mL. Plant DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, and cytotoxicity evaluated using human hepatocytes. <b>Results:</b><i>Carpolobia lutea</i> exhibited concentration-dependent anti-AChE activity. The most potent inhibitory activity for the stem was the crude ethanol extract and hexane stem fraction oil (IC<sub>50</sub> = 140 μg/mL); for the leaves, the chloroform leaf fraction (IC<sub>50</sub> = 60 μg/mL); and for roots, the methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous root fractions (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.3–3 μg/mL). Dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity and reducing power were observed with increasing stem, leaf or root concentration. Total phenolic contents were the highest in the stem: ∼632 mg gallic acid equivalents/g for a hexane stem fraction oil. Total flavonoid content was the highest in the leaves: ∼297 mg quercetin equivalents/g for a chloroform leaf fraction. At 1 μg/mL, only the crude ethanol extract oil was significantly cytotoxic to hepatocytes. <b>Discussion and conclusions:</b><i>Carpolobia lutea</i> possesses anti-AChE activity and beneficial antioxidant capacity indicative of its potential development as a treatment of Alzheimer's and other diseases characterized by a cholinergic deficit.
African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, Jan 28, 2014
The stem-bark extract of Carpolobia lutea (Polygalaceae), used in ethno-medicine as anti-diarrhea... more The stem-bark extract of Carpolobia lutea (Polygalaceae), used in ethno-medicine as anti-diarrhea was pharmacologically evaluated. This was the first report of assessment of the ethanolic stem extract (ESE), of C. lutea as anti-diarrhoeal agent in rats. The anti-diarrhoeal effects, acute toxicity and ionic profile are investigated and reported. The acute toxicity was established using Lock's method. The anti-diarrhoeal effects were demonstrated using castor oil-induced diarrheal and fluid accumulation and its effect on normal intestinal transit. The mechanism elucidated using yohimbine, isosorbide dinitrate, and diphenoxylate. The elemental and ionic profile of ESE was established using inductively coupled argon-plasma emission spectrometer and potentiometric titration respectively. The finger print of ESE was revealed by Jasco (Tokyo, Japan), HPLC and active compounds by phytochemical screening using standard procedure. The LD50 obtained is 866.025 mg/kg (i.p). The doses of 43....
Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 2017
Background: Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) is used in folk medicine in Nigeria for the treatm... more Background: Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) is used in folk medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of hepatitis. Objective: This study comparatively evaluates the in vivo hepatotoprotective and antioxidant effects of Spondias mombin leaf (SML) and stem (SMS) methanolic extracts in rat’s model of hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by administering CCl4 to forty-two Wistar rats divided into seven groups. After 48 hours rats were sacrificed and assayed for histological and biochemical indices of hepatotoxicity. Results: Treatment with CCL4 induced hepatocellular injury with significant (p<0.001) increase in the activities of ALT, AST, total bilirubin (TBIL) and conjugated bilirubin (CBIL) and a significant (p<0.001) decrease in total protein (TP) compared to the negative control. The plant extracts, SML 500 and 1000 mg/kg, significantly (p<0.001-0.05) deceased ALT, AST, TBIL, and CBIL. SMS extracts at 500 and 1000 mg/kg significantly (p&l...
Nauclear latifolia leaf (NLL) present with arrays of centra nervous system or neuropharmacologica... more Nauclear latifolia leaf (NLL) present with arrays of centra nervous system or neuropharmacological effects linked to uncommon display of phytochemical contents. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of NLL in valproic aid-induced neurotoxic effect in oxidative stressed rats. The extract was prepared by first defatting in n-hexane before extraction with methanol after 72 hour maceration. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard procedure. The NLL extract obtained was administered in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/ kg) after pre-treatment of the experimental animals with high dose valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg) orally daily by subchronic exposure for 30 days. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the cerebrum abstracted and homogenized in ice for biochemical assays. The toxicological assay evaluated the weights changes in animals daily; the biochemical assays estimated the levels of...
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Nauclea latifolia stem-bark (NLS) is widely utilized for broad spectrum pathologies. The study ev... more Nauclea latifolia stem-bark (NLS) is widely utilized for broad spectrum pathologies. The study evaluated the protective effects of NLS extract supplemented along with valproic acid on oxidative stress markers, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) and B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) protein expressions in prefrontal cortex of rats. The NLS extract was administered in three doses (50, 100, 200mg/kg) after pre-treatment of the experimental animals with high dose valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg) orally daily by subacute exposure for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the brain abstracted and homogenized in ice for biochemical assays to estimate the levels oxidative stress markers; histopathological examination to reveal the histomorphorgical changes and immunohistochemistry to examine effect on NSE andbcl-2protein expressions. The findings revealed significant (P < 0.05-0.001) elevation of oxidative stress induced by VPA. The NLS extract supplementation mediate significant elevation of the levels of reduced glutathione (P< 0.05-0.01), antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (P< 0.001), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001), catalase (P< 0.05-0.01) and glutathione-s-transferase (P < 0.05-0.01)] and significant decline of lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde, (NLS group vs diseases control group (P < 0.001). The NLS extract studied down-regulated NSE at the prefrontal cortex preventing neuronal damage but no effect on bcl-2 protein expression. We conclude that NLS extract has potential to mitigate VPA induced neurotoxicity by obliterating oxidative stress and down regulating NSE expression, effects demonstrating probable therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Sodium valproate (SVPA) is indicated for the management of partial and generalized epilepsy with ... more Sodium valproate (SVPA) is indicated for the management of partial and generalized epilepsy with major limitation of pan-toxicity. Musanga cecropioides stem-bark (MCS) is used in ethnomedicine for multiple health benefits. The aim of the study was to test the ameliorative effect of MCS extract on SVPA-induced damage in rodent. The rats were administered with SVPA (500 mg/kg b.w. followed by MCS (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) and reference drug, vinpocetine (25 mg/kg b.w.) orally and sub-acutely. The protective effects of MCS extract on their weights, hematological, biochemical, lipid, kidney and electrolytes profiles parameters were examined. Following rats sacrifice, the liver, kidney and lungs were subjected to histopathological analysis. The study indicated that SVPA significantly up-regulated the liver function enzymes (P< 0.001), lipid profile (P< 0.01-0.001), kidney function (P< 0.05-0.01) and electrolytes (P< 0.01-0.001) biomarkers and elicited gross alterations of measured indices. However, this effects were dose dependently reversed by MCS extract with higher hepatoprotective percentages, for liver enzymes (77-261%), lipid profiles (74-133%), electrolytes (59-169%) and kidney function (82-154%) compare to vinpocetine values of 63-103%, 80-127%, 70-161% and 27-78%, respectively. No significant alteration in hematology and relative organ weights. The effect on histopathology corroborated biochemical study. Vinpocetine exhibit no therapeutic effect on the histopathological alteration of liver and kidney but only on the lungs. The presence of potential active ingredients in MCS extract confirms it as an alternative adjunctive therapy in abrogating SVPA-induced pan-toxicity derangement in rats.
European Journal of Medicinal Plants
Objective: Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) stem-bark enjoys wide patronage in ethnomedicine due to ... more Objective: Nauclea latifolia (Rubiaceae) stem-bark enjoys wide patronage in ethnomedicine due to multiplicity of usage. Acute and subacute hematological and biochemical toxicity studies are available in literature but none underpins its ameliorative effect with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC), valproic acid (VPA) which mediates multifocal toxicity in different histological milieu. Methods: Subacute exposure of experimental albino rats with a high dose of valproic acid (500 mg/kg) was executed orally one hour before post-treatment with Nauclea latifolia stem-bark (NLS) extract in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) and with another group of rats with reference drug, vinpocetine, 25 mg/kg daily for 28 consecutive days after which hematological and biochemical analyses were executed. The liver, kidney and lungs were abstracted for histopathological evaluation. Results: The HDAC inhibitor, Valproic acids induced multifocal biochemical insults on liver function enzymes, lipid profil...
Journal of Integrative Medicine
OBJECTIVE Drug-induced liver injury complicates antituberculosis drug treatment and is a leading ... more OBJECTIVE Drug-induced liver injury complicates antituberculosis drug treatment and is a leading cause of death worldwide. The aim of this study is to establish the ethnomedicinal claim of hepatoprotective effects of fruit pulp extract of Telfairia occidentalis against rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH)-induced oxidative stress in rats. METHODS T. occidentalis pulp extract (TOPE) (125-500 mg/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) were evaluated in an induced hepatotoxicity model of oxidative stress in Wistar rats by intoxication with RIF and INH (100 mg/kg each) orally for 60 d. Markers indicating oxidative stress and hepatic damage such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed. Biomarkers of antioxidant status, including catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), were assayed using standard procedures. The hematological profile, lipid profile, serum markers for kidney function and histopathological examination were also assessed. RESULTS Intoxication with RIF and INH markedly reduced the hematological indices and elevated the biochemical enzyme markers (AST, ALT and ALP, P < 0.001) and lipid profile (P < 0.001), while antioxidant biomarkers were significantly (P < 0.01) depressed and MDA was elevated. However, pretreatment with TOPE significantly (P < 0.001) alleviated this alteration and sustained the antioxidant potentials. The histopathological morphology supports the biochemical evidence of hepatoprotection. CONCLUSION Current study is indicative of potential antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective effects and plausible therapeutic alleviation of RIF-INH-induced hepatotoxicity of TOPE in laboratory animals.
Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, Jan 29, 2018
Background Glyphae brevis leaf is reported in ethnomedicine as a treatment for hepatitis and jaun... more Background Glyphae brevis leaf is reported in ethnomedicine as a treatment for hepatitis and jaundice; however, no studies have hitherto investigated the mechanistic basis of these claims. Methods A hepato-protective role of G. brevis hydromethanolic (GBH) leaf extract was established against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after a CCl4 challenge, rats were sacrificed and serum hematological indices, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters were determined. The antioxidant enzymes parameters (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation product (thiobarbituric reactive substances) levels in liver homogenates were evaluated. Changes in the liver cyto-architecture of different treatment groups were also investigated. Results The GBH extract produced no significant impact on weight and hematological indices. Intoxication with CCl4 significantly (p<0.001-0.05) increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotei...
Brain sciences, Jan 11, 2018
Repetitive excessive alcohol intoxication leads to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. We examin... more Repetitive excessive alcohol intoxication leads to neuronal damage and brain shrinkage. We examined cytoskeletal protein expression in human tissue from Brodmann's area 9 of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Brain samples from 44 individuals were divided into equal groups of 11 control, 11 alcoholic, 11 non-alcoholic suicides, and 11 suicide alcoholics matched for age, sex, and delay. Tissue from alcoholic cohorts displayed significantly reduced expression of α- and β-tubulins, and increased levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Protein levels of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6), and the microtubule-associated proteins MAP-2 and MAP-tau were reduced in alcoholic cohorts, although for MAPs this was not significant. Tubulin gene expressions increased in alcoholic cohorts but not significantly. Brains from rats administered alcohol for 4 weeks also displayed significantly reduced tubulin protein levels and increased α-tubulin acetylation. PFC tissue from control subjects had reduced tubulin prot...
Hepatotoxicity is a common side and toxic effect of Antituberculous (Anti-TB) drugs with reported... more Hepatotoxicity is a common side and toxic effect of Antituberculous (Anti-TB) drugs with reported higher incidence with anti-TB combinations. Oxidative stress was shown to have a role. This study examined oxidative stress effects of the first line Anti-TB drugs; Rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide PZA (individually and combined) on HepG2 cells. MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to study the cytotoxic effect of the tested Anti-TB drugs. The effect of anti-TB drugs on total glutathione HepG2 cells and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) were studied (individually and in combinations). Furthermore, the protective effect of the antioxidant reduced glutathione was assayed. The data revealed that the tested anti-TB were cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. RIF was the most potent. The tested drugs in their estimated IC50s, to different extents, enhanced significantly (P<0.0001) ROSs production and decreased total glutath...
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, Aug 1, 2018
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018
Background: Polyherbal standardised extracts used in ethnomedicine of Eastern Nigeria for memory ... more Background: Polyherbal standardised extracts used in ethnomedicine of Eastern Nigeria for memory improvements were evaluated for anti-cholinesterases and anti-oxidant properties. Methods: Anti-cholinesterase, anti-oxidant, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were established using standard procedures. Results: The three polyherbal extracts exhibited significant concentration dependent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity (P = 0.001). The highest AChE inhibition was observed with the Neocare Herbal Tea (NHT) with 99.7% (IC50 = 324 µg/mL); whereas the Herbalin Complex Tea (HCT) and Phytoblis Herbal Tea (PHT) exhibited 73.8% (IC50 = 0.2 µg/mL) and 60.6% (IC50 = 0.7 µg/mL) inhibition, respectively, relative to eserine at 100% inhibition (IC50 = 0.9 µg/mL) at 200 µg/mL. The order of percentage increase in inhibition of AChE was NHT > HCT > PHT; while the order of decrease in potency was HCT > PHT > NHT. Radical scavenging activities of HCT, NHT and PHT were 82.13% (IC50 = 0.08 µg/ mL), 77.43% (IC50 = 0.01 µg/mL) and 76.28% (IC50 = 0.3 µg/mL), respectively, at 1 mg/mL concentrations. The reducing power revealed a dose-dependent effect, with NHT > PHT > HCT. The order of total phenolics content in the extracts were PHT > HCT > NHT, and for total flavonoids content: PHT > NHT > HCT. Conclusion: The three polyherbal standardised products possess significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and secondary metabolites that could collectively contribute to their memory-enhancing effects.
The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida grown particu... more The in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida grown particularly for the leaf and seed in Niger Delta region of Nigeria was evaluated in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. Picralima nitida (35-115 mg/kg day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) blood schizonticidal activity both in 4-day early infection test and in established infection with a considerable mean survival time though not comparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine, 5 mg/kg day. The seed extract possesses significant (P < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity which correlate with it reported in vitro activity.
African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines Ajtcam African Networks on Ethnomedicines, 2012
Carpolobia lutea (G. Don) (Polygalaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant putative in traditional me... more Carpolobia lutea (G. Don) (Polygalaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant putative in traditional medicines against gonorrhea, gingivitis, infertility, antiulcer and malaria. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial, antifungal and antihelicobacter effects of extracts C. lutea leaf, stem and root. The extracts were examined using the disc-diffusion and Microplates of 96 wells containing Muller-Hinton methods against some bacterial strains: Eschericia coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC10418), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphyllococus aureus (ATCC 6571), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8853) and four clinical isolates: one fungi (Candida albican) and three bacteria (Salmonella, Sheigella and staphylococcus aureus). The Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659) and the Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Cândida albicans (ATCC 18804) and
The leaf of Carpolobia lutea G. Don (Polygalaceae) is widely used among the Ibibio and Efik in Ni... more The leaf of Carpolobia lutea G. Don (Polygalaceae) is widely used among the Ibibio and Efik in Nigeria to control psychotic patient by sedation. This antipsychotic effect among other uses of the plant is yet to be investigated pharmacologically. This is a first report of neuropharmacological screening of the leaf. Gradient extraction was executed after maceration of air-dried leaf of C. lutea in n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent for 72 hours to obtain the four fractions. The effects of these four fractions of the leaf (192.5-770mg/kg) were investigated on thiopentol-induced sleeping time, locomotor activity, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -and strychnine (STN)-induced convulsion in mice. The most active fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, was submitted to semi-preparative HPLC to structurally isolate and characterized active compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction reveal a dose dependent significant (P < 0.01) prolongation of sleeping time duration but no effect on sleeping time latency when compared with control group. The ethyl acetate fraction reveals a dose dependent significant (p < 0.05-0.001) decrease on locomotor activity. In the anticonvulsant assay, it demonstrates 60% and 40% protection in the PTZ-and strychnine-induced convulsion in mice respectively. The effects of other fractions were not as significant compared to the ethyl acetate fraction. Five polyphenols were isolated, the first four molecules is reported for the first time. The neuropharmacological screening results and isolated compounds could in part lend credence to antipsychotic ethnomedical uses of C. lutea in management of mad people in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria.
International Journal of Pharmacology, 2007
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Papers by Lucky Legbosi Nwidu