Anais do V Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação (SBSI 2009), 2009
Modelos conceituais semanticamente ricos são a base para a integração semântica de dados. Embora ... more Modelos conceituais semanticamente ricos são a base para a integração semântica de dados. Embora os modelos conceituais existam há mais de 30 anos, pouco foi proposto em termos de um processo para amodelagem de dados. A construção de um modelo de dados implica na aquisição dos conceitos de um universo do discurso por parte do projetista, e sua posterior transcrição em uma linguagem de modelagem; para tanto, é necessário um método. A linguagem empregada deve ter construtos suficientespara a descrição semântica dos conceitos envolvidos. Uma análise da linguagem, a partir de princípios lingüísticos que se aplicam às linguagens naturais, pode atestar sua adequação à representação de modelos conceituais. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a modelagem conceitual de dados que se baseia nos processos cognitivos humanos. A representação do modelo construído utiliza uma linguagem desenvolvida a partir de uma ontologia de fundamentação, que será, ao longo do trabalho, comparada ao conce...
Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have pa... more Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have passed since Peter Chen enunciated his Entity-Relationship Model. Methods and methodologies for the creation of conceptual models have been the subject of studies and projects which goal is to produce clearer, complete and easier-to-read models. Several methods, modeling languages and tools, have been proposed over the years, some of which aim at creating and/or reading such models automatically, which can imply a simplification that might oppose the idea of semantic accuracy and completeness. The common denominator among all proposals is that, for a conceptual model to be effective and useful, a designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Also, no matter the source of information, the knowledge about the scenario to be modeled is always passed to the designer in a natural language. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the modeling language must convey the semantics of such environment, in a way that anyone who is literate in this language can, from reading the model, get the same understanding as from the description in a natural language. In other words, the modeling language must be as rich and generative as the natural language in which the Universe of Discourse concepts are described. Several projects that focus on conceptual modeling have turned to linguistics as a support for the modeling process itself, relating natural language constructs to those of the adopted modeling language; what they all have in common is that their work is done from the perspective of the (meta)model itself. This report presents some of the aforementioned studies and proposes that the linguistic approach, invaluable as it is, should actually be applied to the modeling process from the natural language perspective.
... BAIÃO, F. ; SANTORO, FM ; IENDRICK, H ; LOPES, M ; NUNES, V . Uma abordagem de construção de ... more ... BAIÃO, F. ; SANTORO, FM ; IENDRICK, H ; LOPES, M ; NUNES, V . Uma abordagem de construção de ontologia de domínio a partir do modelo de processos ... Semantic Matching: FormalOntological Distinctions for Information Organization, Extraction, and Integration. ...
After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important ... more After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important research field, which has been recently addressed by the literature on semantic interoperability in its various forms (model integration, service interoperability, knowledge harmonization, taxonomy alignment), domain engineering and the creation of conceptual models through Natural Language Processing (NLP), to name a few. In the database conceptual design, the designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse (UoD) to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Thus, the conceptual modeling process can be seen as a translation. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the designer must represent the UoD in a generative language which constructs can convey the same concepts represented in the respective natural language. For the whole process to be effective, we argue that the adoption of modeling languages and methodologies that are based on well-founded ontological theories is required. We propose the use of a linguistic approach for conceptual modeling from natural language texts, and illustrate how it may be applied using the well-founded modeling language OntoUML.
After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important ... more After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important research field, which has been recently addressed by the literature on semantic interoperability in its various forms (model integration, service interoperability, knowledge harmonization, taxonomy alignment), domain engineering and the creation of conceptual models through Natural Language Processing (NLP), to name a few. In the database conceptual design, the designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse (UoD) to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Thus, the conceptual modeling process can be seen as a translation. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the designer must represent the UoD in a generative language which constructs can convey the same concepts represented in the respective natural language. For the whole process to be effective, we argue that the adoption of modeling languages and methodologies that are based on well-founded ontological theories is required. We propose the use of a linguistic approach for conceptual modeling from natural language texts, and illustrate how it may be applied using the well-founded modeling language OntoUML.
Para pensar um sistema de bate-papo a partir dos comentarios e sugestoes dos alunos de um curso d... more Para pensar um sistema de bate-papo a partir dos comentarios e sugestoes dos alunos de um curso de graduacao a distância sobre o que deveria ser um sistema de bate-papo online para o contexto educacional, buscamos, nas teorias linguisticas relacionadas a analise da conversacao, saber como as pessoas lidam com os problemas do bate-papo presencial, com o intuito de descobrir se essas solucoes poderiam ser aplicadas aos sistemas de bate-papo online. Os trabalhos e pesquisas do grupo de pesquisas a que estou ligada, o ComunicaTEC, alguns ja finalizados e outros ainda em curso, vem tratando de algumas das questoes levantadas por alunos, mesmo antes de elas terem sido formuladas, visto elas ja terem sido discutidas por outros membros do grupo em outros contextos. Neste artigo, apresento o caminho percorrido pela minha pesquisa, que mistura-se aquelas conduzidas por todos os membros do grupo.
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Enterprise Information, 2009
Business-IT alignment is gaining more importance in enterprises, and is already considered essent... more Business-IT alignment is gaining more importance in enterprises, and is already considered essential for efficiently achieving enterprise goals. This led organizations to follow Enterprise Architecture approaches, with the Information Architecture as one of its pillars. Information architecture aims at providing an integrated and holistic view of the business information, and this requires applying a data integration approach. However, despite several works on data integration research, the problem is far from being solved. The highly heterogeneous computer environments present new challenges such as distinct DBMSs, distinct data models, distinct schemas and distinct semantics, all in the same scenario. On the other hand, new issues in enterprise environment, such as the emergence of BPM and SOA approaches, contribute to a new solution for the problem. This paper presents a service-based approach for data integration, in which the services are derived from the organization's business process models. The proposed approach comprises a framework of different types of services (data services, concept services), a method for data integration service identification from process models, and a metaschema needed for the automation and customization of the proposed approach in a specific organization. We focus on handling heterogeneities with regard to different DBMSs and differences among data models, schemas and semantics.
Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have pa... more Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have passed since Peter Chen enunciated his Entity-Relationship Model. Methods and methodologies for the creation of conceptual models have been the subject of studies and projects which goal is to produce clearer, complete and easier-to-read models. Several methods, modeling languages and tools, have been proposed over the years, some of which aim at creating and/or reading such models automatically, which can imply a simplification that might oppose the idea of semantic accuracy and completeness. The common denominator among all proposals is that, for a conceptual model to be effective and useful, a designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Also, no matter the source of information, the knowledge about the scenario to be modeled is always passed to the designer in a natural language. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the modeling language must convey the semantics of such environment, in a way that anyone who is literate in this language can, from reading the model, get the same understanding as from the description in a natural language. In other words, the modeling language must be as rich and generative as the natural language in which the Universe of Discourse concepts are described. Several projects that focus on conceptual modeling have turned to linguistics as a support for the modeling process itself, relating natural language constructs to those of the adopted modeling language; what they all have in common is that their work is done from the perspective of the (meta)model itself. This report presents some of the aforementioned studies and proposes that the linguistic approach, invaluable as it is, should actually be applied to the modeling process from the natural language perspective.
The process of conceptual modeling involves the acquisition of concepts (and of the signs that re... more The process of conceptual modeling involves the acquisition of concepts (and of the signs that represent them) used in the Universe of Discourse (UoD) being modeled, and the creation of the model (as a concrete artifact) according to a modeling language grammar. The knowledge about the UoD is obtained from a variety of sources, all of which are mostly expressed in a natural language. It is correct to say that conceptual modeling is much similar to language translation i.e., identifying concepts that are represented by signs of a language, and then representing those same concepts in a different language. Also, the semantic quality of the resulting model (translation) is directly affected by the modeler's (translator's) understanding of the source material. As so, conceptual modeling activities can benefit from an analysis carried out from a linguistic point of view, as well as from the use of a modeling language which constructs allow for a representation that is semantically equivalent to the natural language original descriptions. This work proposes a linguistic approach to conceptual modeling based on the notion of semantic types, and on the use of OntoUML as a modeling language. The proposed approach is illustrated in an example.
Conceptual data models, as means of communication, must have semantic quality. Such quality relie... more Conceptual data models, as means of communication, must have semantic quality. Such quality relies on the model's completeness and validity in relation to the concepts it is supposed to represent. Since the modeler acquires such concepts mostly from texts created in a natural language, a semantic-oriented linguistic approach should be adopted for building unambiguous conceptualizations. Also, the chosen modeling language must offer enough constructs for the creation of a faithful representation, like OntoUML. Such languages, however, may require a learning period that modelers hardly can afford. This paper proposes a modeling method that consists of systematic steps to promote the understanding of the concepts inherent to the domain to be modeled. The method application is illustrated in an example. Additional evaluations of the proposed method included a case study, which results indicated that it makes modeling less complex by allowing for modeling choices to be dealt with within the realm of the natural language.
Anais do V Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação (SBSI 2009), 2009
Modelos conceituais semanticamente ricos são a base para a integração semântica de dados. Embora ... more Modelos conceituais semanticamente ricos são a base para a integração semântica de dados. Embora os modelos conceituais existam há mais de 30 anos, pouco foi proposto em termos de um processo para amodelagem de dados. A construção de um modelo de dados implica na aquisição dos conceitos de um universo do discurso por parte do projetista, e sua posterior transcrição em uma linguagem de modelagem; para tanto, é necessário um método. A linguagem empregada deve ter construtos suficientespara a descrição semântica dos conceitos envolvidos. Uma análise da linguagem, a partir de princípios lingüísticos que se aplicam às linguagens naturais, pode atestar sua adequação à representação de modelos conceituais. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a modelagem conceitual de dados que se baseia nos processos cognitivos humanos. A representação do modelo construído utiliza uma linguagem desenvolvida a partir de uma ontologia de fundamentação, que será, ao longo do trabalho, comparada ao conce...
Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have pa... more Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have passed since Peter Chen enunciated his Entity-Relationship Model. Methods and methodologies for the creation of conceptual models have been the subject of studies and projects which goal is to produce clearer, complete and easier-to-read models. Several methods, modeling languages and tools, have been proposed over the years, some of which aim at creating and/or reading such models automatically, which can imply a simplification that might oppose the idea of semantic accuracy and completeness. The common denominator among all proposals is that, for a conceptual model to be effective and useful, a designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Also, no matter the source of information, the knowledge about the scenario to be modeled is always passed to the designer in a natural language. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the modeling language must convey the semantics of such environment, in a way that anyone who is literate in this language can, from reading the model, get the same understanding as from the description in a natural language. In other words, the modeling language must be as rich and generative as the natural language in which the Universe of Discourse concepts are described. Several projects that focus on conceptual modeling have turned to linguistics as a support for the modeling process itself, relating natural language constructs to those of the adopted modeling language; what they all have in common is that their work is done from the perspective of the (meta)model itself. This report presents some of the aforementioned studies and proposes that the linguistic approach, invaluable as it is, should actually be applied to the modeling process from the natural language perspective.
... BAIÃO, F. ; SANTORO, FM ; IENDRICK, H ; LOPES, M ; NUNES, V . Uma abordagem de construção de ... more ... BAIÃO, F. ; SANTORO, FM ; IENDRICK, H ; LOPES, M ; NUNES, V . Uma abordagem de construção de ontologia de domínio a partir do modelo de processos ... Semantic Matching: FormalOntological Distinctions for Information Organization, Extraction, and Integration. ...
After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important ... more After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important research field, which has been recently addressed by the literature on semantic interoperability in its various forms (model integration, service interoperability, knowledge harmonization, taxonomy alignment), domain engineering and the creation of conceptual models through Natural Language Processing (NLP), to name a few. In the database conceptual design, the designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse (UoD) to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Thus, the conceptual modeling process can be seen as a translation. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the designer must represent the UoD in a generative language which constructs can convey the same concepts represented in the respective natural language. For the whole process to be effective, we argue that the adoption of modeling languages and methodologies that are based on well-founded ontological theories is required. We propose the use of a linguistic approach for conceptual modeling from natural language texts, and illustrate how it may be applied using the well-founded modeling language OntoUML.
After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important ... more After more than thirty years of its first introduction, conceptual modeling remains an important research field, which has been recently addressed by the literature on semantic interoperability in its various forms (model integration, service interoperability, knowledge harmonization, taxonomy alignment), domain engineering and the creation of conceptual models through Natural Language Processing (NLP), to name a few. In the database conceptual design, the designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse (UoD) to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Thus, the conceptual modeling process can be seen as a translation. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the designer must represent the UoD in a generative language which constructs can convey the same concepts represented in the respective natural language. For the whole process to be effective, we argue that the adoption of modeling languages and methodologies that are based on well-founded ontological theories is required. We propose the use of a linguistic approach for conceptual modeling from natural language texts, and illustrate how it may be applied using the well-founded modeling language OntoUML.
Para pensar um sistema de bate-papo a partir dos comentarios e sugestoes dos alunos de um curso d... more Para pensar um sistema de bate-papo a partir dos comentarios e sugestoes dos alunos de um curso de graduacao a distância sobre o que deveria ser um sistema de bate-papo online para o contexto educacional, buscamos, nas teorias linguisticas relacionadas a analise da conversacao, saber como as pessoas lidam com os problemas do bate-papo presencial, com o intuito de descobrir se essas solucoes poderiam ser aplicadas aos sistemas de bate-papo online. Os trabalhos e pesquisas do grupo de pesquisas a que estou ligada, o ComunicaTEC, alguns ja finalizados e outros ainda em curso, vem tratando de algumas das questoes levantadas por alunos, mesmo antes de elas terem sido formuladas, visto elas ja terem sido discutidas por outros membros do grupo em outros contextos. Neste artigo, apresento o caminho percorrido pela minha pesquisa, que mistura-se aquelas conduzidas por todos os membros do grupo.
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Enterprise Information, 2009
Business-IT alignment is gaining more importance in enterprises, and is already considered essent... more Business-IT alignment is gaining more importance in enterprises, and is already considered essential for efficiently achieving enterprise goals. This led organizations to follow Enterprise Architecture approaches, with the Information Architecture as one of its pillars. Information architecture aims at providing an integrated and holistic view of the business information, and this requires applying a data integration approach. However, despite several works on data integration research, the problem is far from being solved. The highly heterogeneous computer environments present new challenges such as distinct DBMSs, distinct data models, distinct schemas and distinct semantics, all in the same scenario. On the other hand, new issues in enterprise environment, such as the emergence of BPM and SOA approaches, contribute to a new solution for the problem. This paper presents a service-based approach for data integration, in which the services are derived from the organization's business process models. The proposed approach comprises a framework of different types of services (data services, concept services), a method for data integration service identification from process models, and a metaschema needed for the automation and customization of the proposed approach in a specific organization. We focus on handling heterogeneities with regard to different DBMSs and differences among data models, schemas and semantics.
Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have pa... more Conceptual modeling remains a relevant research topic, even though more than thirty years have passed since Peter Chen enunciated his Entity-Relationship Model. Methods and methodologies for the creation of conceptual models have been the subject of studies and projects which goal is to produce clearer, complete and easier-to-read models. Several methods, modeling languages and tools, have been proposed over the years, some of which aim at creating and/or reading such models automatically, which can imply a simplification that might oppose the idea of semantic accuracy and completeness. The common denominator among all proposals is that, for a conceptual model to be effective and useful, a designer must learn the language used in the Universe of Discourse to be modeled, along with its underlying concepts, and then represent such concepts in a modeling language. Also, no matter the source of information, the knowledge about the scenario to be modeled is always passed to the designer in a natural language. For the resulting model to be both detailed and unambiguous, the modeling language must convey the semantics of such environment, in a way that anyone who is literate in this language can, from reading the model, get the same understanding as from the description in a natural language. In other words, the modeling language must be as rich and generative as the natural language in which the Universe of Discourse concepts are described. Several projects that focus on conceptual modeling have turned to linguistics as a support for the modeling process itself, relating natural language constructs to those of the adopted modeling language; what they all have in common is that their work is done from the perspective of the (meta)model itself. This report presents some of the aforementioned studies and proposes that the linguistic approach, invaluable as it is, should actually be applied to the modeling process from the natural language perspective.
The process of conceptual modeling involves the acquisition of concepts (and of the signs that re... more The process of conceptual modeling involves the acquisition of concepts (and of the signs that represent them) used in the Universe of Discourse (UoD) being modeled, and the creation of the model (as a concrete artifact) according to a modeling language grammar. The knowledge about the UoD is obtained from a variety of sources, all of which are mostly expressed in a natural language. It is correct to say that conceptual modeling is much similar to language translation i.e., identifying concepts that are represented by signs of a language, and then representing those same concepts in a different language. Also, the semantic quality of the resulting model (translation) is directly affected by the modeler's (translator's) understanding of the source material. As so, conceptual modeling activities can benefit from an analysis carried out from a linguistic point of view, as well as from the use of a modeling language which constructs allow for a representation that is semantically equivalent to the natural language original descriptions. This work proposes a linguistic approach to conceptual modeling based on the notion of semantic types, and on the use of OntoUML as a modeling language. The proposed approach is illustrated in an example.
Conceptual data models, as means of communication, must have semantic quality. Such quality relie... more Conceptual data models, as means of communication, must have semantic quality. Such quality relies on the model's completeness and validity in relation to the concepts it is supposed to represent. Since the modeler acquires such concepts mostly from texts created in a natural language, a semantic-oriented linguistic approach should be adopted for building unambiguous conceptualizations. Also, the chosen modeling language must offer enough constructs for the creation of a faithful representation, like OntoUML. Such languages, however, may require a learning period that modelers hardly can afford. This paper proposes a modeling method that consists of systematic steps to promote the understanding of the concepts inherent to the domain to be modeled. The method application is illustrated in an example. Additional evaluations of the proposed method included a case study, which results indicated that it makes modeling less complex by allowing for modeling choices to be dealt with within the realm of the natural language.
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