Several authors have reported low folate intake in patients with eating disorders (ED). This vita... more Several authors have reported low folate intake in patients with eating disorders (ED). This vitamin plays an essential role in synthesis reactions for neurotransmitters and structural elements of neurons, and therefore its deficiency has been associated with the presence of different disorders linked to mental function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid supplementation on homocysteine levels and the cognitive and depressive status of a group of patients with eating disorders with low folate intake. The study was designed as a randomised, prospective clinical trial, which included 24 participants assigned to two treatment groups for six months: supplemented group (SG) (10 mg/day of folic acid [ACFOL]) and a placebo group (PG). Both groups maintained their medical, dietary and psychological treatment. At baseline and end of the intervention, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical parameters (plasma homocysteine [Hcy], serum and red blood cell folate) we...
Unfavorable lipid profile is associated with developed cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary t... more Unfavorable lipid profile is associated with developed cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to know the beneficial effects of different mode exercises to improve lipid profile. To investigate, in obese men and women, the effect on lipid profile of hypocaloric diet combined with structured exercise programs or recommendations of physical activity. Ninety six obese subjects (59 women and 61 men; 18 - 50 years; BMI >30 and < 34.9 kg/m(2)) were randomised into four supervised treatment groups: strength training (S; n = 24), endurance training (E; n = 26), combined S + E (SE; n = 24), and and received recommendations of physical activity (PA; n = 22). Energy intake, body composition, training variables (VO(2peak), strength index, dynamometric strength index) and blood lipid profile were recorded at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. Blood lipid profile improved in all groups. No statistically significant differences in baseline and posttraining values were observed betwe...
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, ... more The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, in combination with a hypocaloric diet, on anthropometric variables and body composition in obese subjects. Ninety six obese (men=48; women =48; age range 18-50 years) participated in a supervised 22 week program. They were randomized into four groups: strength training (S, n=24), endurance training (E, n=26), combined strength + endurance training (SE, n=24), and physical activity recommendations (C, n=22). In addition, all groups followed the same hypocaloric diet. At baseline and at end of the intervention, dietetic and physical activity variables were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric variables were recorded along with body composition variables measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. At the end of the intervention, significant improvements were seen within groups in terms of body weight (S: -9.21±0.83 kg; E: -10.55±0.80 kg; SE: -9.88±0.85 kg; C: -8.69±0.89 kg), and total fat mass (S: -5.24±0.55%; E: -5.35±0.55%; SE: -4.85±0.56%; C: -4.89±0.59%). No differences were seen between groups at this time in terms of any other anthropometric or body composition variables examined. All groups increased their total physical activity per week during the intervention, but with no difference between groups (S: 976±367 MET-min/week; E: 954±355 MET-min/week; SE: 1 329±345 MET-min/week; C: 763±410 MET-min/week). This study shows that, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, exercise training and the following of physical activity recommendations are equally effective at reducing body weight and modifying body composition in the treatment of obesity (Clinical Trials Gov. number: NCT01116856).
Nutrition and cancer III 145 +30 and +100 after alloHCT. We evaluated age, sex, BMI, Karnofsky in... more Nutrition and cancer III 145 +30 and +100 after alloHCT. We evaluated age, sex, BMI, Karnofsky index, body fat mass, season, sun exposure habits, and dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake as factors potentially influencing baseline vitamin D status in uni-and multivariate linear regression analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of changes in fat mass, duration of parenteral nutrition, and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) on the course of serum 25(OH)D 3 . Results: The patients with a mean age of 56y had baseline 25(OH)D 3 concentrations of 16.4±8.9 ng/ml, revealing that the majority (89%) had concentrations beneath the normal range (30 70 ng/ml). In multivariate linear regression model, only higher body fat mass was identified as an independent risk factor for reduced baseline 25(OH)D 3 concentrations (P = 0.009). In the early post-transplant period, 25(OH)D 3 status remained low, revealing a tendency to further deterioration, especially in patients with corticosteroid-treated aGVHD ( ºII). Conclusion: Reduced vitamin D status is very common in adult patients before and after alloHCT, whereby the most important influencing factors, namely season and dietary factors seem to have little impact. Moreover, since hypovitaminosis D often remains undetected and thus untreated, we conclude that routine vitamin D supplementation in patients undergoing alloHCT may prove to be a beneficial measure.
The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of two strategies designed to improve folate sta... more The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of two strategies designed to improve folate status: increasing the intake of vegetables, and the consumption of a folic acid-fortified food. Residents (126) from three old people's homes in the Madrid region (Spain) were studied. To each centre a dietary intervention was assigned to be followed for 6 months: (1) the consumption of margarine fortified with 200 mg folic acid/10 g portion (centre M), (2) increasing the consumption of vegetables to three servings per day (centre V), (3) control (centre C). At the beginning and end of the intervention period the subjects' intakes, serum and erythrocyte concentrations of folate were measured. The use of fortified margarine (centre M) led to a significant increase in folate intake (260·9 mg/d), serum concentration (10·3 (SD 8·3) nmol/l) and erythrocyte concentration (638·4 nmol/l). At centre V the increase in total vegetable intake achieved was very poor; these foods met with very poor acceptance, although the intake of certain vegetables particularly rich in folate improved. Therefore, the intake of this vitamin increased a little (26·7 (SD 33·0) mg/d); erythrocyte folate concentration also increased somewhat (460·5 nmol/l), althought less than centre M. The daily consumption of margarine fortified with folic acid was the more effective strategy for improving the folate status of the study subjects.
The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (2... more The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (20-35 years) according to their initial vitamin D status. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: Diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased, or Diet C, in which the relative consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks after dividing the women into groups depending on their having an initial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of ,50 nmol/l (LD) or $50 nmol/l (HD). Dietary intervention led to a reduction in energy intake, body weight and BMI in all groups. The HD women showed greater body fat losses during the study than the LD women (1·7 (SD 1·8) kg compared to 0·5 (SD 0·8) kg). A better vitamin D status therefore aided the loss of body fat over the experimental period (OR 0·462; CI 0·271, 0·785; P, 0·001). However, when the dietary groups were analysed separately, this effect was only seen in the C subjects (OR 0·300; CI 0·121, 0·748; P,0·001). The present results suggest that women with a better vitamin D status respond more positively to hypocaloric diets and lose more body fat; this was especially clear among the C subjects who had a greater vitamin D supply during the experimental period.
Objective: To determine the difference in the nutritional status of elderly people depending on t... more Objective: To determine the difference in the nutritional status of elderly people depending on their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and to study the possible association between the consumption of these foods and different cardiovascular risk factors, especially total plasma homocysteine (t-Hcys) levels. Design, setting and subjects: A cross-sectional study in 152 institutionalised older people from Madrid aged $ 65 years. Food and nutrient intakes were recorded over 7 days using the 'precise individual weighing' method. The weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded, as were their a-erythrocyte glutathione reductase, serum B 6 , B 12 and folate levels, erythrocyte folate levels, t-Hcys levels, serum lipids and blood pressure. The experimental population was then divided into tertiles depending on the serving intake of fruit and vegetables (T1, , 2.29 servings day 21 ; T2, 2.29-2.79 servings day 21 ; and T3, .2.79 servings day 21 ). Results: Compared with T1 subjects, T3 subjects showed consumptions of cereals, pulses, meat, fish and eggs closer to those recommended (P , 0.05). In addition, the contribution of their diet towards covering the recommended daily intake of vitamin B 1 , niacin, vitamin B 6 , folic acid, vitamin C, B 12 , vitamin A, and P, Mg, Zn and Fe was higher. The intake of fibre increased with consumption of fruit and vegetables (r ¼ 0.6839, P , 0.001). T3 subjects also had better serum and erythrocyte folate levels than T1 and T2 subjects (P , 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and serum folate (r ¼ 0.2665, P , 0.01) and with erythrocyte folate levels (r ¼ 0.2034, P , 0.05), and a negative correlation with t-Hcys (r ¼ 2 0.2493, P , 0.01). Conclusions: Greater consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with better food habits, increased vitamin and mineral intakes and lower t-Hcys levels. Considering that the fruit and vegetable intake in Spanish elderly people is very low, it is recommended that the consumption of fruits and vegetables by elderly people be increased.
Objective: To analyse changes in the sensation of hunger and the sensation of well-being of young... more Objective: To analyse changes in the sensation of hunger and the sensation of well-being of young overweight/obese women following two hypoenergetic diets. Design, setting and subjects: Fifty-seven women (BMI 5 24-35 kg/m 2 ) were randomly assigned to one of two hypoenergetic diets: diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased; or diet C, in which the consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic and anthropometric data and an evaluation of the sensation of hunger and well-being were collected at the start and end of the study, 6 weeks later. Results: The diets led to a reduction in weight and BMI in both groups. The sensation of hunger at the end of meals was higher at the end of the study than at the start in both groups. At 6 weeks, the sensation of well-being after breakfast, morning snack and lunch, as well as the mean sensation of well-being after all meals, was greater in diet C. Compared with that recorded at the beginning of the study, the capacity to experience satiety at the end of meals also increased with diet C, as did the capacity to experience well-being at 6 weeks (for breakfast, lunch, dinner and for the mean for all meals). This capacity to experience well-being was also greater in diet C than in diet V with respect to the mid-morning snack and lunch. Conclusion: The more positive results obtained with diet C may contribute to the increased weight loss seen in that group and their lower withdrawal rate. Keywords Sensation of hunger Sensation of well-being Cereals Vegetables Dietary intervention Women 1. Female sex. 2. Age between 20 and 35 years. 3. BMI between 24 and 35 kg/m 2 . 4. In the case of ex-smokers, not having quit in the previous two months. 5. To be free of all diseases that might interfere with the results, such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism or other
This study was conducted to determine how the follow-up of 2 different energy-restricted (hypocal... more This study was conducted to determine how the follow-up of 2 different energy-restricted (hypocaloric) diets, based on approximating the diet to its theoretical ideal, influences cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein, serum triacylglycerol and homocysteine, and serum high-density lipoprotein. Fifty-seven young overweight or obese women were randomly assigned to one of 2 different weight-control programs designed to approximate the diet to the theoretical ideal. Twentyeight women were assigned to the vegetable (V) group; this group was characterized by a relatively increased consumption of vegetables. Twenty-nine women were assigned to the cereal (C) group, which was characterized by a relatively increased consumption of cereals. Dietetic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected at the outset of the study and again 2 and 6 weeks into the program in both groups. Both interventions resulted in a significant improvement in warning parameters of obesity (weight, body mass index, and waist/hip ratio), total serum cholesterol, and homocysteine at the end of the study. Plasma homocysteine levels fell by 14.9 ± 13.6% in the group C subjects and by 8.8 ± 14.0% in the group V subjects after 6 weeks. This may have been due to an increase in the intake and serum levels of vitamin B 6 and folate in both groups. At the end of the intervention, the V group exhibited a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Group C subjects showed a reduction in diastolic blood pressure at this time. The results suggest that both hypocaloric diets with a relative increase in the consumption of vegetables or cereals were effective in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2009
The aim of this study was to analyse the thiamine status in a group of young, overweight/obese wo... more The aim of this study was to analyse the thiamine status in a group of young, overweight/obese women and to analyse the changes in this status produced by two weight-control programmes based on approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal, increasing the relative consumption of vegetables (V) or cereals (C) (especially breakfast cereals). The study subjects were 57 Spanish women with a body mass index (BMI) of 24-35 kg/m(2), all of whom were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the beginning of the study and at 2 and 6 weeks. C and V subjects showed a reduction in their energy intake, body weight and BMI, both at 2 and 6 weeks. Thiamine intake and blood thiamine levels only increased with diet C (both at 2 and 6 weeks). 21.8% cf the women, 21.8% had blood thiamine levels &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;150 nmol/L at the beginning of the study, but at 6 weeks of intervention only 3.7% of the women in diet C, as compared with 30.8% of the women in diet V, showed blood thiamine levels &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;150 nmol/L. Although both diet C and diet V induced weight loss and a reduction in BMI, diet C would appear to be more useful in the maintenance of an adequate thiamine status.
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2009
Obesity has been linked with poorer vitamin D status. The aim of this work was to analyze the cha... more Obesity has been linked with poorer vitamin D status. The aim of this work was to analyze the changes in vitamin D status and body weight of 61 young, overweight/obese women following two different weight control programs. The study subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: diet V, in which the consumption of greens and vegetables was increased, or diet C, in which the consumption of cereals (some of which were enriched with vitamin D) was increased. Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and at 2 weeks. At the beginning of the study, when taking into account only those women with a vitamin D intake below that recommended, obese women had a significantly lower mean serum 25(OH)D concentration than those who were lighter. Dietary intervention led to a greater reduction in energy intake among group C subjects; their weight was also that which was most reduced. In addition, the vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D values were increased only in group C women. Excess body weight was associated with deterioration in vitamin D status, especially when the intake of this vitamin was lower than that recommended. Subjects with higher serum vitamin D at the beginning of the study lost more weight than those subjects with lower initial values. Diet C was associated with a greater weight loss than diet V, and led to a greater increase in vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels. This might be of interest in the improvement of health in people trying to lose weight.
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2006
This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suff... more This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;precise individual weighing&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; CI: 1.1-9.3, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; CI: 0.01-0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 183 mg/day (P95) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Subjects who consumed &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 3290 microg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; CI: 0.007-1.084; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than those whose consumption was &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 256 microg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; CI: 0.91-0.99; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and P... more Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and PTH (p = 0.048; r = 0.130). Conclusion: In summary, the present study demonstrates a negative association between the concentration of 25(OH)D 3 and abdominal obesity indicating the role of vitamin D on the main risk factor for several chronic diseases.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and P... more Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and PTH (p = 0.048; r = 0.130). Conclusion: In summary, the present study demonstrates a negative association between the concentration of 25(OH)D 3 and abdominal obesity indicating the role of vitamin D on the main risk factor for several chronic diseases.
Background & aims: Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic... more Background & aims: Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet. Methods: 119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18e50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training (S; n ¼ 30), endurance training (E; n ¼ 30), combined S þ E (SE; n ¼ 30), and a diet and physical activity recommendations group (D; n ¼ 29). Energy intake, anthropometric variables (AV), training variables (VO 2peak , strength index, dynamometric strength index [DSI]) and plasma IM were recorded at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment. Results: 84 participants completed the study. At 22 weeks, all groups showed a significantly reduced energy intake (P < 0.001) and improved AV (P < 0.001). VO 2peak significantly increased in all groups (P < 0.01). DSI increased in the exercise groups only (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin fell significantly (P < 0.001) in the S and E groups, but not significantly in the SE group (P ¼ 0.029) (no significant differences between these groups). Tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations decreased in all groups when examined together, but not when examined separately. No significant differences were seen in interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conclusions: Combining strength or endurance training with a hypocaloric diet improved AV and reduced plasma leptin concentrations. No differences were seen between groups in terms of TNF-a, IL-6 or CRP reduction. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01116856. http://clinicaltrials.gov/. (C. Gómez-Candela). c on behalf of the PRONAF Study group. d Tel.: þ34 91 727 7203; fax: þ34 91 727 70 50. e Tel.: þ34 91 336 4070; fax: þ34 91 336 4126.
BACKGROUND: At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesit... more BACKGROUND: At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study.\n\nMETHODS/DESIGN: One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29-34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14-20% from protein, and 50-55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%).\n\nDISCUSSION: Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications.\n\nTRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
Several authors have reported low folate intake in patients with eating disorders (ED). This vita... more Several authors have reported low folate intake in patients with eating disorders (ED). This vitamin plays an essential role in synthesis reactions for neurotransmitters and structural elements of neurons, and therefore its deficiency has been associated with the presence of different disorders linked to mental function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid supplementation on homocysteine levels and the cognitive and depressive status of a group of patients with eating disorders with low folate intake. The study was designed as a randomised, prospective clinical trial, which included 24 participants assigned to two treatment groups for six months: supplemented group (SG) (10 mg/day of folic acid [ACFOL]) and a placebo group (PG). Both groups maintained their medical, dietary and psychological treatment. At baseline and end of the intervention, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical parameters (plasma homocysteine [Hcy], serum and red blood cell folate) we...
Unfavorable lipid profile is associated with developed cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary t... more Unfavorable lipid profile is associated with developed cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to know the beneficial effects of different mode exercises to improve lipid profile. To investigate, in obese men and women, the effect on lipid profile of hypocaloric diet combined with structured exercise programs or recommendations of physical activity. Ninety six obese subjects (59 women and 61 men; 18 - 50 years; BMI >30 and < 34.9 kg/m(2)) were randomised into four supervised treatment groups: strength training (S; n = 24), endurance training (E; n = 26), combined S + E (SE; n = 24), and and received recommendations of physical activity (PA; n = 22). Energy intake, body composition, training variables (VO(2peak), strength index, dynamometric strength index) and blood lipid profile were recorded at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. Blood lipid profile improved in all groups. No statistically significant differences in baseline and posttraining values were observed betwe...
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, ... more The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of different physical activity programs, in combination with a hypocaloric diet, on anthropometric variables and body composition in obese subjects. Ninety six obese (men=48; women =48; age range 18-50 years) participated in a supervised 22 week program. They were randomized into four groups: strength training (S, n=24), endurance training (E, n=26), combined strength + endurance training (SE, n=24), and physical activity recommendations (C, n=22). In addition, all groups followed the same hypocaloric diet. At baseline and at end of the intervention, dietetic and physical activity variables were assessed using validated questionnaires. Anthropometric variables were recorded along with body composition variables measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques. At the end of the intervention, significant improvements were seen within groups in terms of body weight (S: -9.21±0.83 kg; E: -10.55±0.80 kg; SE: -9.88±0.85 kg; C: -8.69±0.89 kg), and total fat mass (S: -5.24±0.55%; E: -5.35±0.55%; SE: -4.85±0.56%; C: -4.89±0.59%). No differences were seen between groups at this time in terms of any other anthropometric or body composition variables examined. All groups increased their total physical activity per week during the intervention, but with no difference between groups (S: 976±367 MET-min/week; E: 954±355 MET-min/week; SE: 1 329±345 MET-min/week; C: 763±410 MET-min/week). This study shows that, when combined with a hypocaloric diet, exercise training and the following of physical activity recommendations are equally effective at reducing body weight and modifying body composition in the treatment of obesity (Clinical Trials Gov. number: NCT01116856).
Nutrition and cancer III 145 +30 and +100 after alloHCT. We evaluated age, sex, BMI, Karnofsky in... more Nutrition and cancer III 145 +30 and +100 after alloHCT. We evaluated age, sex, BMI, Karnofsky index, body fat mass, season, sun exposure habits, and dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake as factors potentially influencing baseline vitamin D status in uni-and multivariate linear regression analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of changes in fat mass, duration of parenteral nutrition, and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) on the course of serum 25(OH)D 3 . Results: The patients with a mean age of 56y had baseline 25(OH)D 3 concentrations of 16.4±8.9 ng/ml, revealing that the majority (89%) had concentrations beneath the normal range (30 70 ng/ml). In multivariate linear regression model, only higher body fat mass was identified as an independent risk factor for reduced baseline 25(OH)D 3 concentrations (P = 0.009). In the early post-transplant period, 25(OH)D 3 status remained low, revealing a tendency to further deterioration, especially in patients with corticosteroid-treated aGVHD ( ºII). Conclusion: Reduced vitamin D status is very common in adult patients before and after alloHCT, whereby the most important influencing factors, namely season and dietary factors seem to have little impact. Moreover, since hypovitaminosis D often remains undetected and thus untreated, we conclude that routine vitamin D supplementation in patients undergoing alloHCT may prove to be a beneficial measure.
The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of two strategies designed to improve folate sta... more The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of two strategies designed to improve folate status: increasing the intake of vegetables, and the consumption of a folic acid-fortified food. Residents (126) from three old people's homes in the Madrid region (Spain) were studied. To each centre a dietary intervention was assigned to be followed for 6 months: (1) the consumption of margarine fortified with 200 mg folic acid/10 g portion (centre M), (2) increasing the consumption of vegetables to three servings per day (centre V), (3) control (centre C). At the beginning and end of the intervention period the subjects' intakes, serum and erythrocyte concentrations of folate were measured. The use of fortified margarine (centre M) led to a significant increase in folate intake (260·9 mg/d), serum concentration (10·3 (SD 8·3) nmol/l) and erythrocyte concentration (638·4 nmol/l). At centre V the increase in total vegetable intake achieved was very poor; these foods met with very poor acceptance, although the intake of certain vegetables particularly rich in folate improved. Therefore, the intake of this vitamin increased a little (26·7 (SD 33·0) mg/d); erythrocyte folate concentration also increased somewhat (460·5 nmol/l), althought less than centre M. The daily consumption of margarine fortified with folic acid was the more effective strategy for improving the folate status of the study subjects.
The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (2... more The loss of weight was analysed in a group of sixty overweight/obese women of childbearing age (20-35 years) according to their initial vitamin D status. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: Diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased, or Diet C, in which the relative consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and again at 2 weeks after dividing the women into groups depending on their having an initial serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of ,50 nmol/l (LD) or $50 nmol/l (HD). Dietary intervention led to a reduction in energy intake, body weight and BMI in all groups. The HD women showed greater body fat losses during the study than the LD women (1·7 (SD 1·8) kg compared to 0·5 (SD 0·8) kg). A better vitamin D status therefore aided the loss of body fat over the experimental period (OR 0·462; CI 0·271, 0·785; P, 0·001). However, when the dietary groups were analysed separately, this effect was only seen in the C subjects (OR 0·300; CI 0·121, 0·748; P,0·001). The present results suggest that women with a better vitamin D status respond more positively to hypocaloric diets and lose more body fat; this was especially clear among the C subjects who had a greater vitamin D supply during the experimental period.
Objective: To determine the difference in the nutritional status of elderly people depending on t... more Objective: To determine the difference in the nutritional status of elderly people depending on their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and to study the possible association between the consumption of these foods and different cardiovascular risk factors, especially total plasma homocysteine (t-Hcys) levels. Design, setting and subjects: A cross-sectional study in 152 institutionalised older people from Madrid aged $ 65 years. Food and nutrient intakes were recorded over 7 days using the 'precise individual weighing' method. The weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences of all subjects were recorded, as were their a-erythrocyte glutathione reductase, serum B 6 , B 12 and folate levels, erythrocyte folate levels, t-Hcys levels, serum lipids and blood pressure. The experimental population was then divided into tertiles depending on the serving intake of fruit and vegetables (T1, , 2.29 servings day 21 ; T2, 2.29-2.79 servings day 21 ; and T3, .2.79 servings day 21 ). Results: Compared with T1 subjects, T3 subjects showed consumptions of cereals, pulses, meat, fish and eggs closer to those recommended (P , 0.05). In addition, the contribution of their diet towards covering the recommended daily intake of vitamin B 1 , niacin, vitamin B 6 , folic acid, vitamin C, B 12 , vitamin A, and P, Mg, Zn and Fe was higher. The intake of fibre increased with consumption of fruit and vegetables (r ¼ 0.6839, P , 0.001). T3 subjects also had better serum and erythrocyte folate levels than T1 and T2 subjects (P , 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and serum folate (r ¼ 0.2665, P , 0.01) and with erythrocyte folate levels (r ¼ 0.2034, P , 0.05), and a negative correlation with t-Hcys (r ¼ 2 0.2493, P , 0.01). Conclusions: Greater consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with better food habits, increased vitamin and mineral intakes and lower t-Hcys levels. Considering that the fruit and vegetable intake in Spanish elderly people is very low, it is recommended that the consumption of fruits and vegetables by elderly people be increased.
Objective: To analyse changes in the sensation of hunger and the sensation of well-being of young... more Objective: To analyse changes in the sensation of hunger and the sensation of well-being of young overweight/obese women following two hypoenergetic diets. Design, setting and subjects: Fifty-seven women (BMI 5 24-35 kg/m 2 ) were randomly assigned to one of two hypoenergetic diets: diet V, in which the consumption of vegetables was increased; or diet C, in which the consumption of cereals (especially breakfast cereals) was increased. Dietetic and anthropometric data and an evaluation of the sensation of hunger and well-being were collected at the start and end of the study, 6 weeks later. Results: The diets led to a reduction in weight and BMI in both groups. The sensation of hunger at the end of meals was higher at the end of the study than at the start in both groups. At 6 weeks, the sensation of well-being after breakfast, morning snack and lunch, as well as the mean sensation of well-being after all meals, was greater in diet C. Compared with that recorded at the beginning of the study, the capacity to experience satiety at the end of meals also increased with diet C, as did the capacity to experience well-being at 6 weeks (for breakfast, lunch, dinner and for the mean for all meals). This capacity to experience well-being was also greater in diet C than in diet V with respect to the mid-morning snack and lunch. Conclusion: The more positive results obtained with diet C may contribute to the increased weight loss seen in that group and their lower withdrawal rate. Keywords Sensation of hunger Sensation of well-being Cereals Vegetables Dietary intervention Women 1. Female sex. 2. Age between 20 and 35 years. 3. BMI between 24 and 35 kg/m 2 . 4. In the case of ex-smokers, not having quit in the previous two months. 5. To be free of all diseases that might interfere with the results, such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism or other
This study was conducted to determine how the follow-up of 2 different energy-restricted (hypocal... more This study was conducted to determine how the follow-up of 2 different energy-restricted (hypocaloric) diets, based on approximating the diet to its theoretical ideal, influences cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein, serum triacylglycerol and homocysteine, and serum high-density lipoprotein. Fifty-seven young overweight or obese women were randomly assigned to one of 2 different weight-control programs designed to approximate the diet to the theoretical ideal. Twentyeight women were assigned to the vegetable (V) group; this group was characterized by a relatively increased consumption of vegetables. Twenty-nine women were assigned to the cereal (C) group, which was characterized by a relatively increased consumption of cereals. Dietetic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected at the outset of the study and again 2 and 6 weeks into the program in both groups. Both interventions resulted in a significant improvement in warning parameters of obesity (weight, body mass index, and waist/hip ratio), total serum cholesterol, and homocysteine at the end of the study. Plasma homocysteine levels fell by 14.9 ± 13.6% in the group C subjects and by 8.8 ± 14.0% in the group V subjects after 6 weeks. This may have been due to an increase in the intake and serum levels of vitamin B 6 and folate in both groups. At the end of the intervention, the V group exhibited a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Group C subjects showed a reduction in diastolic blood pressure at this time. The results suggest that both hypocaloric diets with a relative increase in the consumption of vegetables or cereals were effective in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women.
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2009
The aim of this study was to analyse the thiamine status in a group of young, overweight/obese wo... more The aim of this study was to analyse the thiamine status in a group of young, overweight/obese women and to analyse the changes in this status produced by two weight-control programmes based on approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal, increasing the relative consumption of vegetables (V) or cereals (C) (especially breakfast cereals). The study subjects were 57 Spanish women with a body mass index (BMI) of 24-35 kg/m(2), all of whom were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets. Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the beginning of the study and at 2 and 6 weeks. C and V subjects showed a reduction in their energy intake, body weight and BMI, both at 2 and 6 weeks. Thiamine intake and blood thiamine levels only increased with diet C (both at 2 and 6 weeks). 21.8% cf the women, 21.8% had blood thiamine levels &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;150 nmol/L at the beginning of the study, but at 6 weeks of intervention only 3.7% of the women in diet C, as compared with 30.8% of the women in diet V, showed blood thiamine levels &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;150 nmol/L. Although both diet C and diet V induced weight loss and a reduction in BMI, diet C would appear to be more useful in the maintenance of an adequate thiamine status.
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2009
Obesity has been linked with poorer vitamin D status. The aim of this work was to analyze the cha... more Obesity has been linked with poorer vitamin D status. The aim of this work was to analyze the changes in vitamin D status and body weight of 61 young, overweight/obese women following two different weight control programs. The study subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: diet V, in which the consumption of greens and vegetables was increased, or diet C, in which the consumption of cereals (some of which were enriched with vitamin D) was increased. Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and at 2 weeks. At the beginning of the study, when taking into account only those women with a vitamin D intake below that recommended, obese women had a significantly lower mean serum 25(OH)D concentration than those who were lighter. Dietary intervention led to a greater reduction in energy intake among group C subjects; their weight was also that which was most reduced. In addition, the vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D values were increased only in group C women. Excess body weight was associated with deterioration in vitamin D status, especially when the intake of this vitamin was lower than that recommended. Subjects with higher serum vitamin D at the beginning of the study lost more weight than those subjects with lower initial values. Diet C was associated with a greater weight loss than diet V, and led to a greater increase in vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels. This might be of interest in the improvement of health in people trying to lose weight.
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 2006
This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suff... more This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; or = 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;precise individual weighing&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; CI: 1.1-9.3, P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; CI: 0.01-0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 183 mg/day (P95) (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Subjects who consumed &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 3290 microg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; CI: 0.007-1.084; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) than those whose consumption was &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 256 microg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; CI: 0.91-0.99; p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and P... more Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and PTH (p = 0.048; r = 0.130). Conclusion: In summary, the present study demonstrates a negative association between the concentration of 25(OH)D 3 and abdominal obesity indicating the role of vitamin D on the main risk factor for several chronic diseases.
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and P... more Obesity and the metabolic syndrome II 193 negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D and PTH (p = 0.048; r = 0.130). Conclusion: In summary, the present study demonstrates a negative association between the concentration of 25(OH)D 3 and abdominal obesity indicating the role of vitamin D on the main risk factor for several chronic diseases.
Background & aims: Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic... more Background & aims: Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet. Methods: 119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18e50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training (S; n ¼ 30), endurance training (E; n ¼ 30), combined S þ E (SE; n ¼ 30), and a diet and physical activity recommendations group (D; n ¼ 29). Energy intake, anthropometric variables (AV), training variables (VO 2peak , strength index, dynamometric strength index [DSI]) and plasma IM were recorded at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment. Results: 84 participants completed the study. At 22 weeks, all groups showed a significantly reduced energy intake (P < 0.001) and improved AV (P < 0.001). VO 2peak significantly increased in all groups (P < 0.01). DSI increased in the exercise groups only (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin fell significantly (P < 0.001) in the S and E groups, but not significantly in the SE group (P ¼ 0.029) (no significant differences between these groups). Tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations decreased in all groups when examined together, but not when examined separately. No significant differences were seen in interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conclusions: Combining strength or endurance training with a hypocaloric diet improved AV and reduced plasma leptin concentrations. No differences were seen between groups in terms of TNF-a, IL-6 or CRP reduction. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01116856. http://clinicaltrials.gov/. (C. Gómez-Candela). c on behalf of the PRONAF Study group. d Tel.: þ34 91 727 7203; fax: þ34 91 727 70 50. e Tel.: þ34 91 336 4070; fax: þ34 91 336 4126.
BACKGROUND: At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesit... more BACKGROUND: At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study.\n\nMETHODS/DESIGN: One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29-34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14-20% from protein, and 50-55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%).\n\nDISCUSSION: Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications.\n\nTRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
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