Papers by Luigi Campanella
The aim of this study is to investigate if an inappropriate drug package could cause any signific... more The aim of this study is to investigate if an inappropriate drug package could cause any significant degradation of the active ingredient. As indicated in the European Pharmacopoeia [1], a drug should be opportunely protected from light exposure because it can lead to a reduction of concentration of the active ingredient with a consequent loss of its pharmaceutical efficiency. Furthermore, photodegradation products could be more toxic than the starting reagents not only for humans, but also for flora and fauna present in the environment. Pursuing the ICH guidelines, photostability tests were performed on three commercial Italian products (Voltaren 50, Prostide and Momendol) in order to evaluate the efficiency of marketing package and blister package in protecting from photodegradation processes drugs contained therein. For this purpose a special lamp reproducing the sunlight was used to irradiate the drugs in solid dosage form (tablets inside the blister pack, without package and in dust form) and the concentration of pharmaceutical active substances was analysed by a HPLC method.
Solar radiation is known to be responsible for the photodegradation of materials including works ... more Solar radiation is known to be responsible for the photodegradation of materials including works of art and artefacts in the outdoor environment. Paper is one of the most light sensitive materials, because light can cause its darkening and fading. Damage goes beyond visual alteration by attacking the physical structure of paper, causing weakening and embrittlement. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is hazardous and its damage is cumulative. Such effect can also occur in shaded rooms, due to the combined action of artificial and natural light sources. Thus, a better knowledge of UV radiation effect on paper would help both cultural heritage and paper manufacturing techniques. The present pilot study aims to analyse spectral absorbance changes in paper sheets exposed to ambient solar radiation in Rome during a field campaign held in July 2006. Ambient solar UV doses were recorded by means of spectral and broad band instruments. Results show that the absorbance changes were significant at wavelengths below 400 nm and that photodegradation proceeded faster during the first hours of exposure. A multivariate analysis taking into account wavelengths between 290 and 325 nm, paper sheets absorbance changes and the corresponding absorbed doses is carried out and preliminary results are presented. Possible archeometric applications are also proposed.
The intrinsic photostability characteristics of pharmaceutical active substances and medicinal pr... more The intrinsic photostability characteristics of pharmaceutical active substances and medicinal products should be evaluated to demonstrate that, as appropriate, light exposure does not result in unacceptable change. The photostability of Finasteride, Diclofenac and Naproxen was studied. The irradiation of the samples was performed according to the conditions suggested by the ICH Guidelines [1] for photostability testing by using a special lamp that reproduces the natural sunlight. The exposition of substances was carried out both as active pharmaceutical ingredients, dissolved in suited solvents, than as solid dosage forms. The concentration of the pharmaceutical active substances was monitored by HPLC. A residual concentration value of 57% of Finasteride, after 90 hours of exposition at 600 W/m 2 of light power, was still present, versus a residual value of just 12% for Diclofenac and 9% for Naproxen measured at the same time.
Already full professor of Analytical Chemistry. Actually engaged in the field of Environmental Ch... more Already full professor of Analytical Chemistry. Actually engaged in the field of Environmental Chemistry, Toxicological Analytical Chemistry and Biosensors. In the past other fields of interest: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Food Analysis, Bioindicators, Cultural Heritage and diffusion of Scientific Culture. Author of three books of Analytical Applied Chemistry, of more than 400 papers in the preferred research topics and of three patents.
Two enzymatic methods for dating cellulosic materials were set up and tested on both real and art... more Two enzymatic methods for dating cellulosic materials were set up and tested on both real and artificially aged matrices. Performances were compared with particular attention paid to the uncertainties of the evaluation. So by applying the propagation rules we compared the two methods concluding about which one of the two considered is more reproducible, so that the uncertainty range is narrower.
Analytical determination of organic load (the whole organic substance present in water as dissolv... more Analytical determination of organic load (the whole organic substance present in water as dissolved or/and in suspension form) in aqueous matrices is of continuously increasing interest in environmental chemistry. The most used indexes are BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon); various normative and analytical line guides have been elaborated to determine these indexes [1]. TOC is a measure of organic compounds present as dissolved, not-dissolved, or suspended in water. Also this measure is a typical "alarm test" in water matrix. Its determination has been considered as a marker of water purity and it is characterised, if compared to COD and BOD analysis, by a higher selectivity because
Journal of xenobiotics, Dec 21, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Microchemical Journal, 2016
Abstract The results of the simultaneous application of thermogravimetry and chemometrics, which ... more Abstract The results of the simultaneous application of thermogravimetry and chemometrics, which allowed differentiating, quickly and inexpensively, finds of very ancient human fossil bones (~ 6000 BC), from less ancient ones (some hundreds of years before and after Christ) are here shown. The main purpose of the present research was to highlight if the selection of one or another anatomical part of a fossil skeleton could influence the differentiation of the antiquity of bone finds provided by the chemometric–thermogravimetric approach. The results obtained have shown that the variability related to the selection of one or another anatomical part of the skeleton is practically irrelevant, if compared to that related to the ancientness of the skeleton investigated.
Sensors and Microsystems - Proceedings of the 12th Italian Conference, 2008
Annali di chimica, 2002
An integral toxicity test, based on an algal biosensor and suitable to be used in sea water, is p... more An integral toxicity test, based on an algal biosensor and suitable to be used in sea water, is presented. The biosensor was designed and built by coupling a Clark oxygen electrode as transducer and the marine alga Spirulina subsalsa as biological mediator; it constitutes the "core" in a lab-scale prototype of a flow apparatus suitable to continuously monitor, in sea water, the photosynthetic activity of the alga and, from its variation, the marine pollution from the toxicological point of view. Inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) were tested in previous researches while organic ones (chlorophenols, pesticides and surfactants) are the object of the present paper.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, Jan 10, 2014
The anti-penicillin G was conjugated to avidin-peroxidase and biotin to obtain immunogen and comp... more The anti-penicillin G was conjugated to avidin-peroxidase and biotin to obtain immunogen and competitor which were then used to develop a competitive immunosensor assay for the detection of penicillin G and other β-lactam antibiotics, with Kaff values of the order of 10(8)M(-1). The new immunosensor appears to afford a number of advantages in terms of sensitivity, possibility of "in situ" analysis, but especially of simplicity and lower costs, compared with other existing devices, or different chemical instrumental methods reported in the literature and used for the analysis of β-lactam compounds. Satisfactory results were found in the analysis of real matrixes and good recoveries were obtained by applying the standard addition method to spiked milk, urine, serum and drug samples. The new device uses an amperometric electrode for hydrogen peroxide as transducer, the BSA-penicillin G immobilized on polymeric membrane overlapping the amperometric transducer and the peroxidas...
Food chemistry, Jan 15, 2015
New immunosensors working in organic solvent mixtures (OPIEs) for the analysis of traces of diffe... more New immunosensors working in organic solvent mixtures (OPIEs) for the analysis of traces of different pesticides (triazinic, organophosphates and chlorurates) present in hydrophobic matrices such as olive oil were developed and tested. A Clark electrode was used as transducer and peroxidase enzyme as marker. The competitive process took place in a chloroform-hexane 50% (V/V) mixture, while the subsequent enzymatic final measurement was performed in decane and using tert-butylhydroperoxide as substrate of the enzymatic reaction. A linear response of between about 10nM and 5.0μM was usually obtained in the presence of olive oil. Recovery tests were carried out in commercial or artisanal extra virgin olive oil. Traces of pesticides were also checked in the oily matrix, in pomace and mill wastewaters from an industrial oil mill. Immunosensors show good selectivity and satisfactory precision and recovery tests performed in olive oil gave excellent results.
Current Enzyme Inhibition, 2008
Abstract: Catalases are enzymes composed of a protein and a prosthetic group made up of iron porp... more Abstract: Catalases are enzymes composed of a protein and a prosthetic group made up of iron porphyrin. The aim of the present research, was to study the catalytic mechanism of catalase on organic hydroperoxides rather than on hydrogen peroxide, when operating in ...
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2006
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005
The realization of a reliable receptor biosensor requires stable, long-lasting, reconstituted bio... more The realization of a reliable receptor biosensor requires stable, long-lasting, reconstituted biomembranes able to supply a suitable biomimetic environment where the receptor can properly work after incorporation. To this end, we developed a new method for preparing stable biological membranes that couple the biomimetic properties of BLMs (bilayer lipid membranes) with the high stability of HBMs (hybrid bilayer membranes); this gives rise to an innovative assembly, named MHBLM (mixed hybrid bilayer lipid membrane). The present work deals with the characterization of biosensors achieved by embedding an ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR) on MHBLM. Thanks to signal (transmembrane current) amplification, which is typical of natural receptors, the biosensor here produced detects glutamate at a level of nmol L-1. The transmembrane current changes linearly vs glutamate up to 100 nmol L-1 , while the limit of detection is 1 nmol L-1. In addition, the biosensor response can be modulated both by receptor agonists (glycine) and antagonists (Mg 2+) as well, and by exploiting the biosensor response, the distribution of different kinds of ionotropic GluR present in the purified sample, and embedded in MHBLM, was also evaluated. Finally, one of the most important aspects of this investigation is represented by the high stability of the biomimetic system, which allows the use of biosensor under flowing conditions, where the solutions flow on both biomembrane faces.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2005
Biosensors are very versatile devices that can be used to solve various kinds of problem that are... more Biosensors are very versatile devices that can be used to solve various kinds of problem that are increasingly found in the various branches of chemistry, particularly in the fields of foodstuffs and the environment. In recent years, there has been considerable ...
Environmental Science & Technology, 2002
The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with H 2 O 2 were measured in NaCl solutions as a function o... more The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with H 2 O 2 were measured in NaCl solutions as a function of pH (1.5-4.8), temperature (5-40°C), and ionic strength (I) 0.01-2 M) in the presence of an excess of reductant. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression-d[Cr(VI)]/dt) k 2 [Cr(VI)] m [H 2 O 2 ] n [H + ] z , where m) 1 and n and z are two interdependent variables. The value of n is a function of pH between 2 and 4 (n) (3 × 10 a)/(1 + 10 a), where a)-0.25-0.58pH + 0.26pH 2) leveling off at pH < 2 (where n ≈ 1) and pH > 4 (where n ≈ 3). The rates of Cr(VI) reduction are acid-catalyzed, and the kinetic order z varies from about 1.8-0.5 with increasing H 2 O 2 concentration, according to the equation z) 1.85-350.1H 2 O 2 (M) which is valid for [H 2 O 2 ] < 0.004 M. The values of k 2 (M-(n+z) min-1) are given by k 2) k/[H + ] z) k 1 /[H 2 O 2 ] n [H + ] z , where k is the overall rate constant (M-n min-1) and k 1 is the pseudo-first-order rate constant (min-1). The values of k in the pH range 2-4 have been fitted to the equation log k) 2.14pH-2.81 with σ) (0.18. The values of k 2 are dependent on pH as well. Most of the results with H 2 O 2 < 3 mM are described by log k 2) 2.87pH-0.55 with σ) (0.54. Experimental results suggest that the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is controlled by the formation of Cr(V) intermediates. Values of k 2 and k calculated from the above equations can be used to evaluate the rates of the reaction in acidic solutions under a wide range of experimental conditions, because the rates are independent of ionic strength, temperature, major ions, and micromolar levels of trace metals (Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+). The application of this rate law to environmental conditions suggests that this reaction may have a role in acidic solutions (aerosols and fog droplets) in the presence of high micromolar concentrations of H 2 O 2 .
Electroanalysis, 2011
Several tests were carried out on the possibility of fabricating immunosensors working in organic... more Several tests were carried out on the possibility of fabricating immunosensors working in organic solvents or solvent mixtures and aimed at developing new immunosensors for the analysis of triazinic pesticides present in hydrophobic matrices such as olive oil. Initially, an immunosensor for atrazine was tested in which a hydrogen peroxide electrode was used as transducer and peroxidase enzyme as marker. The competitive process took place in a chloroform–hexane 50 % (V/V) mixture, while the subsequent enzymatic measurement was performed in an aqueous buffer solution. A linear response of between about 50 nM and 5.0 µM was obtained versus atrazine in presence of oil. Subsequently, attempts were also made using a Clark electrode as transducer and performing not only the competition but also the final enzymatic measure in organic solvent. The latter enzymatic measurement was thus carried out in several different organic solvents, such as decane, hexane, chloroform and chloroformhexane ...
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Papers by Luigi Campanella