Papers by Mohammad Khairul Alam Sobuj
Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 2024
The study aimed to assess the impact of stocking density on the growth performance, survival rate... more The study aimed to assess the impact of stocking density on the growth performance, survival rate and production of seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings in floating net cages conducted at the Maheshkhali Channel, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. A triplicate group of seabass, with an average initial weight of 86.82 ± 1.9 g, was randomly stocked in floating net cages at densities of 15, 12, 10 and 8 fish m −3 , referred to as T 15 , T 12 , T 10 and T 8 , respectively. The fish fingerlings were supplied with freshly chopped sardine (Sardinella fimbriata) at 10% of their body weight for 4 months and 5% for 2 months, administered twice daily. The water quality metrics were measured fortnightly. The initial and the final proximate composition of seabass was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Upon completion of the experiment on the 180th day, the growth performance and additional measures, including final body weight, weight gain (WG), percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), survival rate and total production, were assessed. Comparisons of growth and yield demonstrated that fish stocking density significantly (p < 0.05) influenced growth and productivity. Fish cultivated at maximum density (T 15) exhibited lower mean weights than those raised at lower densities. This study demonstrated that T 10 had better results for all growth and other metrics examined, indicating the appropriateness of this density. Therefore, it may be inferred that seabass exhibits optimal growth at a stocking density of 10 fish m −3 along the coast of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.
Future Foods, 2024
Seaweeds are incredibly significant marine resources that have the ability to yield beneficial me... more Seaweeds are incredibly significant marine resources that have the ability to yield beneficial metabolites and bioactive substances, exhibiting an extensive variety of biological and physiological capabilities. Seaweed polysaccharides, in conjunction with other bioactive components, have been shown to exhibit a diverse range of advantageous characteristics. These include antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic effects. The assortment and constitution of polysaccharides found in seaweed are crucial factors in regulating these biological processes. Agar, alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, and ulvan are abundant in seaweeds, boosting their bioactivity. Tissue engineering, drug administration, and wound healing are among the medical applications of seaweed polysaccharides. Algae-derived polysaccharides have exhibited extraordinary antiviral properties, which makes them highly promising subjects for pharmacological research. Moreover, numerous mechanisms have been recorded for these polysaccharides, encompassing the prevention of viral coupling or entry of the cell host, along with the inhibition of DNA replication and protein synthesis. Seaweed polysaccharides also have the potential to serve as a long-term solution against the highly publicized coronavirus, which has caused a global pandemic. This review aims to analyze a variety of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, explore the association between their bioactivity and structural compositions, and highlight their potential biological applications, particularly in relation to antiviral activity.
Algal Research, 2024
Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide with diversified biological activities commonly found in b... more Fucoidan is a sulphated polysaccharide with diversified biological activities commonly found in brown seaweeds. In our present study, fucoidan was extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from Saint Martin's Island in three different extraction methods. The composition of the fucoidans was determined by measuring the total carbohydrate, sulfate, uronic acid, fucose, and protein contents. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) were studied to determine the structural groups of extracted fucoidans. Functional activities were analyzed by antioxidant activity and anti-diabetic activity assay. Fucoidan yield was obtained highest in the acid extraction method (0.061 ± 0.007 g/g), followed by the water extraction method (0.058 ± 0.005 g/g) and salt extraction method (0.041 ± 0.005 g/g). Water extracted fucoidan showed the highest carbohydrate content (62.97 %), uronic acid content (6.46 %), and protein content (2.62 %). Sulphate content (28.56 %) was highest in salt extracted fucoidan, whereas fucose content (24.0 %) was highest in water extracted fucoidan. FT-IR and 1 H NMR analysis confirm several characteristic picks for the extracted fucoidans. Extracted fucoidans presented comparable antioxidant activity, but salt-extracted fucoidan presented the highest DPPH radical scavenging assay (86.85 ± 0.74 %, IC 50 = 0.03 mg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging assay (65.13 ± 0.92 %, IC 50 = 1.94 mg/mL), Phosphomolybdenum assay (4.356 ± 0.11) and Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay (57.08 ± 0.52 %, IC 50 = 3.73 mg/mL) in dose-dependency manner. Further anti-diabetic activity assay resulted in the highest α-amylase inhibition activity (62.82 ± 1.36 %, IC 50 = 2.30 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibition activity (55.73 ± 0.84 %, IC 50 = 3.71 mg/mL) by salt-extracted fucoidan. These functional potentials of seaweed may add significant value to the development of functional food and pharmaceutical materials.
Advances in oceanography & marine biology, Apr 11, 2023
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License MCMS.MS.ID.000631.
Food and humanity, Mar 1, 2024
Marine seaweed species have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their potential bio... more Marine seaweed species have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their potential biological activities, such as antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics. This study investigates the phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Sargassum
polycystum extracts collected from Bangladesh and crude extracts were prepared using methanol, ethanol, and water as extraction solvents. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) identified functional groups,
including phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, ethers, aromatics, alkanes, and ethers. The methanol extract exhibited the highest TPC (95.34 ± 1.21 mg of GAE/g) and TFC (51.48 ± 0.92 mg of QE/g). Methanol extracts displayed superior antioxidant activity in the Phosphomolybdenum assay (1.96 ± 0.08), DPPH assay (81.33 ± 5.60%, IC50 = 1.17 mg/mL), ABTS assay (71.65 ± 4.10%, IC50 = 2.54 mg/mL), and Nitric oxide scavenging
assay (67.64 ± 4.10%, IC50 = 3.81 mg/mL). Ethanol extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (16.50 ± 0.13 mm), while the methanol extract excelled against Salmonella typhimurium (14.6 ± 0.18 mm) at 7 mg/mL dosage. A positive correlation was found among TPC, TFC, and different antioxidant assays.
Food chemistry advances, Feb 1, 2024
Seaweeds have emerged as promising marine living resources globally. With a distribution of over ... more Seaweeds have emerged as promising marine living resources globally. With a distribution of over 20,000 species worldwide, only a tiny fraction, approximately 1.1 %, are commercially utilized. Among these, 145 species are used for food purposes, while 110 species are utilized for phycocolloid production. Seaweeds’ wide range of
applications and benefits highlight their immense potential in various sectors. Based on the availability, abundance, and use, 26 seaweed species are recorded from Bangladesh’s coastal area with commercial significance. Of these, red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) with 10 species (38.46 %), green seaweed (Chlorophyceae) with 08 species (30.77 %), and brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae) with 08 species (30.77 %). Seaweed species like Caulerpa sp., Ulva sp., Padina sp., Sargassum sp., Hypnea sp., and Gracilaria sp. offer numerous benefits and applications in pharmaceuticals, food, animal feed, cosmetic industry, waste water treatment, biofuel production, bioremedia
tion, and agriculture due to their bioactive components, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The development of sustainable cultivation techniques and investment in seaweed-based industries can unlock the immense potential of these marine resources and contribute to the growth of a sustainable blue economy. Harnessing the vast array of seaweed species and their commercial applications can lead to economic development while promoting sustainable practices.
Food Chemistry Advances, May 31, 2024
Seaweeds possess considerable potential for developing and enhancing pharmaceutical drugs because... more Seaweeds possess considerable potential for developing and enhancing pharmaceutical drugs because of their wide variety as abundant sources of numerous bioactive secondary metabolites, making them well-suited for developing and enhancing pharmaceutical drugs. This study evaluated the antioxidant, secondary metabolites, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of various crude extracts (methanol, ethanol) and their fractions (50 % and 70 %) of Sargassum polycystum. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis was also performed to identify the active chemical composition of the crude extracts. The results showed that various extracts contained varying concentrations of terpenoid, saponin, phlobatannin, cardiac glycosides, phenolic, and flavonoid. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of phenols, carboxylic acid, ketones, ethers, aromatics, amides, and sulfonates. 100 % methanolic extract contained the maximum concentrations of total phenols (80.13 mg of GAE/
g) and total flavonoids (38.33 mg of quercetin/g). 100 % methanol extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (78.32 %, IC50 = 1.59 mg/ml) and ABTS assay (69.82 %, IC50 = 2.39 mg/ml). The biofunctional activity of crude extracts depended on their extract and concentration. The present study demonstrates that the macroalgae S. polycystum contains noteworthy secondary metabolites and natural antioxidants, indicating their potential utilization in various pharmacological and functional food applications.
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2023
The study evaluated the present scenario and effectiveness of the prevailing systems of biosecuri... more The study evaluated the present scenario and effectiveness of the prevailing systems of biosecurity policy in microalgae culture premises of different shrimp hatchery in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey tool was used to assess the effectiveness of the biosecurity measures adopted by different stakeholders with the participation of 65 individual technicians’ from 27 different shrimp hatcheries. The KAP result indicates significant attitudes and practices gap among the technicians’. But the knowledge and attitudes scores were good (78.1% & 76.4%) where the practice
scores were fair 63.5%. The survey data highlighted that the previous experience, educational level etc. have direct effect on KAP scores. However, there is no standardized systems are implementing in case of microalgae culture in hatchery premises. Through identifying some forthwith gaps, this work will help to identify all common problems and taking proper mitigation measures.
Food Safety - New Insights [Working Title]
Seaweeds are predominantly macroscopic, multicellular, and photosynthetic marine algae that grow ... more Seaweeds are predominantly macroscopic, multicellular, and photosynthetic marine algae that grow primarily in the ocean’s rocky littoral zone. About 154 seaweed species are found in our coastal area, of which 34 belong to green (Chlorophyta), 38 brown (Phaeophyta), and 82 red (Rhodophyta). Among them, 26 species are considered economically important based on their availability, abundance, and use. Seaweeds are mainly available in St. Martin Island, Shaporir dip, Inani, Bakkhali, Kutubdia, Patowartek, Pecherdwip, Teknaf, Shaplapur, and Moheshkhali in Cox’s Bazar region of Bangladesh. They are generally found on our Cox’s Bazar coast from October to April, but the highest abundance occurs from January to March. However, in the case of mangrove forests, seaweeds are available throughout the year. Additionally, seven species are considered commercially cultivable species. Their culture techniques were developed in the long-line and net methods at different Cox’s Bazar region sites. St. ...
Bangladesh Journal of Zoology
Seaweeds are one of the most potential aquaculture commodities in Bangladesh. It has a long back ... more Seaweeds are one of the most potential aquaculture commodities in Bangladesh. It has a long back history of being used for its nutritional and pharmaceutical importance. This review summarizes seaweeds diversity and its culture, distribution and possible applications and uses in Bangladesh. Seaweed floras are distributed along the entire coastline, however, the higher abundance of these have found in the St. Martin Island, Cox's Bazar, and Sundarbans mangrove forest periphery. These included around 200 species and belong to 94 genera. About 12 of these genera, including Hypnea, Gracilaria, Gelidium, Enteromorpha, Halimeda, Padina, Dictyota, Caulerpa, Hydroclathrus, Sargassum, Kappaphycus, and Porphyra have substantial commercial importance. A total of 5,000 metric tons of seaweeds are likely available along the entire coastline between October and April. However, seaweeds commodity and its aquaculture production have a great potential in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Further...
Scientific Reports
Seaweed cultivation is an eco-friendly method and attracts growing interest which needs a multi-c... more Seaweed cultivation is an eco-friendly method and attracts growing interest which needs a multi-criteria approach for its sustainability. In our present study, an economically significant red alga, Gracilariopsislongissima was cultured using a floating raft method on the coast of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh for a period of 90 days from January to March 2022. The effects of different factors such as rope materials, culture type, raft shape, seeding intensity, harvesting phase and water depth on the biomass yield production of G.longissima were evaluated during a 90-day culture period. The biomass yield production and daily growth rate (DGR% day−1) were estimated to evaluate the possibilities of G.longissima cultures in a floating raft culture method. The range of biomass yield production (3.03–13.37 kg/m2) and DGR (3.08–4.72% day−1) is satisfactory in the floating raft culture method. Different water quality variables, the seasonal appearance of epiphytic algae and a cost–benefit analysi...
The present study was meant to describe the very rst description of Gracilaria verrucosa culture ... more The present study was meant to describe the very rst description of Gracilaria verrucosa culture using a oating raft culture method on the coast of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. The effects of different factors such as rope materials, culture type, raft shape, seeding intensity, harvesting phase, and water depth on the biomass production of seaweed were evaluated during a 90-day culture period. Different water quality variables such as temperature, pH, DO, salinity, TDS, transparency, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and silica were measured at every 15-day interval throughout the culture period. The seasonal appearance of epiphytic algae and cost-bene t analysis of seaweed culture was also performed. We found the range of biomass production (3.03-13.37 kg/m 2) and DGR (3.08-4.72% d − 1) to be satisfactory in the oating raft culture method. A total of eight epiphytic algal species were recorded, which resulted in major challenges for the growth of Gracilaria. The cost-bene t analysis showed about a $1051 pro t for a six-month culture period in 20 rafts. Our research concluded that farming G. verrucosa in the oating raft method, when certain critical factors are considered, can become a pro table sector for large-scale seaweed production in our coastal area.
Food Science & Nutrition
This study aimed to provide the very first description of the current scenario of
knowledge, at... more This study aimed to provide the very first description of the current scenario of
knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning the food safety and hygiene
subjects among wet fish handlers (WFHs) and dry fish handlers (DFHs) in Cox's Bazar,
Bangladesh. Data collection was performed through the application of face-to-face
interviews with 234 WFHs and 258 DFHs. The overall score of the correct answer
assessed components was 55.95% and 57.05% in WFHs and DFHs, respectively.
Among the different knowledge categories, both the respondents showed the highest positive response in the time, temperature, and quality control category and the
lowest positive responses noted in the foodborne disease occurrence category. For
attitudes, obtained results showed positive attitude with a mean score of 37.82 ± 4.28
and 35.58 ± 5.48 for WFHs and DFHs, respectively. The WFHs gained a mean score of
23.08 ± 4.24 for practices, and the score was 22.78 ± 4.47 in the case of DFHs. A positively significant correlation coefficient (rs) was observed among fish handlers' KAP of 0.326–0.584. Although the association between the three levels was acceptable, several food safety principles and hygiene practices remained unsatisfactory. These findings highlighted the need for rapid action to enhance food safety and hygiene KAP through an intensive training program to assure the production of safe fisheries products for human consumption.
Scientific Reports
Seaweeds are now recognized as a treasure of bioactive compounds. However, the bioactivity of sea... more Seaweeds are now recognized as a treasure of bioactive compounds. However, the bioactivity of seaweed originating in Bangladesh is still unexplored. So, this study was designed to explore the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of solvent extracts of Padina tetrastromatica and Gracilaria tenuistipitata. Phytochemical screening and FTIR spectra confirm the diverse type of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power (RP), phosphomolybdenum, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. Here, methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica showed highest amount of total phenolic content (85.61 mg of GA/g), total flavonoid content (41.77 mg of quercetin/g), DPPH (77.07%), ABTS (77.65%), RP (53.24 mg AAE/g), phosphomolybdenum (31.58 mg AAE/g), hydrogen peroxide (67.89%) and NO (70.64%) assays compared to its methanolic extract...
Scientific Reports
Seaweeds are now recognized as a treasure of bioactive compounds. However, the bioactivity of sea... more Seaweeds are now recognized as a treasure of bioactive compounds. However, the bioactivity of seaweed originating in Bangladesh is still unexplored. So, this study was designed to explore the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of solvent extracts of Padina tetrastromatica and Gracilaria tenuistipitata. Phytochemical screening and FTIR spectra confirm the diverse type of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), reducing power (RP), phosphomolybdenum, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. Here, methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica showed highest amount of total phenolic content (85.61 mg of GA/g), total flavonoid content (41.77 mg of quercetin/g), DPPH (77.07%), ABTS (77.65%), RP (53.24 mg AAE/g), phosphomolybdenum (31.58 mg AAE/g), hydrogen peroxide (67.89%) and NO (70.64%) assays compared to its methanolic extract...
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
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Papers by Mohammad Khairul Alam Sobuj
polycystum extracts collected from Bangladesh and crude extracts were prepared using methanol, ethanol, and water as extraction solvents. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) identified functional groups,
including phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, ethers, aromatics, alkanes, and ethers. The methanol extract exhibited the highest TPC (95.34 ± 1.21 mg of GAE/g) and TFC (51.48 ± 0.92 mg of QE/g). Methanol extracts displayed superior antioxidant activity in the Phosphomolybdenum assay (1.96 ± 0.08), DPPH assay (81.33 ± 5.60%, IC50 = 1.17 mg/mL), ABTS assay (71.65 ± 4.10%, IC50 = 2.54 mg/mL), and Nitric oxide scavenging
assay (67.64 ± 4.10%, IC50 = 3.81 mg/mL). Ethanol extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (16.50 ± 0.13 mm), while the methanol extract excelled against Salmonella typhimurium (14.6 ± 0.18 mm) at 7 mg/mL dosage. A positive correlation was found among TPC, TFC, and different antioxidant assays.
applications and benefits highlight their immense potential in various sectors. Based on the availability, abundance, and use, 26 seaweed species are recorded from Bangladesh’s coastal area with commercial significance. Of these, red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) with 10 species (38.46 %), green seaweed (Chlorophyceae) with 08 species (30.77 %), and brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae) with 08 species (30.77 %). Seaweed species like Caulerpa sp., Ulva sp., Padina sp., Sargassum sp., Hypnea sp., and Gracilaria sp. offer numerous benefits and applications in pharmaceuticals, food, animal feed, cosmetic industry, waste water treatment, biofuel production, bioremedia
tion, and agriculture due to their bioactive components, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The development of sustainable cultivation techniques and investment in seaweed-based industries can unlock the immense potential of these marine resources and contribute to the growth of a sustainable blue economy. Harnessing the vast array of seaweed species and their commercial applications can lead to economic development while promoting sustainable practices.
g) and total flavonoids (38.33 mg of quercetin/g). 100 % methanol extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (78.32 %, IC50 = 1.59 mg/ml) and ABTS assay (69.82 %, IC50 = 2.39 mg/ml). The biofunctional activity of crude extracts depended on their extract and concentration. The present study demonstrates that the macroalgae S. polycystum contains noteworthy secondary metabolites and natural antioxidants, indicating their potential utilization in various pharmacological and functional food applications.
scores were fair 63.5%. The survey data highlighted that the previous experience, educational level etc. have direct effect on KAP scores. However, there is no standardized systems are implementing in case of microalgae culture in hatchery premises. Through identifying some forthwith gaps, this work will help to identify all common problems and taking proper mitigation measures.
knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning the food safety and hygiene
subjects among wet fish handlers (WFHs) and dry fish handlers (DFHs) in Cox's Bazar,
Bangladesh. Data collection was performed through the application of face-to-face
interviews with 234 WFHs and 258 DFHs. The overall score of the correct answer
assessed components was 55.95% and 57.05% in WFHs and DFHs, respectively.
Among the different knowledge categories, both the respondents showed the highest positive response in the time, temperature, and quality control category and the
lowest positive responses noted in the foodborne disease occurrence category. For
attitudes, obtained results showed positive attitude with a mean score of 37.82 ± 4.28
and 35.58 ± 5.48 for WFHs and DFHs, respectively. The WFHs gained a mean score of
23.08 ± 4.24 for practices, and the score was 22.78 ± 4.47 in the case of DFHs. A positively significant correlation coefficient (rs) was observed among fish handlers' KAP of 0.326–0.584. Although the association between the three levels was acceptable, several food safety principles and hygiene practices remained unsatisfactory. These findings highlighted the need for rapid action to enhance food safety and hygiene KAP through an intensive training program to assure the production of safe fisheries products for human consumption.
polycystum extracts collected from Bangladesh and crude extracts were prepared using methanol, ethanol, and water as extraction solvents. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) identified functional groups,
including phenols, carboxylic acids, ketones, ethers, aromatics, alkanes, and ethers. The methanol extract exhibited the highest TPC (95.34 ± 1.21 mg of GAE/g) and TFC (51.48 ± 0.92 mg of QE/g). Methanol extracts displayed superior antioxidant activity in the Phosphomolybdenum assay (1.96 ± 0.08), DPPH assay (81.33 ± 5.60%, IC50 = 1.17 mg/mL), ABTS assay (71.65 ± 4.10%, IC50 = 2.54 mg/mL), and Nitric oxide scavenging
assay (67.64 ± 4.10%, IC50 = 3.81 mg/mL). Ethanol extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (16.50 ± 0.13 mm), while the methanol extract excelled against Salmonella typhimurium (14.6 ± 0.18 mm) at 7 mg/mL dosage. A positive correlation was found among TPC, TFC, and different antioxidant assays.
applications and benefits highlight their immense potential in various sectors. Based on the availability, abundance, and use, 26 seaweed species are recorded from Bangladesh’s coastal area with commercial significance. Of these, red seaweed (Rhodophyceae) with 10 species (38.46 %), green seaweed (Chlorophyceae) with 08 species (30.77 %), and brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae) with 08 species (30.77 %). Seaweed species like Caulerpa sp., Ulva sp., Padina sp., Sargassum sp., Hypnea sp., and Gracilaria sp. offer numerous benefits and applications in pharmaceuticals, food, animal feed, cosmetic industry, waste water treatment, biofuel production, bioremedia
tion, and agriculture due to their bioactive components, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The development of sustainable cultivation techniques and investment in seaweed-based industries can unlock the immense potential of these marine resources and contribute to the growth of a sustainable blue economy. Harnessing the vast array of seaweed species and their commercial applications can lead to economic development while promoting sustainable practices.
g) and total flavonoids (38.33 mg of quercetin/g). 100 % methanol extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (78.32 %, IC50 = 1.59 mg/ml) and ABTS assay (69.82 %, IC50 = 2.39 mg/ml). The biofunctional activity of crude extracts depended on their extract and concentration. The present study demonstrates that the macroalgae S. polycystum contains noteworthy secondary metabolites and natural antioxidants, indicating their potential utilization in various pharmacological and functional food applications.
scores were fair 63.5%. The survey data highlighted that the previous experience, educational level etc. have direct effect on KAP scores. However, there is no standardized systems are implementing in case of microalgae culture in hatchery premises. Through identifying some forthwith gaps, this work will help to identify all common problems and taking proper mitigation measures.
knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning the food safety and hygiene
subjects among wet fish handlers (WFHs) and dry fish handlers (DFHs) in Cox's Bazar,
Bangladesh. Data collection was performed through the application of face-to-face
interviews with 234 WFHs and 258 DFHs. The overall score of the correct answer
assessed components was 55.95% and 57.05% in WFHs and DFHs, respectively.
Among the different knowledge categories, both the respondents showed the highest positive response in the time, temperature, and quality control category and the
lowest positive responses noted in the foodborne disease occurrence category. For
attitudes, obtained results showed positive attitude with a mean score of 37.82 ± 4.28
and 35.58 ± 5.48 for WFHs and DFHs, respectively. The WFHs gained a mean score of
23.08 ± 4.24 for practices, and the score was 22.78 ± 4.47 in the case of DFHs. A positively significant correlation coefficient (rs) was observed among fish handlers' KAP of 0.326–0.584. Although the association between the three levels was acceptable, several food safety principles and hygiene practices remained unsatisfactory. These findings highlighted the need for rapid action to enhance food safety and hygiene KAP through an intensive training program to assure the production of safe fisheries products for human consumption.