The details of the lignocellulose deconstruction processes in the digestive systems of wood-feedi... more The details of the lignocellulose deconstruction processes in the digestive systems of wood-feeding insects remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the biochemical conversion of lignocellulose in the digestive system of a wood-feeding anobiid beetle, Nicobium hirtum, one of the most important pests of wooden products in Japan. To this end, N. hirtum larvae were fed with Japanese red pine (softwood) and Japanese beech (hardwood) sapwood diets, as well as an artificial diet containing Shorea wood (hardwood) sapwood sawdust. The structural differences between the original and digested (feces) lignocellulose samples were examined using wet-chemical and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Cellulose and hemicelluloses, especially mannan in the softwood diet, were preferentially degraded over lignin in the larval digestive system. As a result, lignin was enriched in the digested lignocellulose residues. Lignin compositional analyses based on thioacidolysis an...
Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economicall... more Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economically important crops.The use of synthetic pesticides with high intensity is detrimental to the quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi and neem-based biopesticide on S. litura using spraying and forced feeding method. The treatments were spore solution of Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium sp. T4.B23, Metarhizium sp. B2.2 applied at 108 spores/mL, biopesticide formulation containing neem extract (Agr1) at 10% (v/v), and water as control. Each treatment was sprayed 0.3 mL directly onto larvae of S. litura while in forced feeding method, the larvae were fed on 1 gr of treated water spinach. Entomopathogenic fungal spore solution did not show efficacy on S litura larvae in both methods, while Agr 1 caused 90 and 40% mortality in spraying and forced feeding method, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of Agr 1 was compared...
Prosiding Ilmiah Seminar Nasional Lignoselulosa 2020 ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendise... more Prosiding Ilmiah Seminar Nasional Lignoselulosa 2020 ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendiseminasikan hasil-hasil penelitian di Pusat Penelitian Biomaterial LIPI terkait penelitian, pengembangan, dan pengkajian bahan bioproduk yang bersumber dari lignoselulosa. Artikel-artikel dalam prosiding ini telah diseminarkan dalam Seminar Nasional Lignoselulosa 2020 dengan tema “Tantangan dan Peluang Industrialisasi Produk Berbasis Lignoselulosa” dengan beragam bahasan, di antaranya bioproduk, material, bioenergi, dan lingkungan. Prosiding ini menyajikan sebanyak 13 makalah lengkap dari partisipasi aktif, peserta dari kalangan peneliti, akademisi, dan praktisi industri. Selain itu, juga terdapat 5 buah abstrak dari pemakalah kunci (keynote speaker).
Simple Summary Powderpost beetles, such as Lyctus africanus, are a common pest group for dried cu... more Simple Summary Powderpost beetles, such as Lyctus africanus, are a common pest group for dried cured wood. The damage is slow and inconspicuous; thus, the infestation is mostly identified belatedly due to a lack of knowledge of how to locate and monitor it. L. africanus produces a pheromone, a chemical compound to attract other beetles. This pheromone has been determined and suggested as a monitoring tool for L. africanus. Here, we examined the physiological and behavioral parameters that affect pheromone production. We found that food availability may affect pheromone production in adult L. africanus males. In addition, of three components in male L. africanus aggregation pheromones, major compounds 2 (3-pentyl dodecanoate) and 3 (3-pentyl tetradecanoate) may be affected by age, not mating status, while compound 1 (2-propyl dodecanoate) was produced steadily and was affected by mating status. This suggests compounds 2 and 3 might have an important function in aggregation behavior, ...
Termites are the major agent in wood biodeterioration, particularly in building materials, thus i... more Termites are the major agent in wood biodeterioration, particularly in building materials, thus its existence in wood become trouble. Chemical insecticides are widely used to prevent the lost from termites attack. The use of chemical insecticides, however, do not recomended as it may cause risk to human health, environment, and may also harm to the non-target organisms and lead to the development of pest resistance. For that reason, these situations encourage many scientists to develop and evaluate various prospective biological control of termites. One of them is utilization of entomopathogenic fungi to suppress termite population. The object of this research is learning pathogenic ability of Cunninghamella sp. (habitually found around termites nests) in termite’s mortality. The methods of this research are fungal isolation and then pathogenic test to termites (termite’s infection). The ways of termite infection are contact and digestion. The best method is based on termite’s morta...
Rayap merupakan fauna selulolitik dengan kemampuan distribusi yang luar biasa dalam suatu ekosist... more Rayap merupakan fauna selulolitik dengan kemampuan distribusi yang luar biasa dalam suatu ekosistem. Berdasarkan perilaku makan, tiga golongan fungsional perilaku makan (Wf: wood feeder; Sf: Soil feeder; Fg: Fungus growing) digunakan untuk melihat distribusi fauna tersebut pada empat tipe area yang telah ditentukan. Area dibedakan berdasarkan kedekatan dengan situ, densitas kanopi, eksistensi kayu lapuk/mati, dan tipe lahan. Dengan menggunakan metode transek standar (100x2 meter) sampling dilakukan selama 30 menit per-subtransek (1x5 meter). Diperoleh 10 kelompok genus rayap (Schedorhinotermes, Nasutitermes, Bulbitermes, Procapritermes, Subulitermes, Pericapritermes, Macrotermes, Microtermes, Odontotermes, dan Hospitalitermes) dengan total 195 spesimen. Distribusi longitudinal fauna rayap terlihat bahwa Wf lebih banyak ditemukan pada area yang lebih banyak memiliki kayu mati/lapuk seperti pada lokasi dekat dengan hutan pinus. Sf cenderung mengokupasi area yang jarak dengan situ, den...
Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi and their extracellular enzyme activity from rhizosphere soil... more Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi and their extracellular enzyme activity from rhizosphere soil were carried out. Soil samples were col-lected from rhizosphere under Arecaceae plant collection and a shrub in Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java; and another samples were gath-ered from forest floor on peat land in Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan. Insect bait method was used to catch fungi from soil samples by using Coptotermes sp. termites and Xystrocera festiva larva in the laboratory. A total of 38 fungal isolates belonging to 18 spe-cies and 12 genera were successfully isolated and identified. Isolated fungi were dominated by Deuteromycotina; and Fusarium is the most common (5 species). Peat and Pinanga coronata rhizospheres; and termites bait gave the highest fungal diversity of 9 species respectively. All fungal isolates did not indicate chitinase activity, but 60.53 %, 10.53 % and 13.16 % had both of lipase and protease; lipase and protease activities, respectively. Onl...
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 2020
Mosquitoes are well known as vectors of hazardous diseases for human. Plant extracts can be used ... more Mosquitoes are well known as vectors of hazardous diseases for human. Plant extracts can be used as an alternative for larval control due to they are a rich source of bioactive chemicals and safe for the environment. The present study investigated the larvicidal activity of crude extracts derived from leaf and flower of Brugmansia candida against the second larval instar of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus . The larval mortality was observed at 24 and 48 h exposure of both leaf and flower extracts, at the concentration of 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The 24 h exposure of both extracts at the concentration of 500 and 1000 ppm resulted in larval mortality rates were significantly lower than those of 48 h exposure. However, the mortality rate was not significantly different at the lower concentrations of crude extracts. The results also suggested that there was no significant difference in the larvicidal effect between leaf and flower extracts at 24 and 48 h exposure for all co...
Utilization of fungal entomopathogen as biological control agent has been developed in several co... more Utilization of fungal entomopathogen as biological control agent has been developed in several country, but not in Indonesia. Therefore, the use of biological control agent to control termite need to be done in order that diminish chemical insecticide hazard. In this research, the ability of fungal entomopathogen (Hyphomycetes) identified as Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria sp. and Humicola sp. to infect Subterranean termite will be evaluated. The fungi were isolated from Indonesia. The research methods are (i) to sporulate fungi in rice culture media; (ii) to formulate fungal entomopathogen being infection materials; (iii) bioassay of fungal entomopathogen against Subterranean termite by contact method. The result of bioassay show that the three fungi ( Humicola, M. anisopliae and Beauveria ) are able to kill termite in 14 days of observation day. Primarily, M. anisopliae has generate termite’s mortality almost similar to Humicola sp. i.e higher than 60 %, in other side Beauveria ...
S (MASTER THESIS) Effects of Diet Composition on Nutritional Physiology and Ecology of Lyctus afr... more S (MASTER THESIS) Effects of Diet Composition on Nutritional Physiology and Ecology of Lyctus africanus (Lesne) (Graduate School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Innovative Humano-Habitability, RISH, Kyoto University) Titik Kartika Several artificial diet combinations, woodand non-wood-based, had been developed for Lyctus brunneus. It was reported that cellulose-based diet was more suitable for mass culture of L. brunneus than that of the wood particle (sawdust)-based one. This study discussed the probability of woodand non-wood-based diets for L. africanus by examining the growth rate, oviposition ability and digestive enzyme (endoglucanase) activity of L. africanus. Three diets, wood particle-based (WP), cellulose powder-based (CP) and alpha cellulose-based (AC) diets, were prepared, and then subjected to adults of L. africanus. Subsequent generations were used to examine the growth rate, population, body weight, and sex ratio (adult stage), oviposition ability (adult stage) and endo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Termite"s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban ... more Termite"s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban area. The present study evaluated termite biodiversity and distribution in Batam Botanical Garden, an urban conservation area in Batam Island. In the surveyed area, termites could play a major beneficial role through the promotion of essential ecological processes in ecosystems, such as soil modification and rehabilitation; as well as their well-established role as pests for vegetation. Therefore, biodiversity evaluation of termite is very important to identify economically and ecologically important species. Termite survey had been conducted by a 100 x 2 m belt-transect. Transect area was divided into 20 sections (5 x 2 m), in which each section was surveyed for 30 minutes by two trained people. In total, 106 specimens (15 termite genera) were collected from three sampling sites: Plantation, Mangrove forest, and Forest.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Fungi are common organisms in natural forests as well as human-made ecosystem such as botanical g... more Fungi are common organisms in natural forests as well as human-made ecosystem such as botanical gardens. Likewise forest, botanical gardens provide lignocellulose substrates and other organic media for fungi to grow and develop especially fungal species which belong to class Agaricomycetes. Regarding those roles, it is necessary to do more research on fungal exploration in Indonesia to provide taxonomy and diversity on fungi which belong to Agaricomycetes. This research is conducted to study Agaricomycetes fungi in Kuningan Botanical Garden based on their macroscopic morphology. The fungal collection was conducted in July 2017. Fungal samples were collected from four sampling areas, then the samples were identified based on morphology such as the character of cap, stalk, gill, veil, and spore print. Based on morphological observation, fungal samples found in botanical garden were grouped in to twelve families, i.e.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Isolation of phytopahtogen and antagonistic fungi is important in the efforts for managing phytop... more Isolation of phytopahtogen and antagonistic fungi is important in the efforts for managing phytopathogen infestation in cacao plantations. It is related to developing studies to evaluate the association between the two types of organism in the context of establishing integrated pest management to manage widespread pest and disease in cacao crop. This research objective is to study and isolate phytopathogens and antagonistic fungi on cacao. Fungal isolation was conducted from black diseased-cacao pod and soil samples through surface sterilization and serial dilution, respectively. After several culture purification, four fungal isolates were identified through macroscopic colonies and microscope observation. Those fungal isolates are Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma. Further research is necessary to test their antagonistic and or synergistic associations in laboratory and field scales.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Preliminary study on termite recognition for food source location was carried out by the subjecti... more Preliminary study on termite recognition for food source location was carried out by the subjection of volatile compounds emitted by Sumatran Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese). Food source recognition by termite was evaluated using a set-up model on the inverted Y-tube apparatus. The apparatus consisted of a release chamber, in which five workers had been released; an intersection chamber, in which termite movement would be evaluated for clockwise and counter-clockwise movements; and a pair of food chamber. Between the intersection chamber and food chambers, a tunnel with 5 cm length was divided into five scale ranges, in which each range was related to a preference score. Various set-up models had been prepared from these concentrations: 0%; 0.5%; 1%; 2%; 4%; 8% of the macerated extract of Sumatran Pine sapwood in 8 mm paper dish. Each set-up consisted of a pair of concentrations: low & high concentration, which was located on different food chambers. The results suggested t...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Content from this work may be used under th... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economicall... more Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economically important crops.The use of synthetic pesticides with high intensity is detrimental to the quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi and neem-based biopesticide on S. litura using spraying and forced feeding method. The treatments were spore solution of Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium sp. T4.B23, Metarhizium sp. B2.2 applied at 108 spores/mL, biopesticide formulation containing neem extract (Agr1) at 10% (v/v), and water as control. Each treatment was sprayed 0.3 mL directly onto larvae of S. litura while in forced feeding method, the larvae were fed on 1 gr of treated water spinach. Entomopathogenic fungal spore solution did not show efficacy on S litura larvae in both methods, while Agr 1 caused 90 and 40% mortality in spraying and forced feeding method, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of Agr 1 was compared...
We conducted surveys of termite assemblages and tree trunks damaged by termites in teakwood (Tect... more We conducted surveys of termite assemblages and tree trunks damaged by termites in teakwood (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations. The surveys were conducted in five-, six-, and nine-year-old plantations. We used a standardized belt-transect to collect termites and build tree inventories. Data of collected termites at the genus and functional-group levels and termites’ diversity between plantations were compared with their attack rate. The results showed that four genera of soil recycler termites belonging to groups IIf and III were present across the plantations. Distribution analysis suggested that termite communities might develop from a stochastic distribution to a nonrandom co-occurrence distribution over time. Diversity analysis showed an increased nestedness-resultant diversity contribution to the total dissimilarity over time. Observed attacks on tree trunks were superficial and limited to the outer bark, with group IIf as the main contributor. Furthermore, the level of damage ...
Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodi... more Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodiversity loss. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of indigenous plant extracts from Toba, North Sumatra, and Mt. Merapi National Park regions against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis by calculating the zone of microbial growth inhibition. Among the plant extracts, T5 that identified asToona sinensisshowed the highestmicrobial inhibitionto the growth of C. albicans, B. subtilis, S. typhi, and E. coli with the diameter growth of approximately 2.00, 1.80, 1.33, and 1.33 cm, respectively. Based on those results, T. sinensis was thensubsequently fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively.The resulted fractions also were evaluated for antimicrobial bioassay. All fractions have shown activity in inhibiting the growth of the microbes at 1% concentration. However, each fra...
The details of the lignocellulose deconstruction processes in the digestive systems of wood-feedi... more The details of the lignocellulose deconstruction processes in the digestive systems of wood-feeding insects remain elusive. This study aimed to examine the biochemical conversion of lignocellulose in the digestive system of a wood-feeding anobiid beetle, Nicobium hirtum, one of the most important pests of wooden products in Japan. To this end, N. hirtum larvae were fed with Japanese red pine (softwood) and Japanese beech (hardwood) sapwood diets, as well as an artificial diet containing Shorea wood (hardwood) sapwood sawdust. The structural differences between the original and digested (feces) lignocellulose samples were examined using wet-chemical and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Cellulose and hemicelluloses, especially mannan in the softwood diet, were preferentially degraded over lignin in the larval digestive system. As a result, lignin was enriched in the digested lignocellulose residues. Lignin compositional analyses based on thioacidolysis an...
Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economicall... more Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economically important crops.The use of synthetic pesticides with high intensity is detrimental to the quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi and neem-based biopesticide on S. litura using spraying and forced feeding method. The treatments were spore solution of Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium sp. T4.B23, Metarhizium sp. B2.2 applied at 108 spores/mL, biopesticide formulation containing neem extract (Agr1) at 10% (v/v), and water as control. Each treatment was sprayed 0.3 mL directly onto larvae of S. litura while in forced feeding method, the larvae were fed on 1 gr of treated water spinach. Entomopathogenic fungal spore solution did not show efficacy on S litura larvae in both methods, while Agr 1 caused 90 and 40% mortality in spraying and forced feeding method, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of Agr 1 was compared...
Prosiding Ilmiah Seminar Nasional Lignoselulosa 2020 ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendise... more Prosiding Ilmiah Seminar Nasional Lignoselulosa 2020 ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendiseminasikan hasil-hasil penelitian di Pusat Penelitian Biomaterial LIPI terkait penelitian, pengembangan, dan pengkajian bahan bioproduk yang bersumber dari lignoselulosa. Artikel-artikel dalam prosiding ini telah diseminarkan dalam Seminar Nasional Lignoselulosa 2020 dengan tema “Tantangan dan Peluang Industrialisasi Produk Berbasis Lignoselulosa” dengan beragam bahasan, di antaranya bioproduk, material, bioenergi, dan lingkungan. Prosiding ini menyajikan sebanyak 13 makalah lengkap dari partisipasi aktif, peserta dari kalangan peneliti, akademisi, dan praktisi industri. Selain itu, juga terdapat 5 buah abstrak dari pemakalah kunci (keynote speaker).
Simple Summary Powderpost beetles, such as Lyctus africanus, are a common pest group for dried cu... more Simple Summary Powderpost beetles, such as Lyctus africanus, are a common pest group for dried cured wood. The damage is slow and inconspicuous; thus, the infestation is mostly identified belatedly due to a lack of knowledge of how to locate and monitor it. L. africanus produces a pheromone, a chemical compound to attract other beetles. This pheromone has been determined and suggested as a monitoring tool for L. africanus. Here, we examined the physiological and behavioral parameters that affect pheromone production. We found that food availability may affect pheromone production in adult L. africanus males. In addition, of three components in male L. africanus aggregation pheromones, major compounds 2 (3-pentyl dodecanoate) and 3 (3-pentyl tetradecanoate) may be affected by age, not mating status, while compound 1 (2-propyl dodecanoate) was produced steadily and was affected by mating status. This suggests compounds 2 and 3 might have an important function in aggregation behavior, ...
Termites are the major agent in wood biodeterioration, particularly in building materials, thus i... more Termites are the major agent in wood biodeterioration, particularly in building materials, thus its existence in wood become trouble. Chemical insecticides are widely used to prevent the lost from termites attack. The use of chemical insecticides, however, do not recomended as it may cause risk to human health, environment, and may also harm to the non-target organisms and lead to the development of pest resistance. For that reason, these situations encourage many scientists to develop and evaluate various prospective biological control of termites. One of them is utilization of entomopathogenic fungi to suppress termite population. The object of this research is learning pathogenic ability of Cunninghamella sp. (habitually found around termites nests) in termite’s mortality. The methods of this research are fungal isolation and then pathogenic test to termites (termite’s infection). The ways of termite infection are contact and digestion. The best method is based on termite’s morta...
Rayap merupakan fauna selulolitik dengan kemampuan distribusi yang luar biasa dalam suatu ekosist... more Rayap merupakan fauna selulolitik dengan kemampuan distribusi yang luar biasa dalam suatu ekosistem. Berdasarkan perilaku makan, tiga golongan fungsional perilaku makan (Wf: wood feeder; Sf: Soil feeder; Fg: Fungus growing) digunakan untuk melihat distribusi fauna tersebut pada empat tipe area yang telah ditentukan. Area dibedakan berdasarkan kedekatan dengan situ, densitas kanopi, eksistensi kayu lapuk/mati, dan tipe lahan. Dengan menggunakan metode transek standar (100x2 meter) sampling dilakukan selama 30 menit per-subtransek (1x5 meter). Diperoleh 10 kelompok genus rayap (Schedorhinotermes, Nasutitermes, Bulbitermes, Procapritermes, Subulitermes, Pericapritermes, Macrotermes, Microtermes, Odontotermes, dan Hospitalitermes) dengan total 195 spesimen. Distribusi longitudinal fauna rayap terlihat bahwa Wf lebih banyak ditemukan pada area yang lebih banyak memiliki kayu mati/lapuk seperti pada lokasi dekat dengan hutan pinus. Sf cenderung mengokupasi area yang jarak dengan situ, den...
Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi and their extracellular enzyme activity from rhizosphere soil... more Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi and their extracellular enzyme activity from rhizosphere soil were carried out. Soil samples were col-lected from rhizosphere under Arecaceae plant collection and a shrub in Bogor Botanic Garden, West Java; and another samples were gath-ered from forest floor on peat land in Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan. Insect bait method was used to catch fungi from soil samples by using Coptotermes sp. termites and Xystrocera festiva larva in the laboratory. A total of 38 fungal isolates belonging to 18 spe-cies and 12 genera were successfully isolated and identified. Isolated fungi were dominated by Deuteromycotina; and Fusarium is the most common (5 species). Peat and Pinanga coronata rhizospheres; and termites bait gave the highest fungal diversity of 9 species respectively. All fungal isolates did not indicate chitinase activity, but 60.53 %, 10.53 % and 13.16 % had both of lipase and protease; lipase and protease activities, respectively. Onl...
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 2020
Mosquitoes are well known as vectors of hazardous diseases for human. Plant extracts can be used ... more Mosquitoes are well known as vectors of hazardous diseases for human. Plant extracts can be used as an alternative for larval control due to they are a rich source of bioactive chemicals and safe for the environment. The present study investigated the larvicidal activity of crude extracts derived from leaf and flower of Brugmansia candida against the second larval instar of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus . The larval mortality was observed at 24 and 48 h exposure of both leaf and flower extracts, at the concentration of 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. The 24 h exposure of both extracts at the concentration of 500 and 1000 ppm resulted in larval mortality rates were significantly lower than those of 48 h exposure. However, the mortality rate was not significantly different at the lower concentrations of crude extracts. The results also suggested that there was no significant difference in the larvicidal effect between leaf and flower extracts at 24 and 48 h exposure for all co...
Utilization of fungal entomopathogen as biological control agent has been developed in several co... more Utilization of fungal entomopathogen as biological control agent has been developed in several country, but not in Indonesia. Therefore, the use of biological control agent to control termite need to be done in order that diminish chemical insecticide hazard. In this research, the ability of fungal entomopathogen (Hyphomycetes) identified as Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria sp. and Humicola sp. to infect Subterranean termite will be evaluated. The fungi were isolated from Indonesia. The research methods are (i) to sporulate fungi in rice culture media; (ii) to formulate fungal entomopathogen being infection materials; (iii) bioassay of fungal entomopathogen against Subterranean termite by contact method. The result of bioassay show that the three fungi ( Humicola, M. anisopliae and Beauveria ) are able to kill termite in 14 days of observation day. Primarily, M. anisopliae has generate termite’s mortality almost similar to Humicola sp. i.e higher than 60 %, in other side Beauveria ...
S (MASTER THESIS) Effects of Diet Composition on Nutritional Physiology and Ecology of Lyctus afr... more S (MASTER THESIS) Effects of Diet Composition on Nutritional Physiology and Ecology of Lyctus africanus (Lesne) (Graduate School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Innovative Humano-Habitability, RISH, Kyoto University) Titik Kartika Several artificial diet combinations, woodand non-wood-based, had been developed for Lyctus brunneus. It was reported that cellulose-based diet was more suitable for mass culture of L. brunneus than that of the wood particle (sawdust)-based one. This study discussed the probability of woodand non-wood-based diets for L. africanus by examining the growth rate, oviposition ability and digestive enzyme (endoglucanase) activity of L. africanus. Three diets, wood particle-based (WP), cellulose powder-based (CP) and alpha cellulose-based (AC) diets, were prepared, and then subjected to adults of L. africanus. Subsequent generations were used to examine the growth rate, population, body weight, and sex ratio (adult stage), oviposition ability (adult stage) and endo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Termite"s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban ... more Termite"s biodiversity is known to be strongly affected by disturbance, particularly in an urban area. The present study evaluated termite biodiversity and distribution in Batam Botanical Garden, an urban conservation area in Batam Island. In the surveyed area, termites could play a major beneficial role through the promotion of essential ecological processes in ecosystems, such as soil modification and rehabilitation; as well as their well-established role as pests for vegetation. Therefore, biodiversity evaluation of termite is very important to identify economically and ecologically important species. Termite survey had been conducted by a 100 x 2 m belt-transect. Transect area was divided into 20 sections (5 x 2 m), in which each section was surveyed for 30 minutes by two trained people. In total, 106 specimens (15 termite genera) were collected from three sampling sites: Plantation, Mangrove forest, and Forest.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Fungi are common organisms in natural forests as well as human-made ecosystem such as botanical g... more Fungi are common organisms in natural forests as well as human-made ecosystem such as botanical gardens. Likewise forest, botanical gardens provide lignocellulose substrates and other organic media for fungi to grow and develop especially fungal species which belong to class Agaricomycetes. Regarding those roles, it is necessary to do more research on fungal exploration in Indonesia to provide taxonomy and diversity on fungi which belong to Agaricomycetes. This research is conducted to study Agaricomycetes fungi in Kuningan Botanical Garden based on their macroscopic morphology. The fungal collection was conducted in July 2017. Fungal samples were collected from four sampling areas, then the samples were identified based on morphology such as the character of cap, stalk, gill, veil, and spore print. Based on morphological observation, fungal samples found in botanical garden were grouped in to twelve families, i.e.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Isolation of phytopahtogen and antagonistic fungi is important in the efforts for managing phytop... more Isolation of phytopahtogen and antagonistic fungi is important in the efforts for managing phytopathogen infestation in cacao plantations. It is related to developing studies to evaluate the association between the two types of organism in the context of establishing integrated pest management to manage widespread pest and disease in cacao crop. This research objective is to study and isolate phytopathogens and antagonistic fungi on cacao. Fungal isolation was conducted from black diseased-cacao pod and soil samples through surface sterilization and serial dilution, respectively. After several culture purification, four fungal isolates were identified through macroscopic colonies and microscope observation. Those fungal isolates are Curvularia, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma. Further research is necessary to test their antagonistic and or synergistic associations in laboratory and field scales.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Preliminary study on termite recognition for food source location was carried out by the subjecti... more Preliminary study on termite recognition for food source location was carried out by the subjection of volatile compounds emitted by Sumatran Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese). Food source recognition by termite was evaluated using a set-up model on the inverted Y-tube apparatus. The apparatus consisted of a release chamber, in which five workers had been released; an intersection chamber, in which termite movement would be evaluated for clockwise and counter-clockwise movements; and a pair of food chamber. Between the intersection chamber and food chambers, a tunnel with 5 cm length was divided into five scale ranges, in which each range was related to a preference score. Various set-up models had been prepared from these concentrations: 0%; 0.5%; 1%; 2%; 4%; 8% of the macerated extract of Sumatran Pine sapwood in 8 mm paper dish. Each set-up consisted of a pair of concentrations: low & high concentration, which was located on different food chambers. The results suggested t...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
View the article online for updates and enhancements. Content from this work may be used under th... more View the article online for updates and enhancements. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economicall... more Chemical pesticide has been used extensively to control Spodoptera litura that attack economically important crops.The use of synthetic pesticides with high intensity is detrimental to the quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of entomopathogenic fungi and neem-based biopesticide on S. litura using spraying and forced feeding method. The treatments were spore solution of Trichoderma viride, Metarhizium sp. T4.B23, Metarhizium sp. B2.2 applied at 108 spores/mL, biopesticide formulation containing neem extract (Agr1) at 10% (v/v), and water as control. Each treatment was sprayed 0.3 mL directly onto larvae of S. litura while in forced feeding method, the larvae were fed on 1 gr of treated water spinach. Entomopathogenic fungal spore solution did not show efficacy on S litura larvae in both methods, while Agr 1 caused 90 and 40% mortality in spraying and forced feeding method, respectively. Furthermore, the efficacy of Agr 1 was compared...
We conducted surveys of termite assemblages and tree trunks damaged by termites in teakwood (Tect... more We conducted surveys of termite assemblages and tree trunks damaged by termites in teakwood (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations. The surveys were conducted in five-, six-, and nine-year-old plantations. We used a standardized belt-transect to collect termites and build tree inventories. Data of collected termites at the genus and functional-group levels and termites’ diversity between plantations were compared with their attack rate. The results showed that four genera of soil recycler termites belonging to groups IIf and III were present across the plantations. Distribution analysis suggested that termite communities might develop from a stochastic distribution to a nonrandom co-occurrence distribution over time. Diversity analysis showed an increased nestedness-resultant diversity contribution to the total dissimilarity over time. Observed attacks on tree trunks were superficial and limited to the outer bark, with group IIf as the main contributor. Furthermore, the level of damage ...
Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodi... more Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodiversity loss. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of indigenous plant extracts from Toba, North Sumatra, and Mt. Merapi National Park regions against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis by calculating the zone of microbial growth inhibition. Among the plant extracts, T5 that identified asToona sinensisshowed the highestmicrobial inhibitionto the growth of C. albicans, B. subtilis, S. typhi, and E. coli with the diameter growth of approximately 2.00, 1.80, 1.33, and 1.33 cm, respectively. Based on those results, T. sinensis was thensubsequently fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively.The resulted fractions also were evaluated for antimicrobial bioassay. All fractions have shown activity in inhibiting the growth of the microbes at 1% concentration. However, each fra...
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