Papers by Kalanidhi Subbarao
World Bank Poverty …, 1999
2. The basic evaluation problemdisentangling project effects from intervening factors.............. more 2. The basic evaluation problemdisentangling project effects from intervening factors........... ................................................................................................................2 ... 5. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in impact evaluation................18 ... 6. Incorporating evaluation ...
Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1995
Female secondary education, family planning, and health programs all reduce fertility and infant ... more Female secondary education, family planning, and health programs all reduce fertility and infant mortality-but the effect of female secondary education appears to be particularly strong.
World Bank Discussion Papers, 1993
This paper reviews the experience with public works programs (PWPs) in several countries over the... more This paper reviews the experience with public works programs (PWPs) in several countries over the past 20 years to delineate use patterns and to determine the factors contributing to its use as a successful safety net program. The analysis shows that PWP have been used extensively in response to either a one-time large covariate shock, or repeated shocks. In low
World Development, 2003
According to many descriptive accounts, the orphan crisis in Africa has assumed alarming proporti... more According to many descriptive accounts, the orphan crisis in Africa has assumed alarming proportions, largely due to AIDS-related deaths. Using household panel data from Uganda to confirm this and assess the impact on affected households and children, we find that (a) receiving a foster child leads to a significant reduction of investment; (b) initial disadvantages in foster childrenÕs access to education were largely eliminated by the introduction of a program of Universal Primary Education; and (c) new inequalities have emerged in foster childrenÕs access to health services. Even though this suggests that specific programs could help to alleviate some of the negative impacts of orphanhood, the policy response in many African countries has remained piecemeal. We use data from existing programs to estimate the cost of a concerted policy response and highlight implications for further research.
Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1995
Female secondary education, family planning, and health programs all reduce fertility and infant ... more Female secondary education, family planning, and health programs all reduce fertility and infant mortality-but the effect of female secondary education appears to be particularly strong.
A recent study estimated that 34.7 million children are orphans in 34 countries with high rates o... more A recent study estimated that 34.7 million children are orphans in 34 countries with high rates of HIV/AIDS. In Uganda, orphans constitute 20 percent of children younger than 15, in Malawi, 16 percent. Even if HIV infection rates level off now, the number of orphans in these countries will reach 44.2 million by 2010 and continue to climb until 2030.
Cash transfers have proliferated in the past decade as key policy instruments to tackle vulnerabi... more Cash transfers have proliferated in the past decade as key policy instruments to tackle vulnerability and inequality. Payment mechanisms (PMs), the backbone of cash transfers, are the channels through which cash travels from the funding source to the hands of beneficiaries. In theory, the harmonization of payment flows in PMs with other program processes is critical to delivering the right benefit to the right people at the right time while minimizing costs. In reality, however, PMs tend to remain disconnected, rendering payments inefficient and plagued by error, fraud and corruption. In recent years, program operators, financial institutions and technology innovators have developed strategies for streamlining payment flows. These innovations, if properly integrated into program management through a Management Information System (MIS) and supported by rigorous outreach, can not only promote efficiency and transparency but also ensure effectiveness. This paper provides a framework for integrating PMs within program management. It walks the reader through seven basic steps to process payments. It does so by articulating the flow of beneficiary information and funds from the point of beneficiary enrollment to payment reconciliation and grievance redress. It also looks at the framework through the lenses of different cash transfer interventions and the cases of Kenya, Rwanda and Mexico. The paper concludes that to execute successful PMs it is key to (i) integrate payments within an MIS; (ii) adopt a cost-effective mix of traditional and technology instruments suitable to the country's context in the short and long run; (iii) decentralize the control and accountability of service provision across government levels; (iv) understand the capacity and incentives of stakeholders; (v) provide manuals, training and information to key players; and (vi) enforce payment parameters and penalize their violation.
Following the transition to a market economy, the incidence and depth of poverty have been a sour... more Following the transition to a market economy, the incidence and depth of poverty have been a source of concern in Romania. Social assistance programs have a critical role in mitigating the short run adverse impacts of transition on vulnerable groups. This paper analyses the distributive impact of public social assistance (transfer) programs, based on the data from the Integrated Household Survey for March 1994, and the available secondary information. The main questions addressed are: how have social assistance transfers fared in the recent period; how effective have the transfers been in reaching the poor; do the programs differ in their distributive impacts; what is the net impact of transfers on the poverty gap ratio, and how significant are the redistributive gins from a better targeting of programs.
Copyright © 1991 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H ... more Copyright © 1991 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing September 1991 Third printing February 1995 ...
World Bank Discussion Papers, 1997
Policy Research Working Papers, 2004
Considerations of risk and vulnerability are key to understanding the dynamics of poverty. This s... more Considerations of risk and vulnerability are key to understanding the dynamics of poverty. This study conceives vulnerability as expected poverty and illustrates a methodology to empirically assess household vulnerability using pseudo panel data derived from repeated cross sections augmented with historical information on shocks.
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Papers by Kalanidhi Subbarao