This is a case report of a male undergraduate pilot student referred from the aerospace medicine ... more This is a case report of a male undergraduate pilot student referred from the aerospace medicine service because of difficulty coping with stresses associated with undergraduate pilot training (UPT). Two phases of a short-term cognitive-behavioral treatment program were undertaken. The initial phase of treatment involved assisting the student to become aware of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological cues that were associated with increased levels of stress, and relaxation training. The second treatment phase involved stress inoculation strategies and coping procedures that were competency based, rather than mastery based. The latter had previously been unsuccessfully used by the student. Results indicated increases in self-reported stress management skills and in objective reports of training performance. Although generalizability of this study is limited, short-term cognitive behavioral therapy procedures are felt to be an important tool for improving the performance of UPT stude...
We conducted a post-consultation survey during 1998-2002 (n = 412 consultations) in the Rural Hos... more We conducted a post-consultation survey during 1998-2002 (n = 412 consultations) in the Rural Hospital Telehealth Project run by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Changes in the patient's diagnosis and treatment plan as a result of the telemedicine session were assessed. There were 47 consultants, who conducted 2-82 consultations each. The teleconsultants established a diagnosis in 74 consultations. This was 26% of the 286 respondents. Of the 63 respondents for cases where there was a prior diagnosis and a change was applicable, 17 consultants (27%) reported that there was a change in the patient's diagnosis. The consultants established a patient treatment plan in 139 consultations. This was 52% of the 268 respondents. Of the 123 respondents for cases where there was a prior treatment plan and a change was applicable, 82 (67%) consultants reported a change in the treatment plan. The changes in diagnosis and management imply benefits for the rural population in Arkansas as a result of the use of telemedicine.
... Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41: 686691. ... Get PDF (459K). Abstract. This study investi... more ... Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41: 686691. ... Get PDF (459K). Abstract. This study investigated the utility of considering Digits Forward (DF) and Digits Backward (DB) as separate components of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). Protocols of WAIS-Rs ...
Populations in nature often consist of a mixture of stages and ages, yet toxicological studies ev... more Populations in nature often consist of a mixture of stages and ages, yet toxicological studies even demographic studies, usually evaluate one starting life stage. In this study it was asked whether the starting age/stage structure of a population at the time of initial pesticide exposure influenced the impact that pesticides have on population growth rates. This question was answered by exposing differently structured populations of two terrestrial arthropod species, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), and the pea aphid, Acrythosiphon pisum (Harris), to pesticides. The three structured populations tested were (1) eggs or neonates for A. pisum and T. urticae, respectively, (2) stable age distribution, and (3) young adult females only. Instantaneous rates of population increase (ri) for the three structured populations were determined over time without exposure to pesticides (control) and after exposure to pesticides. Populations of T. urticae were exposed to 100 ppm of the pesticide dicofol; populations of A. pisum were exposed to 200 ppm Neemix. The ri for the three control populations of T. urticae and A. pisum converged in a closed system 16 and 17 days after the start of the study, respectively. Unlike the control populations, the ri of the three treated populations did not converge by Day 16 for the mite species or Day 17 for the aphid species after exposure to pesticides. Growth rates of populations started as eggs (mites) or neonates (aphids) remained significantly lower than those of the adult or mixed-age populations (P</=0.05). Acute mortality data indicated that exposure to 100 ppm dicofol was equivalent to the LC21 for the egg stage, the LC59 for immatures, and the LC69 for adult T. urticae. Thus, even though the egg stage was the least susceptible stage of T. urticae, populations started as eggs were significantly more susceptible than populations started as the stable age distribution or as adults. It was concluded that the initial structure of a population does have an influence on the impact that pesticides will have on populations and that age/stage structure should be given serious consideration when evaluating toxicant effects.
Several years of survey data indicate that illicit drug use among U.S. youth was at its highest l... more Several years of survey data indicate that illicit drug use among U.S. youth was at its highest level in 1979. Generally, the use of some illicit drugs declined progressively throughout the 1980s, stabilized, and then decreased slightly. Reducing illicit drug use among U.S. youth continues to be a priority of federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. The U.S. government tracks youth illicit drug use through three nationally representative surveys: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Monitoring the Future Study, and Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Other surveys include the Partnership Attitudes Tracking Study, conducted annually to assess youth and parental attitudes about drugs, and Drug Abuse Awareness Network (DAWN), a national surveillance system that monitors trends in drug-related emergency department visits and deaths. Although survey methods differ, similar trends in drug use are well documented by these surveys. Among American youth, illicit use of drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, inhalants, marijuana, LSD, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine has remained relatively stable. However, a noteworthy exception is the increased use of MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). The physical consequences of "club and recreational drug use" are evidenced in the increased numbers of emergency department visits, specifically those related to MDMA and gamma-hydroxy-butyrate use, which may represent a new and emerging trend in illicit drug use.
Dextromethorphan is reviewed in its role as an emerging drug of abuse, and the effects of dextrom... more Dextromethorphan is reviewed in its role as an emerging drug of abuse, and the effects of dextromethorphan, along with those of co-ingredients in OTC formulations, are discussed. The Drug Abuse and Warning Network (DAWN) national data in the United States are examined in the context of data from other poison control centers, and possible national trends are postulated. Implications for dextromethorphan as an emerging drug of abuse are explored. Data from the Arkansas Poison Control Center (APCC) show emerging trends in the abuse of dextromethorphan, particularly in this rural area of the United States.
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 2010
To determine the prevalence of depression in women with diabetes receiving prenatal care and to d... more To determine the prevalence of depression in women with diabetes receiving prenatal care and to determine whether pregnant women with comorbid depression and diabetes are receiving adequate care for depression. Little Rock, AR, between June and August 2007. At a women's health clinic providing obstetrical services to local and statewide patients, the clinical pharmacist functions as a diabetes educator, provides treatment recommendations for the OB/GYN medical residents, and precepts fourth-year student pharmacists. The pharmacist and student pharmacists screened patients with diabetes for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd ed. (BDI-II). Patient demographics, including obstetrical history, type of diabetes, depression history, and current treatments. 50 patients were screened in this pilot study. Of participants, 42% reported scores that indicated clinical depression. Among patients with clinical depression, only 19% were receiving treatment for depression. Obstetrical history (number of pregnancies) showed a positive correlation with the BDI-II total scores (P = 0.0078). This population had a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, but very few women were receiving treatment for depression. Depression screenings should be integrated into routine prenatal care, offering adequate treatment when needed. This study implies that pharmacists can assist with screening for depression in diabetes and thus ensure that at-risk patients receive the attention needed to better manage their illnesses.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2005
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Myers-Briggs type inventory ext... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion is associated with clinical evaluation ratings that students earn during their (obstetrics/gynecology) junior medical student clerkship. Study design: The Myers-Briggs type inventory was administered to medical students during their obstetrics/gynec clerkship. Bivariate correlations between clinical evaluations, National Board of Medical Examiners subject scores, and data from the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion scale were analyzed. Results: Pearson product-moment correlation between clinical and National Board of Medical Examiners subject scores was not significant (r = .25; P = .05). The National Board of Medical Examiners did not show significant correlations with the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion data. The clinical evaluations showed a significant correlation (r = .35; P = .005) with Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion. Conclusion: Results show that Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion is correlated positively with clinical evaluations. The National Board of Medical Examiners subject examination and clinical evaluations were not correlated significantly. Findings question whether clinical evaluation data should be included in the obstetrics/gynecology medical student evaluation process.
This is a case report of a male undergraduate pilot student referred from the aerospace medicine ... more This is a case report of a male undergraduate pilot student referred from the aerospace medicine service because of difficulty coping with stresses associated with undergraduate pilot training (UPT). Two phases of a short-term cognitive-behavioral treatment program were undertaken. The initial phase of treatment involved assisting the student to become aware of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological cues that were associated with increased levels of stress, and relaxation training. The second treatment phase involved stress inoculation strategies and coping procedures that were competency based, rather than mastery based. The latter had previously been unsuccessfully used by the student. Results indicated increases in self-reported stress management skills and in objective reports of training performance. Although generalizability of this study is limited, short-term cognitive behavioral therapy procedures are felt to be an important tool for improving the performance of UPT stude...
We conducted a post-consultation survey during 1998-2002 (n = 412 consultations) in the Rural Hos... more We conducted a post-consultation survey during 1998-2002 (n = 412 consultations) in the Rural Hospital Telehealth Project run by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Changes in the patient's diagnosis and treatment plan as a result of the telemedicine session were assessed. There were 47 consultants, who conducted 2-82 consultations each. The teleconsultants established a diagnosis in 74 consultations. This was 26% of the 286 respondents. Of the 63 respondents for cases where there was a prior diagnosis and a change was applicable, 17 consultants (27%) reported that there was a change in the patient's diagnosis. The consultants established a patient treatment plan in 139 consultations. This was 52% of the 268 respondents. Of the 123 respondents for cases where there was a prior treatment plan and a change was applicable, 82 (67%) consultants reported a change in the treatment plan. The changes in diagnosis and management imply benefits for the rural population in Arkansas as a result of the use of telemedicine.
... Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41: 686691. ... Get PDF (459K). Abstract. This study investi... more ... Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41: 686691. ... Get PDF (459K). Abstract. This study investigated the utility of considering Digits Forward (DF) and Digits Backward (DB) as separate components of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). Protocols of WAIS-Rs ...
Populations in nature often consist of a mixture of stages and ages, yet toxicological studies ev... more Populations in nature often consist of a mixture of stages and ages, yet toxicological studies even demographic studies, usually evaluate one starting life stage. In this study it was asked whether the starting age/stage structure of a population at the time of initial pesticide exposure influenced the impact that pesticides have on population growth rates. This question was answered by exposing differently structured populations of two terrestrial arthropod species, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), and the pea aphid, Acrythosiphon pisum (Harris), to pesticides. The three structured populations tested were (1) eggs or neonates for A. pisum and T. urticae, respectively, (2) stable age distribution, and (3) young adult females only. Instantaneous rates of population increase (ri) for the three structured populations were determined over time without exposure to pesticides (control) and after exposure to pesticides. Populations of T. urticae were exposed to 100 ppm of the pesticide dicofol; populations of A. pisum were exposed to 200 ppm Neemix. The ri for the three control populations of T. urticae and A. pisum converged in a closed system 16 and 17 days after the start of the study, respectively. Unlike the control populations, the ri of the three treated populations did not converge by Day 16 for the mite species or Day 17 for the aphid species after exposure to pesticides. Growth rates of populations started as eggs (mites) or neonates (aphids) remained significantly lower than those of the adult or mixed-age populations (P</=0.05). Acute mortality data indicated that exposure to 100 ppm dicofol was equivalent to the LC21 for the egg stage, the LC59 for immatures, and the LC69 for adult T. urticae. Thus, even though the egg stage was the least susceptible stage of T. urticae, populations started as eggs were significantly more susceptible than populations started as the stable age distribution or as adults. It was concluded that the initial structure of a population does have an influence on the impact that pesticides will have on populations and that age/stage structure should be given serious consideration when evaluating toxicant effects.
Several years of survey data indicate that illicit drug use among U.S. youth was at its highest l... more Several years of survey data indicate that illicit drug use among U.S. youth was at its highest level in 1979. Generally, the use of some illicit drugs declined progressively throughout the 1980s, stabilized, and then decreased slightly. Reducing illicit drug use among U.S. youth continues to be a priority of federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. The U.S. government tracks youth illicit drug use through three nationally representative surveys: National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, Monitoring the Future Study, and Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Other surveys include the Partnership Attitudes Tracking Study, conducted annually to assess youth and parental attitudes about drugs, and Drug Abuse Awareness Network (DAWN), a national surveillance system that monitors trends in drug-related emergency department visits and deaths. Although survey methods differ, similar trends in drug use are well documented by these surveys. Among American youth, illicit use of drugs such as tobacco, alcohol, inhalants, marijuana, LSD, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine has remained relatively stable. However, a noteworthy exception is the increased use of MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). The physical consequences of "club and recreational drug use" are evidenced in the increased numbers of emergency department visits, specifically those related to MDMA and gamma-hydroxy-butyrate use, which may represent a new and emerging trend in illicit drug use.
Dextromethorphan is reviewed in its role as an emerging drug of abuse, and the effects of dextrom... more Dextromethorphan is reviewed in its role as an emerging drug of abuse, and the effects of dextromethorphan, along with those of co-ingredients in OTC formulations, are discussed. The Drug Abuse and Warning Network (DAWN) national data in the United States are examined in the context of data from other poison control centers, and possible national trends are postulated. Implications for dextromethorphan as an emerging drug of abuse are explored. Data from the Arkansas Poison Control Center (APCC) show emerging trends in the abuse of dextromethorphan, particularly in this rural area of the United States.
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 2010
To determine the prevalence of depression in women with diabetes receiving prenatal care and to d... more To determine the prevalence of depression in women with diabetes receiving prenatal care and to determine whether pregnant women with comorbid depression and diabetes are receiving adequate care for depression. Little Rock, AR, between June and August 2007. At a women's health clinic providing obstetrical services to local and statewide patients, the clinical pharmacist functions as a diabetes educator, provides treatment recommendations for the OB/GYN medical residents, and precepts fourth-year student pharmacists. The pharmacist and student pharmacists screened patients with diabetes for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory, 2nd ed. (BDI-II). Patient demographics, including obstetrical history, type of diabetes, depression history, and current treatments. 50 patients were screened in this pilot study. Of participants, 42% reported scores that indicated clinical depression. Among patients with clinical depression, only 19% were receiving treatment for depression. Obstetrical history (number of pregnancies) showed a positive correlation with the BDI-II total scores (P = 0.0078). This population had a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, but very few women were receiving treatment for depression. Depression screenings should be integrated into routine prenatal care, offering adequate treatment when needed. This study implies that pharmacists can assist with screening for depression in diabetes and thus ensure that at-risk patients receive the attention needed to better manage their illnesses.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2005
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Myers-Briggs type inventory ext... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion is associated with clinical evaluation ratings that students earn during their (obstetrics/gynecology) junior medical student clerkship. Study design: The Myers-Briggs type inventory was administered to medical students during their obstetrics/gynec clerkship. Bivariate correlations between clinical evaluations, National Board of Medical Examiners subject scores, and data from the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion scale were analyzed. Results: Pearson product-moment correlation between clinical and National Board of Medical Examiners subject scores was not significant (r = .25; P = .05). The National Board of Medical Examiners did not show significant correlations with the Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion data. The clinical evaluations showed a significant correlation (r = .35; P = .005) with Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion. Conclusion: Results show that Myers-Briggs type inventory extraversion is correlated positively with clinical evaluations. The National Board of Medical Examiners subject examination and clinical evaluations were not correlated significantly. Findings question whether clinical evaluation data should be included in the obstetrics/gynecology medical student evaluation process.
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