In this study we present a model for the outgoing telephone traÅ c from Spain to a group of 24 Eu... more In this study we present a model for the outgoing telephone traÅ c from Spain to a group of 24 European countries. We use a point-to-point model that incorporates the speci® c characteristics of the international long distance service and the socio- economic relationships between Spain and this group of countries, taking into account the simultaneity between incoming and outgoing
Information technology can link geographically separated people and help them locate interesting ... more Information technology can link geographically separated people and help them locate interesting or compatible resources. Although these attributes have the potential to bridge gaps and unite communities, they also have the potential to fragment interaction and divide groups by leading people to spend more time on special interests and by screening out less preferred contact. This paper introduces precise measures of information integration and develops a model of individual knowledge profiles and community affiliation. These factors suggest different conditions under which improved access, search, and screening can integrate or fragment interaction. As IT capabilities continue to improve, preferences, not geography or technology, become the key determinants of community boundaries.
1 study was conducted to investigate the complex influences which converge on the Federal Communi... more 1 study was conducted to investigate the complex influences which converge on the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The literature revealed that in the past, most attempts by individuals or groups to have a voice in the renewal of a broadcaster's license set with failure because the FCC generally abandoned both its formulated policy and its evaluated standards in favor of a general bias toward the licensee. During 1963-1973 there were over 250 petitions filed with the FCC, but the bulk were either dismissed or withdrawn. In this study, a questionnaire was completed for 230 cases brought before the FCC by individuals or groups outside the broadcasting industry, and economic information was collected for each licensee involved. The analysis produced support for the hypothesis twat the FCC will generally favor those parties who have the greatest financial investment at risk as a result of the
This article examines the nature of the gap in household telephone penetration among Whites, Blac... more This article examines the nature of the gap in household telephone penetration among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. By analyzing historic and current penetration levels of the radio, television, and telephone, it suggests that most information technology gaps are amalgamations of smaller socioeconomic trends and can be discerned and reduced only with careful historical analysis of both technology choices and living patterns. It proposes localized universal service strategies, since the penetration gaps are affected by a complex array of factors more particular to localities than to the country as a whole and as such must be investigated with rigor and caution if progress toward the elimination of penetration gaps is to occur.
The objective of the paper is to make a contribution to a conceptual model of information indicat... more The objective of the paper is to make a contribution to a conceptual model of information indicators. As suggested by the recent surge in the development of quantitative measures of “e-readiness ” or “e-metrics ” in both academic and industry research, macro level indicators of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are an essential tool for quantifying the “Digital Divide”, thus having a profound role in the development of effective policies to overcome it. A variety of statistics are being currently used to measure Internet access or level of deployment of ICT at various levels, but the underlying theory is non-existent at best, data are often not comparable, the choice of indicators is much too subjective, and the variables chosen, statistics, their methodologies and the logical process of arriving at a choice for one index rather than another do not have common conceptual ground, thus lacking concurrent validity. This fact is obvious when comparing same level rankings ...
There was a time when gaps in the social fabric ripped the picture of America as the land of oppo... more There was a time when gaps in the social fabric ripped the picture of America as the land of opportunity. Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the reality of that image at his second inaugural: he looked out beyond his audience and declared," I see one-third of a nation ill-...
Communication and Information Jorge Reina Schement In the rhetoric of the Information Age, commun... more Communication and Information Jorge Reina Schement In the rhetoric of the Information Age, communication and infor-mation are converging toward synonymous meanings. Consider organizational structures like information systems/communication systems, which ...
This volume addresses how advances in the communications and information sectors affect democrati... more This volume addresses how advances in the communications and information sectors affect democratic institutions, and offers a set of first principles for communications rights and responsibilities in the digital age, including discussions of important privacy and property rights.
... Lee Becker, Jeffrey Fruit, & Susan Caudill • The Training and Hiring of Journalist He... more ... Lee Becker, Jeffrey Fruit, & Susan Caudill • The Training and Hiring of Journalist Herbert Dordick, Helen Bradley, & Burt ... Nordenstreng • The Mass Media Declaration of UNESCO David Paletz • Political Communication Research Everett Rogers & Francis Balle • The Media ...
The Communication Crisis in America, And How to Fix It, 2016
This chapter highlights trends and challenges and proposes solutions in crafting a new policy for... more This chapter highlights trends and challenges and proposes solutions in crafting a new policy for critical communication in the midst of American diversity. Here and now, in the early twenty-first century, diversity can be understood neither as trend nor as evolution, but as the defining element of the American present. The fact of rapidly shifting populations deepens and renders more complex the challenge Americans face as they address communication needs in times of crisis. Understanding and contextualizing the trends driving the future of the American population is key to any discussion of critical information needs. The chapter provides an overview of Hispanic-American, African-American, Asian-American, and language diversity demographics in the USA and how policymakers can approach the information needs of a changing American population.
Abstract: In order to examine whether the relationship between Spanish speaking Americans in five... more Abstract: In order to examine whether the relationship between Spanish speaking Americans in five southwestern states and Spanish language commercial radio stations reveals evidence of media colonialism, a survey of 41 Primary Spanish Language Radio ( ...
Most students and scholars read Henry David Thoreau as a philosopher of individual responsibility... more Most students and scholars read Henry David Thoreau as a philosopher of individual responsibility. In the 1960s, students absorbed Thoreau to legitimize their protests against the Vietnam War, though few knew that the war against which Thoreau himself protested ...
In this study we present a model for the outgoing telephone traÅ c from Spain to a group of 24 Eu... more In this study we present a model for the outgoing telephone traÅ c from Spain to a group of 24 European countries. We use a point-to-point model that incorporates the speci® c characteristics of the international long distance service and the socio- economic relationships between Spain and this group of countries, taking into account the simultaneity between incoming and outgoing
Information technology can link geographically separated people and help them locate interesting ... more Information technology can link geographically separated people and help them locate interesting or compatible resources. Although these attributes have the potential to bridge gaps and unite communities, they also have the potential to fragment interaction and divide groups by leading people to spend more time on special interests and by screening out less preferred contact. This paper introduces precise measures of information integration and develops a model of individual knowledge profiles and community affiliation. These factors suggest different conditions under which improved access, search, and screening can integrate or fragment interaction. As IT capabilities continue to improve, preferences, not geography or technology, become the key determinants of community boundaries.
1 study was conducted to investigate the complex influences which converge on the Federal Communi... more 1 study was conducted to investigate the complex influences which converge on the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The literature revealed that in the past, most attempts by individuals or groups to have a voice in the renewal of a broadcaster's license set with failure because the FCC generally abandoned both its formulated policy and its evaluated standards in favor of a general bias toward the licensee. During 1963-1973 there were over 250 petitions filed with the FCC, but the bulk were either dismissed or withdrawn. In this study, a questionnaire was completed for 230 cases brought before the FCC by individuals or groups outside the broadcasting industry, and economic information was collected for each licensee involved. The analysis produced support for the hypothesis twat the FCC will generally favor those parties who have the greatest financial investment at risk as a result of the
This article examines the nature of the gap in household telephone penetration among Whites, Blac... more This article examines the nature of the gap in household telephone penetration among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. By analyzing historic and current penetration levels of the radio, television, and telephone, it suggests that most information technology gaps are amalgamations of smaller socioeconomic trends and can be discerned and reduced only with careful historical analysis of both technology choices and living patterns. It proposes localized universal service strategies, since the penetration gaps are affected by a complex array of factors more particular to localities than to the country as a whole and as such must be investigated with rigor and caution if progress toward the elimination of penetration gaps is to occur.
The objective of the paper is to make a contribution to a conceptual model of information indicat... more The objective of the paper is to make a contribution to a conceptual model of information indicators. As suggested by the recent surge in the development of quantitative measures of “e-readiness ” or “e-metrics ” in both academic and industry research, macro level indicators of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are an essential tool for quantifying the “Digital Divide”, thus having a profound role in the development of effective policies to overcome it. A variety of statistics are being currently used to measure Internet access or level of deployment of ICT at various levels, but the underlying theory is non-existent at best, data are often not comparable, the choice of indicators is much too subjective, and the variables chosen, statistics, their methodologies and the logical process of arriving at a choice for one index rather than another do not have common conceptual ground, thus lacking concurrent validity. This fact is obvious when comparing same level rankings ...
There was a time when gaps in the social fabric ripped the picture of America as the land of oppo... more There was a time when gaps in the social fabric ripped the picture of America as the land of opportunity. Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the reality of that image at his second inaugural: he looked out beyond his audience and declared," I see one-third of a nation ill-...
Communication and Information Jorge Reina Schement In the rhetoric of the Information Age, commun... more Communication and Information Jorge Reina Schement In the rhetoric of the Information Age, communication and infor-mation are converging toward synonymous meanings. Consider organizational structures like information systems/communication systems, which ...
This volume addresses how advances in the communications and information sectors affect democrati... more This volume addresses how advances in the communications and information sectors affect democratic institutions, and offers a set of first principles for communications rights and responsibilities in the digital age, including discussions of important privacy and property rights.
... Lee Becker, Jeffrey Fruit, & Susan Caudill • The Training and Hiring of Journalist He... more ... Lee Becker, Jeffrey Fruit, & Susan Caudill • The Training and Hiring of Journalist Herbert Dordick, Helen Bradley, & Burt ... Nordenstreng • The Mass Media Declaration of UNESCO David Paletz • Political Communication Research Everett Rogers & Francis Balle • The Media ...
The Communication Crisis in America, And How to Fix It, 2016
This chapter highlights trends and challenges and proposes solutions in crafting a new policy for... more This chapter highlights trends and challenges and proposes solutions in crafting a new policy for critical communication in the midst of American diversity. Here and now, in the early twenty-first century, diversity can be understood neither as trend nor as evolution, but as the defining element of the American present. The fact of rapidly shifting populations deepens and renders more complex the challenge Americans face as they address communication needs in times of crisis. Understanding and contextualizing the trends driving the future of the American population is key to any discussion of critical information needs. The chapter provides an overview of Hispanic-American, African-American, Asian-American, and language diversity demographics in the USA and how policymakers can approach the information needs of a changing American population.
Abstract: In order to examine whether the relationship between Spanish speaking Americans in five... more Abstract: In order to examine whether the relationship between Spanish speaking Americans in five southwestern states and Spanish language commercial radio stations reveals evidence of media colonialism, a survey of 41 Primary Spanish Language Radio ( ...
Most students and scholars read Henry David Thoreau as a philosopher of individual responsibility... more Most students and scholars read Henry David Thoreau as a philosopher of individual responsibility. In the 1960s, students absorbed Thoreau to legitimize their protests against the Vietnam War, though few knew that the war against which Thoreau himself protested ...
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