Papers by Joost Schilperoord
The goal of this study is two-fold. First, it will reveal to what extent differences in amount of... more The goal of this study is two-fold. First, it will reveal to what extent differences in amount of experience with a particular register manifest themselves in different familiarity judgments when faced with word sequences that are characteristic of that register. To this end, three groups of participants –recruiters, job-seekers, and people not (yet) looking for a job– performed a metalinguistic judgment task in which they assigned familiarity ratings to two sets of stimuli – word sequences characteristic of either job ads or news reports. As the three groups differ in experience in the domain of job hunting, they are likely to differ in experience with collocations that are typically used in that domain. According to usage-based theories, these differences in experience lead to differences in mental representations of language. This leads to a testable hypothesis: If familiarity judgments give expression to linguistic representations, the ratings should reflect these differences. T...
In this article the results are presented of a corpus analytical study of text production process... more In this article the results are presented of a corpus analytical study of text production processes. We combine on line process data (pausing times) with off line product data (text analyses). The methods we use in analyzing them are explained by means of a model of text production research. In the analytic part we explore the relation between pausing patterns and text structural features. The results are elaborated in a cognitive model of real time text production
Applications of Cognitive Linguistics [ACL]
Aries netwerk: een constructicon, Sep 30, 2016
Cognitive Semantics
This paper adopts a construction-grammar approach to multimodal meaning. We provide a detailed an... more This paper adopts a construction-grammar approach to multimodal meaning. We provide a detailed analysis of the Before-After-construction used frequently in advertisements, cartoons and Internet memes. We demonstrate that parts of its generic ‘caused-change’ meaning is compositional, and rendered independently from what is overtly expressed by concrete instances of the pattern. The latter hence build on an abstract multimodal construction whose form elements are paired idiosyncratically with meaning, just like linguistic constructions proper. We show that non-standard instances of the Before-After-construction represent deviations based on a systematized standard Before-After-construction. Finally, we argue that the Before-After-construction belongs to a broader inheritance hierarchy of two-image multimodal construction types, while also providing one amongst several options to convey caused-change. Altogether, we demonstrate that multimodal expressions instantiate similar properties...
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Language is typically embedded in multimodal communication, yet models of linguistic competence d... more Language is typically embedded in multimodal communication, yet models of linguistic competence do not often incorporate this complexity. Meanwhile, speech, gesture, and/or pictures are each considered as indivisible components of multimodal messages. Here, we argue that multimodality should not be characterized by whole interacting behaviors, but by interactions of similar substructures which permeate across expressive behaviors. These structures comprise a unified architecture and align within Jackendoff's Parallel Architecture: a modality, meaning, and grammar. Because this tripartite architecture persists across modalities, interactions can manifest within each of these substructures. Interactions between modalities alone create correspondences in time (ex. speech with gesture) or space (ex. writing with pictures) of the sensory signals, while multimodal meaning-making balances how modalities carry “semantic weight” for the gist of the whole expression. Here we focus primari...
conclusions 1. Understanding a cartoon = decompressing the blend until the network fits = an equi... more conclusions 1. Understanding a cartoon = decompressing the blend until the network fits = an equilibrium is reached 2. The meaing of a cartoon is determined by the relations between the reconstructed input spaces 3. Running a blend develops from simple to complex forms 4. The more run it takes before finding an equilibrium, the more complex the resulting meaning is.
Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2019
Language and Cognition, 2018
abstractWhile theories on predictive processing posit that predictions are based on one’s prior e... more abstractWhile theories on predictive processing posit that predictions are based on one’s prior experiences, experimental work has effectively ignored the fact that people differ from each other in their linguistic experiences and, consequently, in the predictions they generate. We examine usage-based variation by means of three groups of participants (recruiters, job-seekers, and people not (yet) looking for a job), two stimuli sets (word sequences characteristic of either job ads or news reports), and two experiments (a Completion task and a Voice Onset Time task). We show that differences in experiences with a particular register result in different expectations regarding word sequences characteristic of that register, thus pointing to differences in mental representations of language. Subsequently, we investigate to what extent different operationalizations of word predictability are accurate predictors of voice onset times. A measure of a participant’s own expectations proves t...
Arts, 2018
Designers are increasingly involved in creating ‘popular’ data visualizations in mass media. Scie... more Designers are increasingly involved in creating ‘popular’ data visualizations in mass media. Scientists in the field of information visualization propose collaborations between designers and scientists in popular data visualization. They assume that designers put more emphasis on aesthetics than on clarity in their representation of data, and that they aim to convey subjective, rather than objective, information. We investigated designers’ criteria for good design for a broad audience by interviewing professional designers and by reviewing information design handbooks. Additionally, we investigated what might make a visualization aesthetically pleasing (attractive) in the view of the designers. Results show that, according to the information designers, clarity and aesthetics are the main criteria, with clarity being the most important. They aim to objectively inform the public, rather than conveying personal opinions. Furthermore, although aesthetics is considered important, design ...
Metaphor and Symbol, 2017
When people comprehend language, they mentally represent object shape. Previous research has show... more When people comprehend language, they mentally represent object shape. Previous research has shown that objects that are mentioned in a simile construction (X is like Y) are represented as similarly shaped. The present study examined object shape in mental representations of negated similes (X is NOT like Y). In our experiment participants read negated similes or control sentences without a comparison structure. After having read the sentence, they judged whether two presented objects, which were either similarly or dissimilarly shaped, were previously mentioned. Our findings showed that for the negated similes, verification latencies were shorter for similarly shaped than for dissimilarly shaped objects. This shows that the expected situation (without the negation marker), rather than the actual situation is represented. For the control sentences, we did not find such an effect of similarity in shape. We discuss our findings in the light of processing theories of negation and comparison.
J Vasc Interven Radiol, 2006
Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies
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Papers by Joost Schilperoord