Papers by Jessica Martinez
International journal of athletic therapy & training, 2024
Journal of Athletic Training, Sep 1, 2022
Context: Preventive training programs (PTPs) reduce injury risk by improving movement control. Co... more Context: Preventive training programs (PTPs) reduce injury risk by improving movement control. Corrective feedback is important; however, many cues at once may be too complicated for athletes. Objective: To compare movement control and long-jump (LJ) changes in youth athletes participating in a season-long PTP, with simplified feedback, traditional feedback, or a warmup of the coaches' choosing. Design: Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Setting: Soccer fields. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 420 athletes (simplified feedback ¼ 173, traditional feedback ¼ 118, and control ¼ 129; age ¼ 11 6 3 years). Intervention(s): Teams were randomized into the simplified PTP, traditional PTP, or control group. Simplified and traditional PTPs lasted 10 to 12 minutes and used the same exercises. The simplified PTP provided only sagittal-plane feedback (eg, ''get low''), and the traditional PTP provided feedback targeting all motion planes (eg, ''don't let your knees cave inward''). Research assistants administered the PTP warmups 2 to 3 times/week for the season. Control team coaches chose and ran their own warmup strategies. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed 4 sessions (preseason [PRE], postseason [POST] at approximately 8 weeks after PRE, retention 1 [R1] at 6 weeks postseason, and retention 2 [R2] at 12 weeks postseason). They performed 3 trials of a jump-landing task, which was evaluated using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and 2 recorded standing LJ trials at each test session. A time series panel was used to evaluate group differences across time points for the LESS and LJ. Results: Change score analyses revealed improvements in the LESS score from PRE to POST for all groups. Improvements from PRE were retained at R1 and R2 for the intervention groups (simplified and traditional). The traditional group demonstrated better LJ performance at POST (P , .001) and R1 (P ¼ .049) than the simplified or control group. Conclusions: Simplified cues were as effective as traditional cues in improving LESS scores from PRE to POST season. Participating in PTPs, regardless of their complexity, likely provides movement benefits.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, May 1, 2016
Sports Biomechanics, Nov 11, 2019
No objective criteria exist for progressing athletes into cutting manoeuvres following ACL recons... more No objective criteria exist for progressing athletes into cutting manoeuvres following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a jump-cut task (JC) and the single-limb squat (SLS) in both ACLR and healthy controls. Case-control, laboratory based. Twenty-three participants with a history of ACLR (Age = 21 ± 3 years; Height = 174.5 ± 7.2 cm; Mass = 76.2 ± 9.9 kg) and 23 healthy controls participants (Age = 21 ± 3 years; Height = 173.8 ± 9.2 cm; Mass = 75.0 ± 10.5 kg) were included. Kinematics were collected bilaterally. Correlations between tasks were evaluated for kinematics. Independent sample t-tests were used to evaluate differences between groups for each dependent variable. Peak trunk rotation and medial knee displacement were strongly correlated (p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.63), between tasks. ACLR group performed SLS and JC tasks with less sagittal plane motion compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Lack of frontal and transverse plane control during SLS resulted in positions of increased lateral trunk flexion, hip adduction, and medial knee displacement during JC. The SLS may be considered for use as a clinical predictor of JC during rehabilitation following ACLR.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, May 1, 2014
The primary aim of this study is to compare the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in conta... more The primary aim of this study is to compare the epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in contact versus noncontact sports in sports specialized middle and high school. METHODS: The medical records from the Center of Sports Medicine and Exercise Sciences in the Olympic Training Facility medical clinic were review. We collected data from patients that were part of the Sports-Specialized Community School located in the Olympic Training Facility during July 2011-June 2012. Injury was defined as any event that occurred during participation of sport requiring medical attention from physician at our clinic. Sports were divided in contact (basketball, Boxing, Handball, Judo, Soccer, Taekwondo, Wrestling) and noncontact sports (badminton, cycling, fencing, Gymnastics, Shooting, swimming, table tennis, tennis, track & field, Triathlon, volleyball, weight lifting). RESULTS: A total of 141 subjects from nineteen sport disciplines (63 boys and 78 girls) were included, of which 68 practice contact sports and 63 were in noncontact sports. A total of 220 musculoskeletal injuries were evaluated. There was no significance difference in severity, chronicity and type of injury when comparing contact versus noncontact sports. Contusions were most common in contact (24.1%) than in noncontact sports (8%) as opposed to tendinopathies that were most common in noncontact (17.8%) than in contact sports (4.6). Foot & ankle injuries occurred most often in contact than in noncontact sports (10% and 1% respectively). Overall there is a higher risk of injury in contact (56%) than in noncontact sports (40%). CONCLUSION: This Preliminary data suggest that contact sports may present a higher risk of injury in the youth population. A sports specialized school training regimen may predispose these athletes to injury. Further studies are needed to better understand injury to this population.
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Nov 13, 2017
DiStefano et al S afe participation in sports is critical for keeping children physically active.... more DiStefano et al S afe participation in sports is critical for keeping children physically active. With only 30% of adolescents achieving the daily recommended doses of physical activity, 8 there is a growing need to increase and maintain regular sport participation. Many children who are active in sports are choosing to specialize, or only participate in 1 sport at an early age, with goals of achieving elite athletic success. 25 Early sport specialization may be detrimental to a child's development for 736056S PHXXX10.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2014
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016
CONCLUSION: The DCP tights influenced the skier to adjust the COP forward and toward the inner ed... more CONCLUSION: The DCP tights influenced the skier to adjust the COP forward and toward the inner edge of the downhill ski which reduced the peak GRF and improved dynamic balance but differences between the right and left legs persisted.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2015
Injury prevention programs (IPPs) can decrease injury rate and improve both neuromuscular control... more Injury prevention programs (IPPs) can decrease injury rate and improve both neuromuscular control and performance outcomes for athletes. Benefits from IPPs are directly related to program adherence and high program dosage. Coaches represent the most viable option for ensuring long-term IPP use. However there is limited knowledge on how to most effectively train coaches to implement these programs and if previous exposure to a researcher-led IPP influences a coach's attitudes towards implementing an IPP. PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of a pre-season IPP workshop on coaches' attitudes with and without exposure to a researcher-led program. METHODS: Twelve youth soccer teams were cluster randomized into groups with (Experience (EXP);n=6) and without (Novice (NOV);n=6) previous exposure to a researcher-led IPP. The EXP coaches' teams participated in an 8-week long researcher-led IPP intervention before the coach attended an IPP workshop. The NOV coaches only attended the IPP workshop. Coaches were given a survey evaluating attitudes before (PRE), after (POSTW) the workshop, and a concluding survey at the last game of the season (POSTSea). All questions utilized a five-point Likert scale (5=Strongly Agree, 1=Strongly Disagree). These responses were dichotomized (4-5=Yes, 1-3=No). Chi-Square tests were performed to evaluate coaches' confidence and perceived preparedness to implement an IPP. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between EXP and NOV answers at PRE (p>0.05) so both groups were combined to evaluate differences between PRE and POSTW as well as POSTW and POSTSea. Regardless of previous experience with a researcher-led IPP, following the workshop coaches felt that they now had enough knowledge to lead an IPP (χ² [1, N=12]=7.29, p=0.007;(12/12 coaches)), that they now had enough experience to run an IPP (χ² [1, N=12]=3.74, p=0.05;(10/12 coaches)), that they felt prepared to lead an IPP (χ² [1, N=12]=5.77, p=0.016;(12/12 coaches)), and that they could effectively implement (χ² [1, N=12]=4.40, p=0.04;(12/12 coaches)). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of experience with a researcher-led IPP, the workshop helped improve coaching confidence levels and coaches' perceived ability to lead an effective IPP on their own. Future research should evaluate the individual components of the coaches' workshop to determine the most effective teaching strategies. Supported by University of Connecticut small faculty grant.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2015
The landing patterns are highly repeatable across trials for all subjects on both limbs. However,... more The landing patterns are highly repeatable across trials for all subjects on both limbs. However, the movement pattern asymmetries appear to be subject specific based on the range of CMC values reported. A subject specific analysis of symmetry could improve the understanding of movement quality and could be used in combination with discrete symmetry analysis to better understand secondary ACL injury risk.
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2017
Context:Neuromuscular training programs (NTPs) improve landing technique and decrease vertical gr... more Context:Neuromuscular training programs (NTPs) improve landing technique and decrease vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRFs), resulting in injury-risk reduction. NTPs in an aquatic environment may elicit the same improvements as land-based programs with reduced joint stress.Objective:To examine the effects of an aquatic NTP on landing technique as measured by the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and VGRFs, immediately and 4 mo after the intervention.Design and Setting:Repeated measures, pool and laboratory.Participants:Fifteen healthy, recreationally active women (age 21 ± 2 y, mass 62.02 ± 8.18 kg, height 164.74 ± 5.97 cm) who demonstrated poor landing technique (LESS-Real Time > 4).Interventions:All participants completed an aquatic NTP 3 times/wk for 6 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Participants’ landing technique was evaluated using a jump-landing task immediately before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 4 mo after (RET) the intervention period. A single rater, blinded to ti...
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
Introduction Collegiate athletes who suffer a concussion may possess prolonged impairments even a... more Introduction Collegiate athletes who suffer a concussion may possess prolonged impairments even after clearance for return-to-participation, which may place them at an increased risk of lower extremity injury. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining risk of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury following a concussion in collegiate athletes. Methods A literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus. The following search terms were used to identify relevant articles, [“concussion” OR “brain injury” OR “mild traumatic brain injury” OR “mTBI”] AND [“lower extremity injury” OR “musculoskeletal injury”]. Articles were included if they were published between January 2000 and July 2021 and examined collegiate athletes’ risk of sustaining a lower extremity musculoskeletal injury following a concussion. Methodological quality of included studies was performed with a modified Downs and Black Checklist. The prim...
Background: Injury prevention programs (IPP) decrease lower extremity injury rates and improve mo... more Background: Injury prevention programs (IPP) decrease lower extremity injury rates and improve movement-based risk factors, but many coaches and players do not adopt these programs. The time required for these programs is frequently reported as a barrier to program adoption. It is not known if a shorter duration IPP can improve movement technique in a manner thought to reduce the risk of injury. Purpose: To examine if a shorter duration IPP is able to elicit improvements in movement technique similar to the F11+ program in female, high school athletes. A secondary aim was to assess high-risk (LESS ≥ 5) participants' response to the intervention. Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial Methods: Seventy-six healthy, female athletes (Age=15±1 y, Mass: 59.9±10.4 kg, Height: 166.4±6.3 cm) (Field Hockey=21, Soccer=31, Volleyball=24). Participants were stratified by team and randomized into one of three warm-up interventions: Focused (N=25), F11+ (N= 24) or Control (N=27). Participants completed a test session before and after their 2014 Fall season (8-10 weeks). At each session they performed three trials of a jump-landing task. Each jump was scored using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). All participants performed their assigned warm-up program prior to sport practices. Separate 3x2 mixed model ANOVA or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests for each dependent variable were used to evaluate differences between groups or test sessions.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016
angular velocities of the pelvis, torso, shoulder, stick, and relative times at which these event... more angular velocities of the pelvis, torso, shoulder, stick, and relative times at which these events occurred were found. Shoulder motion in crank-back was determined relative to the pelvis position. Kinematics of the overhead lacrosse shot using the dominant arm were calculated using standard rigid body mechanics equations. Kinematic events were expressed as a percent of the shot cycle. RESULTS: Golfers had greater shoulder crank-back in preparation for the throw than non-golfers (-37.3 deg vs -29.2 deg, respectively; p=.024). Peak pelvis angular velocity was not different between groups, but this velocity occurred earlier in the shot cycle of golfers than non-golfers (34.5% and 57.1% of shot cycle, respectively; p=.024). Upper torso peak angular velocity occurred earlier in golfers than non-golfers (57.2% vs. 70.6% of shot cycle respectively; p=.05). Shot time was 17% shorter, and shot speed was greater in golfers than non-golfers (132 km/h vs. 106 km/h; p=.002). CONCLUSION: Lacrosse players may consider golf as a secondary sport to help transfer rotational skills to shooting, by enhancing early peak segmental angular velocities and ball speed.
Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2016
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2015
Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia, Jan 26, 2016
To examine what factors influence a high school female athlete's stated willingness to perfor... more To examine what factors influence a high school female athlete's stated willingness to perform a lower extremity injury prevention program (IPP). A secondary aim was to examine if a participant's stated willingness affected her compliance with an IPP. Repeated measures. We surveyed high school female field hockey, soccer and volleyball athletes before and after a season-long IPP warm-up intervention. Participants completed the Injury Prevention Program Attitude Survey (IPPAS), a paper and pencil survey utilizing Likert-style and open-ended questions. It was used to assess the athletes' willingness to perform an IPP if the data proved the player would experience improved performance, fewer injuries and risk factors, what outside factors influence their willingness to perform an IPP, who they would feel comfortable leading their team in an IPP, and what they believe an IPP can improve. Participants responded that they were willing to perform an IPP if data proved that they...
Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia, Jan 26, 2016
To examine what factors influence a high school female athlete's stated willingness to perfor... more To examine what factors influence a high school female athlete's stated willingness to perform a lower extremity injury prevention program (IPP). A secondary aim was to examine if a participant's stated willingness affected her compliance with an IPP. Repeated measures. We surveyed high school female field hockey, soccer and volleyball athletes before and after a season-long IPP warm-up intervention. Participants completed the Injury Prevention Program Attitude Survey (IPPAS), a paper and pencil survey utilizing Likert-style and open-ended questions. It was used to assess the athletes' willingness to perform an IPP if the data proved the player would experience improved performance, fewer injuries and risk factors, what outside factors influence their willingness to perform an IPP, who they would feel comfortable leading their team in an IPP, and what they believe an IPP can improve. Participants responded that they were willing to perform an IPP if data proved that they...
Journal of science and medicine in sport, Jan 24, 2017
Long-term implementation of preventive training programs (PTP) in youth sport requires coach invo... more Long-term implementation of preventive training programs (PTP) in youth sport requires coach involvement. However, the optimal training of coaches to effectively implement a PTP remains unknown. It is also unknown if the benefits of PTP can be enhanced with multiple sport seasons of exposure. To evaluate the influence of prior PTP exposure on movement technique in youth soccer players after completing a coach-led PTP. Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Twelve youth soccer teams (n=89; age range 8-14 years) were divided into groups with (Experience (EXP); 6 teams [n=18 females, n=25 males]) and without (Novice (NOV); 6 teams [n=30 females, n=16 males]) previous professional-led PTP experience. The coaches and players of the EXP teams were exposed to an eight-week professional-led PTP before the coach-led PTP. EXP and NOV coaches attended the educational workshop prior to implementing the coach-led PTP. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was used to evaluate movement technique....
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Papers by Jessica Martinez