Papers by Jakub Szałatkiewicz
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2016
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2014
Materials Science-Poland, 2013
Superior electrical properties of carbon nanotubes were utilized by the authors in the fabricatio... more Superior electrical properties of carbon nanotubes were utilized by the authors in the fabrication of printed resistors. In common applications such as electrodes or sensors, only basic electrical and mechanical properties are investigated, leaving aside other key parameters related to the stability and reliability of particular elements. In this paper we present experimental results on the properties of printed resistive layers. One of the most important issues is their stability under high currents creating excessive thermal stresses. In order to investigate such behavior, a high direct current stress test was performed along with the observation of temperature distribution that allowed us to gain a fundamental insight into the electrical behavior at such operating conditions. These experiments allowed us to observe parametric failure or catastrophic damage that occurred under excessive supply parameters. Electrical parameters of all investigated samples remained stable after applying currents inducing an increase in temperature up to 130 • C and 200 • C. For selected samples, catastrophic failure was observed at the current values inducing temperature above 220 • C and 300 • C but in all cases the failure was related to the damage of PET or alumina substrate. Additional experiments were carried out with short high voltage pulse stresses. Printed resistors filled with nanomaterials sustained similar voltage levels (up to 750 V) without changing their parameters, while commonly used graphite filled polymer resistors changed their resistance value.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015
New technologies and systems require precise insight of theirs parameters, which are in some case... more New technologies and systems require precise insight of theirs parameters, which are in some cases difficult to measure. One of technique for obtaining of such data is simulation and modelling of objects, processes and theirs parameters. Application of mathematical modelling for thermodynamics, mass exchange and heat transfer calculation is presented in this article. Mathematical model of the plasmatron plasma reactor was developed and allows simulation of reactor and process parameters including: heat release during combustion, heat transfer from combustion process and exhaust gases to the reactors walls, temperature calculation inside the chamber, surface film conductance by convection and radiation, heat carried out with fumes, and other. The model was implemented in OCTAVE software and it can be calculated for relatively short time on single PC computer. Model of plasmatron reactor chamber allows quantitative simulation of the phenomena occurring in the exanimated process. Moreover, model allows answering how to control the process, and identification of correlations with sensitivity analysis. The article presents results of modelling of key process parameters of the plasma reactor essential for developed process understanding and analysis. Calculations results are interesting and important for further technology development for example, change of heat carried with fumes, or surface film conductance, which are hard to measure. Developed model offers good accuracy of calculations and correlation to measurements on experimental setup, and allows further optimization, scaling and development.
This paper presents the investigation of metals production form artificial ore, which consists of... more This paper presents the investigation of metals production form artificial ore, which consists of printed circuit board (PCB) waste, processed in plasmatron plasma reactor. A test setup was designed and built that enabled research of plasma processing of PCB waste of more than 700 kg/day scale. The designed plasma process is presented and discussed. The process in tests consumed 2 kWh/kg of processed waste. Investigation of the process products is presented with their elemental analyses of metals and slag. The average recovery of metals in presented experiments is 76%. Metals recovered include: Ag, Au, Pd, Cu, Sn, Pb, and others. The chosen process parameters are presented: energy consumption, throughput, process temperatures, and air consumption. Presented technology allows processing of variable and hard-to-process printed circuit board waste that can reach up to 100% of the input mass.
Paper describes empirical verification of plasma technology for processing of waste printed circu... more Paper describes empirical verification of plasma technology for processing of waste printed circuit boards (PCB) for metals recovery and waste neutralization. Test setup was designed and build, allowing experiments over plasma processing of PCB waste in scale of 800 kg of waste per day. Designed and tested setup proved functionality of such small scale operation. The process in tests consumed in total 66 kW of power, which relates to 2 kWh/kg of processed PCB waste. Presented in the paper research covers examination of power consumption during waste processing, heat parameters, potential of heat recovery, mass reduction, amount of recovered metals and identification of variables influencing lowering metals recovery and increasing slag mass. Also brief analysis of process products and slag sample composition is presented. Data collected during tests and experiments opened new insight of plasma technology for processing PCB waste in small scale and without pre-processing steps.
This article presents application of new open-source software for solving time-harmonic Maxwell’s... more This article presents application of new open-source software for solving time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations, allowing modeling of microwave waveguide lines. Paper presents investigated cases of 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency waveguides lines. First is straight rectangular waveguide model, next are two coaxial to waveguide couplers models. On presented models microwave modes are shown with electric field magnitude resulted from physical geometry. Modeling results obtained from new Elmer Vectorial Helmholtz module show that application of open-source software can be effective in R&D works for high-tech small and medium enterprises involved in microwave technology.
This paper presents identification of heat characteristic of plasmatron powered plasma reactor de... more This paper presents identification of heat characteristic of plasmatron powered plasma reactor designed and build in Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements. Plasma reactor is the key element of the test setup, designed to research processing and recovery of metals from waste of electric and electronic equipment, focusing on electronic printed circuit boards. Identification was based on step response of the reactor, to step input power of the plasmatrons. Two experiments were carried out. First experiment with power of 36 kW, and second experiment using 29 kW. In each experiment two temperatures were measured in two points of the reactor chamber, allowing identification of four thermal responses. Object transfer function G(s) was assumed as second order inertial. This assumption was confirmed during identification. The model will be utilized for determination of PID controller with additional functionality.
This paper presents results of research on the use of plasma technology for printed circuit board... more This paper presents results of research on the use of plasma technology for printed circuit boards (PCB) processing for metals and energy recovery. In the Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements, a test stand was built allowing experiments on plasma process with throughput of 800 kg per day. Brief examination of PCB waste was carried out, focusing on identification of its heating value and composition of organic substances including C, H, O, S, and Br. Heat balance of the process is presented, including energy supplied by plasma, chemical energy released by incineration of PCB waste, heat carried out with molten metal and slag, heat carried out with exhaust fumes, and heat losses of the apparatus. Also, the incineration process is described focusing on air demand and its efficiency due to incomplete burning of the organic substances in the reactor. The presented process in total consumes 66 kW of electrical energy, and allows recovery of 117 kW of heat energy from exhaust fumes.
This paper an presents analysis of metals in waste of printed circuit boards (PCB) covering types... more This paper an presents analysis of metals in waste of printed circuit boards (PCB) covering types of
PCB, segregated from PC computers, mobile phones, and mixed. The presented data identifies metals and
other substances found in PCB waste based on elemental and technical analysis of PCBs. PCB categorization
based on gold concentration is presented, resulting in two groups: electric and electronic PCBs. Then mass of
PCBs in waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is presented, and annual PCB mass is calculated
for collection in Polish WEEE. Finally, I present an analysis of metals values in PCBs pointing to gold, palla-
dium, and copper as the three the most valuable metals for recovery. This study presents an overview of
resources present in printed circuit boards.
Pomiary, Automatyka, Robotyka, Jan 1, 2010
Oprócz zjawisk jak zorza polarna czy pioruny, plazma naturalnie i przez dłuższy czas na Ziemi nie... more Oprócz zjawisk jak zorza polarna czy pioruny, plazma naturalnie i przez dłuższy czas na Ziemi nie występuje. Jednak, co ciekawe, im dalej od naszej planety, tym więcej znajdujemy materii w stanie plazmy. Szacuje się, że w stanie plazmy jest 99,9 % materii wszechświata. Do celów technicznych, użytku i badań plazma wytwarzana jest "sztucznie", za pomocą szerokiej gamy urządzeń przeznaczonych do tego celu. Najbardziej rozpowszechnione są plazmotrony, czyli urządzenia do wytwarzania (generowania) plazmy. Przyjęło się określać, że plazmotrony stosują metodę łukową. Sporadycznie spotykane jest stosowanie tej nazwy do generatorów plazmy, np. mikrofalowych, częstotliwości radiowej (RF), laserowych, indukcyjnych czy pojemnościowych.
Inżynieria Ekologiczna Selected full texts, Jan 1, 2010
Podstaw¹ prawn¹ polskiego systemu gospodarki odpadami ZSEE, jest Ustawa z dnia 29 lipca 2005 r., ... more Podstaw¹ prawn¹ polskiego systemu gospodarki odpadami ZSEE, jest Ustawa z dnia 29 lipca 2005 r., o zu¿ytym sprzêcie elektrycznym i elektronicznym [7] (nowe-Jakub SZA£ATKIEWICZ Przemys³owy Instytut Automatyki i Pomiarów w Warszawie.
Pomiary, Automatyka, Robotyka, Jan 1, 2010
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Papers by Jakub Szałatkiewicz
PCB, segregated from PC computers, mobile phones, and mixed. The presented data identifies metals and
other substances found in PCB waste based on elemental and technical analysis of PCBs. PCB categorization
based on gold concentration is presented, resulting in two groups: electric and electronic PCBs. Then mass of
PCBs in waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is presented, and annual PCB mass is calculated
for collection in Polish WEEE. Finally, I present an analysis of metals values in PCBs pointing to gold, palla-
dium, and copper as the three the most valuable metals for recovery. This study presents an overview of
resources present in printed circuit boards.
PCB, segregated from PC computers, mobile phones, and mixed. The presented data identifies metals and
other substances found in PCB waste based on elemental and technical analysis of PCBs. PCB categorization
based on gold concentration is presented, resulting in two groups: electric and electronic PCBs. Then mass of
PCBs in waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) is presented, and annual PCB mass is calculated
for collection in Polish WEEE. Finally, I present an analysis of metals values in PCBs pointing to gold, palla-
dium, and copper as the three the most valuable metals for recovery. This study presents an overview of
resources present in printed circuit boards.