The Institute of Public Health in Ireland has produced this document as a resource for public hea... more The Institute of Public Health in Ireland has produced this document as a resource for public health on the island. It may be freely reproduced with acknowledgement but is not for resale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes.
is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prev... more is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prevention and cessation that can promote a tobacco free society. The aim of the journal is to foster, promote and disseminate research involving tobacco use, prevention, policy implementation at a regional, national or international level, disease development-progression related to tobacco use, tobacco use impact from the cellular to the international level and finally the treatment of tobacco attributable disease through smoking cessation.
Institute of Public Health in Ireland, Nov 30, 2020
Record 1. A European school-based smoking prevention programme. 2. Family-based interventions cou... more Record 1. A European school-based smoking prevention programme. 2. Family-based interventions could include any components to change parenting behaviour, parental of sibling smoking behaviour, or family communication or interaction. Ensure accountability and leadership for reducing inequalities in tobacco related harm. Convene a task and finish group to bring forward prioritised recommendations for addressing inequalities in smoking in NI.
is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prev... more is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prevention and cessation that can promote a tobacco free society. The aim of the journal is to foster, promote and disseminate research involving tobacco use, prevention, policy implementation at a regional, national or international level, disease development-progression related to tobacco use, tobacco use impact from the cellular to the international level and finally the treatment of tobacco attributable disease through smoking cessation.
The long-established association between high salt consumption and hypertension has led to calls ... more The long-established association between high salt consumption and hypertension has led to calls for a reduction in salt intake. There is particular concern for the health status of Northern Irish consumers, who already have among the highest rates of coronary heart disease and stroke in the United Kingdom. With these concerns in mind, it is essential to establish the sources and patterns of salt consumption from discretionary and processed food sources before a reduction can be achieved. This study investigated differences in salt consumption patterns among consumers of varying socio-economic status. Research consisted of a consumer questionnaire (n= 360) distributed within Northern Ireland. The results of the study revealed high discretionary salt usage and frequent consumption of processed foods among consumers of lower socio-economic status. General observations from the questionnaire would suggest a need for improved health education for consumers in this group. The objective o...
This report provides an overview of progress in reducing Second Hand Smoke (SHS) exposure in Nort... more This report provides an overview of progress in reducing Second Hand Smoke (SHS) exposure in Northern Ireland that incorporates the five year review of smoke-free legislation, but also extends to a consideration of SHS exposure in non-work environments. The report considers aspects of inequalities in SHS exposure in particular according to social disadvantage and with a focus on vulnerable subgroups of the population
Abstract Dietary salt intake continues to exceed recommended intakes across the United Kingdom an... more Abstract Dietary salt intake continues to exceed recommended intakes across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. There are significant health risks associated with high-salt intake, including high blood pressure and increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Governments in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland have recommended that daily salt intake for adults not exceed 6 g/day. National salt reduction initiatives have been implemented to increase consumer knowledge and awareness of salt intake and reduce the salt content of processed food products. Salt intake has reduced by about one-fifth among the UK population. Public information campaigns have had some success in increasing awareness of government recommendations with evidence to demonstrate a reduction in discretionary salt usage. Progress has been made in reducing the salt content of certain food categories, but challenges around reformulation still remain. Targeted approaches to salt reduction are needed in conjunction with national policies to improve overall dietary intake.
structured interviews and focus groups 29 1.3.3 Consent and data handling 29 1.4 Data Analysis SE... more structured interviews and focus groups 29 1.3.3 Consent and data handling 29 1.4 Data Analysis SECTION 2: PROFILE OF PARTICIPANTS 2.1 Profile of participants-Demographics 2.1.1 Online questionnaire results 32 2.1.2 Semi-structured interviews and focus groups 35 2.2 Interpretation 2.3 Strengths of the research 2.4 Limitations of the research SECTION 3: FINDINGS 3.1 Perceptions of overall trends in drug and alcohol use 3.2 Perceptions of changes in alcohol consumption and harms Institute of Public Health in Ireland 3.3 Perceptions of changes in drug use and harms 3.4 Perceptions of the role of NSD-2 in changing patterns of use and harm 3.5 Perceptions of unforeseen factors 44 3.
Background. The benefits of breastfeeding are well documented and the World Health Organization (... more Background. The benefits of breastfeeding are well documented and the World Health Organization (WHO) specifically recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months and up to two years with complementary food. The UK and Ireland continue to report the lowest rates of breastfeeding in the world. Ireland has the lowest reported rate of ‘having ever breastfed’ (55%) and the UK has the fifth lowest (81%). Aim. This review was conducted to evaluate interventions that aimed to improve breastfeeding initiation rates in the UK and Ireland as a foundation for developing breastfeeding initiatives in Northern Ireland (NI). Method. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design (PICOS) Model to define the review question: Which interventions have been tested in the UK or Ireland to improve Breastfeeding initiation rates? The following electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, E...
Background The impact of the COVID-19 public health social measures (PHSM) on health behaviours i... more Background The impact of the COVID-19 public health social measures (PHSM) on health behaviours is poorly understood. We aimed to identify factors associated with changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption during the strictest period of PHSM ‘lockdown’. Methods Logistic regression analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Central Statistics Office Social Impact Survey collected during the first lockdown in Ireland (23 April– 1 May 2020). Results Of the 1362 (33.8%) individuals that responded to the survey, 80.6% were current drinkers and 26.0% were smokers. The majority of smokers (60.9%) and drinkers (60.6%) reported no change in consumption. However, 30.5% of smokers and 22.2% of drinkers reported increased consumption. Being concerned about household stress from confinement [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.9, P = 0.002], working from home (aOR 2.1, 95 CI 1.4–3.3, P < 0.001) and urban living (aOR 2.0, 95 CI 1.5–2.9, P < 0.001) wer...
The Institute of Public Health in Ireland has produced this document as a resource for public hea... more The Institute of Public Health in Ireland has produced this document as a resource for public health on the island. It may be freely reproduced with acknowledgement but is not for resale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes.
is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prev... more is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prevention and cessation that can promote a tobacco free society. The aim of the journal is to foster, promote and disseminate research involving tobacco use, prevention, policy implementation at a regional, national or international level, disease development-progression related to tobacco use, tobacco use impact from the cellular to the international level and finally the treatment of tobacco attributable disease through smoking cessation.
Institute of Public Health in Ireland, Nov 30, 2020
Record 1. A European school-based smoking prevention programme. 2. Family-based interventions cou... more Record 1. A European school-based smoking prevention programme. 2. Family-based interventions could include any components to change parenting behaviour, parental of sibling smoking behaviour, or family communication or interaction. Ensure accountability and leadership for reducing inequalities in tobacco related harm. Convene a task and finish group to bring forward prioritised recommendations for addressing inequalities in smoking in NI.
is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prev... more is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of tobacco use, prevention and cessation that can promote a tobacco free society. The aim of the journal is to foster, promote and disseminate research involving tobacco use, prevention, policy implementation at a regional, national or international level, disease development-progression related to tobacco use, tobacco use impact from the cellular to the international level and finally the treatment of tobacco attributable disease through smoking cessation.
The long-established association between high salt consumption and hypertension has led to calls ... more The long-established association between high salt consumption and hypertension has led to calls for a reduction in salt intake. There is particular concern for the health status of Northern Irish consumers, who already have among the highest rates of coronary heart disease and stroke in the United Kingdom. With these concerns in mind, it is essential to establish the sources and patterns of salt consumption from discretionary and processed food sources before a reduction can be achieved. This study investigated differences in salt consumption patterns among consumers of varying socio-economic status. Research consisted of a consumer questionnaire (n= 360) distributed within Northern Ireland. The results of the study revealed high discretionary salt usage and frequent consumption of processed foods among consumers of lower socio-economic status. General observations from the questionnaire would suggest a need for improved health education for consumers in this group. The objective o...
This report provides an overview of progress in reducing Second Hand Smoke (SHS) exposure in Nort... more This report provides an overview of progress in reducing Second Hand Smoke (SHS) exposure in Northern Ireland that incorporates the five year review of smoke-free legislation, but also extends to a consideration of SHS exposure in non-work environments. The report considers aspects of inequalities in SHS exposure in particular according to social disadvantage and with a focus on vulnerable subgroups of the population
Abstract Dietary salt intake continues to exceed recommended intakes across the United Kingdom an... more Abstract Dietary salt intake continues to exceed recommended intakes across the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. There are significant health risks associated with high-salt intake, including high blood pressure and increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Governments in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland have recommended that daily salt intake for adults not exceed 6 g/day. National salt reduction initiatives have been implemented to increase consumer knowledge and awareness of salt intake and reduce the salt content of processed food products. Salt intake has reduced by about one-fifth among the UK population. Public information campaigns have had some success in increasing awareness of government recommendations with evidence to demonstrate a reduction in discretionary salt usage. Progress has been made in reducing the salt content of certain food categories, but challenges around reformulation still remain. Targeted approaches to salt reduction are needed in conjunction with national policies to improve overall dietary intake.
structured interviews and focus groups 29 1.3.3 Consent and data handling 29 1.4 Data Analysis SE... more structured interviews and focus groups 29 1.3.3 Consent and data handling 29 1.4 Data Analysis SECTION 2: PROFILE OF PARTICIPANTS 2.1 Profile of participants-Demographics 2.1.1 Online questionnaire results 32 2.1.2 Semi-structured interviews and focus groups 35 2.2 Interpretation 2.3 Strengths of the research 2.4 Limitations of the research SECTION 3: FINDINGS 3.1 Perceptions of overall trends in drug and alcohol use 3.2 Perceptions of changes in alcohol consumption and harms Institute of Public Health in Ireland 3.3 Perceptions of changes in drug use and harms 3.4 Perceptions of the role of NSD-2 in changing patterns of use and harm 3.5 Perceptions of unforeseen factors 44 3.
Background. The benefits of breastfeeding are well documented and the World Health Organization (... more Background. The benefits of breastfeeding are well documented and the World Health Organization (WHO) specifically recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months and up to two years with complementary food. The UK and Ireland continue to report the lowest rates of breastfeeding in the world. Ireland has the lowest reported rate of ‘having ever breastfed’ (55%) and the UK has the fifth lowest (81%). Aim. This review was conducted to evaluate interventions that aimed to improve breastfeeding initiation rates in the UK and Ireland as a foundation for developing breastfeeding initiatives in Northern Ireland (NI). Method. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design (PICOS) Model to define the review question: Which interventions have been tested in the UK or Ireland to improve Breastfeeding initiation rates? The following electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, E...
Background The impact of the COVID-19 public health social measures (PHSM) on health behaviours i... more Background The impact of the COVID-19 public health social measures (PHSM) on health behaviours is poorly understood. We aimed to identify factors associated with changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption during the strictest period of PHSM ‘lockdown’. Methods Logistic regression analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Central Statistics Office Social Impact Survey collected during the first lockdown in Ireland (23 April– 1 May 2020). Results Of the 1362 (33.8%) individuals that responded to the survey, 80.6% were current drinkers and 26.0% were smokers. The majority of smokers (60.9%) and drinkers (60.6%) reported no change in consumption. However, 30.5% of smokers and 22.2% of drinkers reported increased consumption. Being concerned about household stress from confinement [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.9, P = 0.002], working from home (aOR 2.1, 95 CI 1.4–3.3, P < 0.001) and urban living (aOR 2.0, 95 CI 1.5–2.9, P < 0.001) wer...
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