Papers by Israel M. Sánchez
Comptes Rendus Palevol, Feb 1, 2014
New tragulid dental remains from the late Early Miocene (16.5-16.3 Ma, MN4) locality of Els Casot... more New tragulid dental remains from the late Early Miocene (16.5-16.3 Ma, MN4) locality of Els Casots (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia, Spain) are described. This sample fits well, both in size and occlusal morphology, with the material of Dorcatherium crassum from the type locality (Sansan, France; MN6). We therefore attribute the tragulid from Els Casots to this species, also in agreement with its known chronostratigraphic range throughout Europe (MN4-MN6) and the previous records of this species from other MN4 localities of the Vallès-Penedès Basin. The described remains-which include the postcanine lower deciduous and permanent dentition, as well as several upper cheek teeth-constitute the most complete sample of D. crassum from the Iberian Peninsula. The presence of this species at Els Casots is consistent with the lacustrine depositional environment inferred from sedimentological evidence and associated fauna, and further confirms the nearby presence of densely forested environments with a humid climate with low seasonality.
Nature Communications
Extrinsic and intrinsic factors impact diversity. On deep-time scales, the extrinsic impact of cl... more Extrinsic and intrinsic factors impact diversity. On deep-time scales, the extrinsic impact of climate and geology are crucial, but poorly understood. Here, we use the inner ear morphology of ruminant artiodactyls to test for a deep-time correlation between a low adaptive anatomical structure and both extrinsic and intrinsic variables. We apply geometric morphometric analyses in a phylogenetic frame to X-ray computed tomographic data from 191 ruminant species. Contrasting results across ruminant clades show that neutral evolutionary processes over time may strongly influence the evolution of inner ear morphology. Extant, ecologically diversified clades increase their evolutionary rate with decreasing Cenozoic global temperatures. Evolutionary rate peaks with the colonization of new continents. Simultaneously, ecologically restricted clades show declining or unchanged rates. These results suggest that both climate and paleogeography produced heterogeneous environments, which likely f...
Journal of Human Evolution
Historical Biology, 2022
Els Casots is one of the richest fossil vertebrate sites of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia, ... more Els Casots is one of the richest fossil vertebrate sites of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia, 89 Spain). It was discovered in and excavated briefly during the 1990s, resulting in the 90 recovery of thousands of remains and the erection of several new mammal species. 91 Excavations resumed in 2018 and continue to date. Here we provide updated results regarding 92 the age, stratigraphy, biota and palaeoenvironment of the site. The age of the site is well 93 constrained to ~15.9 Ma thanks to recent bio-and magnetostratigraphic data, thus coinciding 94 with the onset of the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). The stratigraphic succession at the 95 site area indicates lacustrine to palustrine environments with cyclically oscillating water level. 96 There are several fossiliferous layers that have yielded a vertebrate fauna comprising up to 74 97 different vertebrate species including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mostly mammals. The 98 finding of several articulated partial skeletons indicate that the site records an autochthonous 99 to parautochthonous assemblage. The abundance and completeness of the vertebrate remains 100 together with a well-constrained age and detailed stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental data, 101 make els Casots a key site for understanding wetland ecosystems in southern Europe during 102 the MCO.
Figure 5. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in a lioness. T... more Figure 5. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in a lioness. The posterior portion of the temporalis muscle has been removed to make visible the nuchal region of skull and neck muscles attaching to it. 7, deep extensors of the neck, including rectus capitis dorsalis major and minor; Am, auditory meatus; Mp, mastoid process; Nc, nuchal crest. (B) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck of a male puma in ventral view. 9, m. rectus capitis lateralis.
Figure 3. Photograph and schematic representation of intermediate plane of neck muscles of male p... more Figure 3. Photograph and schematic representation of intermediate plane of neck muscles of male puma. 2, m. trapezius; 3, m. splenius; 4, m. sternomastoideus.
Figure 7. Drawing of the skull and anterior cervicals of Panthera tigris (top) and Homotherium la... more Figure 7. Drawing of the skull and anterior cervicals of Panthera tigris (top) and Homotherium latidens (bottom) with fibres of selected muscles. Muscle numbering as in Figs 1–5. A black circle in the condylar area represents the position of the rotation centre of the atlanto-occipital articulation. Notice how, in Homotherium, most fibres of the obliquus capitis cranialis extend well below that centre of rotation, and would therefore have a stronger head-flexing action. Notice also how the greater distance between the posterior tip of the atlas wings and the tip of the mastoid process in Homotherium makes for longer inferior fibres of the obliquus capitis cranialis muscle.
Figure 4. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in male tiger. ... more Figure 4. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in male tiger. 5, m. obliquus capitis caudalis; 6, m. obliquus capitis cranialis; 8, m. digastricus; At, lateral border of the atlas wings; Ax, dorsal border of axis. (B) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles in a male puma. f, additional superficial fibres of m. obliquus capitis cranialis, dorsal to the atlas wing.
Figure 2. Photograph and schematic representation of superficial layer of head and neck muscles o... more Figure 2. Photograph and schematic representation of superficial layer of head and neck muscles of male puma. 1, m. brachiocephalicus.
Additional file 7: Table S2. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests for δ13C (‰ VPDB), δ18OCO3 (‰ VSMOW),... more Additional file 7: Table S2. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests for δ13C (‰ VPDB), δ18OCO3 (‰ VSMOW), and δ18OPO4 (‰ VSMOW) values of Micromeryx from Abocador de Can Mata according to morphotypes and environmental phases. Values in bold are statistically significant (p
Additional file 6: Table S1. Individual values of mesowear and stable isotopes of Micromeryx spec... more Additional file 6: Table S1. Individual values of mesowear and stable isotopes of Micromeryx specimens from the Abocador de Can Mata stratigraphic sequence (Vallès-Penedès Basin).
Additional file 2: Figure S1. Moschus and Micromeryx. A Moschus moschiferus adult male. Image by ... more Additional file 2: Figure S1. Moschus and Micromeryx. A Moschus moschiferus adult male. Image by Vladimir Prikhod'ko, reproduced with permission of the author. B Skull of M. moschiferus showing the enlarged upper canines of males. C MPZ 2006/413, skull of a juvenile male Micromeryx azanzae from Toril-3 (middle Miocene, MN7+8, Zaragoza, Spain). D Life reconstruction of a Micromeryx male. Art by Mauricio Antón, reproduced with permission of the author.
Additional file 5: Figure S4. Whittaker's biome classification plot showing terrestrial biome... more Additional file 5: Figure S4. Whittaker's biome classification plot showing terrestrial biome-types aas function of mean annual precipitation (MAP; in cm) and temperature (MAT; in °C). ACM localities from the three distinct environmental phases are plotted according to calculated values of estimated MAP and MAT using average stable carbon and oxygen isotope values of Micromeryx enamel apatite. For each locality we show estimated MAP before (circles) and after (squares) correcting for palaeolatitude and palaeoaltitude. Note that these corrections result in lower estimates. Diagram modified from Whittaker [42].
Additional file 1. Additional information on the moschid Micromeryx, tooth-wear patterns and stab... more Additional file 1. Additional information on the moschid Micromeryx, tooth-wear patterns and stable isotope analysis.
Additional file 3: Figure S2. ACM Micromeryx, examples of the lower dentition of the morphotypes ... more Additional file 3: Figure S2. ACM Micromeryx, examples of the lower dentition of the morphotypes with remarks on their most conspicuous features. A Morphotype 1, specimens IPS90767 and IPS43689. B Morphotype 2, specimen IPS44457. C Morphotype 3, specimens IPS43907 and IPS57264.
BMC Biology, 2021
Additional file 1: Additional information on the moschid Micromeryx, tooth-wear patterns and stab... more Additional file 1: Additional information on the moschid Micromeryx, tooth-wear patterns and stable isotope analysis.
Dos yacimientos de vertebrados, situados en el Campus de Somosaguas de la Universidad Complutense... more Dos yacimientos de vertebrados, situados en el Campus de Somosaguas de la Universidad Complutense (Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid), han proporcionado unos 600 restos identificables en estados de conservacion muy variados, pertenecientes a unas veinte especies de tamanos muy diversos, desde mastodontes a musaranas. Su estudio permite fechar su edad en unos 14 m.a. y reconstruir un periodo arido en la cuenca de Madrid, ocupada durante el Mioceno medio por bosques y sabanas subtropicales con fuertes avenidas y sin rios permanentes. En estos yacimientos se puede realizar una ensenanza practica de la Paleontologia de Vertebrados, para formacion de estudiantes universitarios en el estudio y la gestion del Patrimonio Paleontologico.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2019
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Papers by Israel M. Sánchez