Papers by Israel Ayenigbara
As every nation battles the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic comprehensively, older a... more As every nation battles the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic comprehensively, older adults are by far the most affected group in terms of morbidity and mortality rates. Particularly individuals in the age range of >60 years and with comorbidities and other geriatric conditions are at heightened risk of complications from COVID-19 compared to any other age groups in the world. The time between the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the manifestation of the symptoms is between two to twelve days. Typical symptoms of COVID-19 are high temperature, dry cough, and breathing difficulties in complicated cases, while new evidence shows atypical presentations of COVID-19 symptoms in older adults, and are highlighted in this review. From this synopsis, we deduced that firstly, the severity of COVID-19 among older adults is because of biological (dwindling immunity with old age), socio-economic (poverty and over-stretched health system) and physical reasons (frailty and comorbidities). Secondly, there is an upsurge in the rates of transmission and COVID-19 fatalities in nursing homes globally. Lastly, to abate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among older adults, strict adherence to physical distancing, frequent hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene, frequent disinfection of surfaces, stoppage to unnecessary travel and nonessential hospital's visitations, appropriate use of face masks, healthy life style choices, proper identification and isolation of infected older adults, assistance and support for older adults in the community, and prevention of infections in nursing homes should all essentially be implemented globally. It is recommended that maximum compliance to measures provided in this review should be ensured and implemented. Governments, civil societies and general public should provide supports for older adults during this COVID-19 pandemic period, and new researches should look more into the global severity of COVID-19 on nursing homes and the geriatric populations generally to get progressively feasible exact information that will enable informed preventive choices.
GMSHygiene and Infection Control, 2019
Cholera is a public health problem around the world, and it is endemic in Africa, parts of Asia, ... more Cholera is a public health problem around the world, and it is endemic in Africa, parts of Asia, the Middle East as well as South and Central America. This review characterizes an cholera outbreak in Nigeria in 2017/2018. Onthebasisofownexperiencesandtheanalysisofhistorical outbreaks, the Vibrio cholera strains, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, andmostimportantthepreventionandcontrolmeasuresareidentified. Untreated, the lethality of cholera is up to 70%. Therefore, a multifaceted approach including public policy, surveillance, water purification and hygiene, communitysensitization, and the use of oral cholera vaccination (OVC) is vital to prevent, control, and reduce the cholera mortality rate. It is recommended that the government pass legislation to implement preventive and surveillance measures, e.g., invest in drinking water systems, sanitation systems and sewagetreatment,andpromotepublic education on basic hygiene. The latter includes boiling and treating water before drinking, washing hands frequently with soap and clean water, thoroughly cooking food before consumption, avoiding open defecation, disposing of wastes properly, and immediately taking anyone with signs and symptoms of cholera such as watery diarrhea to the hospital for treatment.
Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2020
Elderly people often have typical age-related changes that may influence their way of life, for i... more Elderly people often have typical age-related changes that may influence their way of life, for instance; hearing loss, impaired vision, joint pain, hypertension, coronary disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment and so on. Being physically active helps one with coping better in older years. This review discusses the contribution of physical activity and fitness for the optimal health and wellness of older people. The types of physical activity are discussed, the benefits of physical activities are highlighted and the role of physical activity in the prevention of falls is also reviewed. Specifications for physical activity for the elderly people are highlighted, and importantly, safety considerations for physical activity for the elderly people are provided. In conclusion, physical activities have advantages for the prevention and management of many health-related conditions faced by an elderly person; as such, even limited or moderate physical activity is better than none.
Central Asian Journal of Global Health , 2020
This review presents a synopsis on the current COVID-19 pandemic, with focus on preventive measur... more This review presents a synopsis on the current COVID-19 pandemic, with focus on preventive measures. COVID-19 is a new viral infection, and is in form of a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA Coronavirus which belongs to an expanded group of viruses which were identified six decades ago. Importantly, the new COVID-19 belongs to the group of SARS-CoV, and it originated in bats but infected humans through smuggled pangolins. At first, the mode of transmission of infection was animal-to-person, but person-to-person and community transmission of the virus has been confirmed in many parts of the world. With an incubation period of between two-fourteen days, signs and symptoms of infection are mild to high respiratory illness; characterized with cough, breathing problems (shortness of breath), high temperature (Fever), tiredness (Fatigue) and nausea. Presently, no vaccines or specific treatment is available for COVID-19, in light of the aforementioned; prevention is the only substantial and less expensive option. With the envisaged explosive community transmission of COVID-19 in the coming weeks in places with limited daily testing, especially in African countries, it is recommended among many that social distancing which includes avoiding any form of contact with people; either through greetings, hugging or shaking of hands and large gatherings, avoid contact with animal items, dead or alive animals, sick and dead people from areas experiencing COVID-19 epidemic, and basic hygienic practices like thorough washing of hands with clean water and antiseptic soap for the duration of at least twenty seconds should be practiced always. However, in the absence of the aforementioned, an alcohol-based hand gel should be used on the hands frequently. Furthermore, health care workers should adhere strictly to the standard preventive measures in areas of heightened COVID-19 epidemic.
Journal of Applied Health Sciences, 2019
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that came into existence decades back; it spre... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that came into existence decades back; it spread across the African countries in the late 1970s, and is currently endemic across the world. HIV is a major public health problem all over the world, as it has claimed more than 35million lives. There were around 36.9 million individuals living with HIV at the end of 2017, and Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected by HIV infection with 1 in 25 adults (4.1%) living with the virus, accounting for 70% of the people living with HIV worldwide. Unfortunately, Sub-Saharan Africa continues to be the continent with the highest cases of infections and deaths from HIV/AIDS even after the implementation of various HIV/AIDS prevention methods. Fortunately, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers the world a novel way of curtailing the HIV/AIDS epidemic, as PrEP is highly effective for preventing HIV if it is used as prescribed. This paper discusses the urgent need for the use of PrEP in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a review paper in which the meaning of PrEP was discussed, people who need PrEP were identified, the rationale for the use of PrEP for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa were highlighted, and probable obstacles to the successful implementation of PrEP for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa were also identified. It was concluded that to achieve the 90-90-90 goals set by UNAIDS to help end the AIDS epidemic in the world, PrEP offers a new and novel way for HIV prevention, and its implementation across all African countries is urgently needed for the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Geriatric Care, 2019
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill approximately 41 million individuals every year, proportion... more Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill approximately 41 million individuals every year, proportional to 71% of all deaths universally. This paper discuses the role of healthy nutrition and diet in the prevention of NCDs among the elderly people. This study is a theoretical research in which NCDs and the older people was discussed, and researched backed nutritional recommendations for the prevention of common NCDs and other geriatric illnesses was extensively discussed under; Increment in vegetable and fruit consumption, Lessening of saturated fat intake, Increment in dietary fiber consumption , Lessening of dietary sodium intake, Increment in dietary potassium consumption, and reduction in alcohol consumption. It was concluded that healthy nutrition helps in the prevention of NCDs and chronic diseases among the elderly people; therefore, healthy nutrition should be a preferred strategy tool in the prevention of NCDs and chronic diseases among the elderly population. It was however recommended that; keeping up good weight, increasing vegetable and natural fruits product consumption, reduction in the consumption of saturated fat, increasing dietary fiber consumption, decrease in dietary sodium and increment of dietary potassium intake, and reducing the rate of alcohol use; all helps in the prevention of NCDs and other illnesses affecting the elderly people.
Journal of Addiction Medicine and Therapeutic Science, 2018
Introduction: A video game is any software program that can be played on a computing device, such... more Introduction: A video game is any software program that can be played on a computing device, such as a personal computer, gaming console or mobile phone. Video games are age and gender friendly, very popular but like other pleasurable endeavors, can have adverse consequences, which are reviewed. https://www.peertechz.com Introduction Aims: This review focuses on the effects of gaming on health, compares gaming with other disorders and opens further discussion on gaming disorder. The overall goal is to explore gaming disorder prevention methods including education, intra- and interpersonal counseling, the role of family and lifestyle modifi cation.
Methods: A literature review was performed in Web of Science, Google and Spring Link databases as well as World Health Organization (WHO) material on gaming disorder. Date of publication was not an exclusionary factor but language was a factor. Only English language documents were included in our search.
Results: Multiple system physical health disorders were found to be associated with long-term video game activity. The health problems most cited included visual, muscular-skeletal, obesity and epileptic seizures
Conclusions: It is concluded that video gaming has many characteristics of other addiction disorders including deleterious physical and mental health consequences. The social and ubiquitous nature of gaming makes it diffi cult to recognize the signs and symptoms of excess gaming.
Recommendations: Based on a review of the literature, it is recommended gamers become more aware of their time engaging in this popular activity. A greater awareness of signs and symptoms of gaming on daily activities, physical and mental health, and social relationships is encouraged. If persistent gamers experience depression or anxiety, it is recommended that they seek medical or behavioral health professionals
Insufficient physical activity and poor nutrition is a key risk factor for non-communicable disea... more Insufficient physical activity and poor nutrition is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes which kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. This paper discuses physical activity and nutrition with linkage to health; wellbeing. It is a position paper in which importance of physical activities and nutrition to health was discussed extensively from different researcher's point of view and specifications for different age group were outlined. It was therefore concluded that Good nutrition; an adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity; is a cornerstone of good health. It was recommended that all adults should avoid inactivity and engage in physical activities and Consumption of a healthy diet throughout the life course helps prevent malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. Introduction Inadequate physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle are important causes of many of the major diseases of developed societies, including coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and arthritis. There has been an explosion of information over the past two decades on the health benefits of exercise. In addition, exercise and nutrition are closely linked, with each modifying the effects of the other. Regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health (CDC, 2018) [7] which includes biking, Walking, jogging, running, swimming etc. Inactivity of any form is not good for the body and overall health and this is affirmed by WHO (2018) [22] that Insufficient physical activity is one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide and Insufficient physical activity is a key risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Also, globally, 1 in 4 adults is not active enough; furthermore, More than 80% of the world's adolescent population is insufficiently physically active. Consuming a healthy diet throughout the life course helps prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of noncommunicable diseases and conditions (WHO, 2015) [23]. But sadly, the increased production of processed food, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats, free sugars or salt/sodium, and many do not eat enough fruit, vegetables and dietary fibre such as whole grains. According to the WHO (2018) [22] , insufficient physical activity and unhealthy diet is a key risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. Noncommunicable diseases kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally. Each year, 15 million people die from a NCD between the ages of 30 and 69 years; over 85% of these "premature" deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. Continuation to the alarming statistic is that Tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets (poor nutrition) all increase the risk of dying from a NCD. Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of health care knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy. The importance of Physical activity and Nutrition cannot be underestimated in the overall health of an individual; hence this paper did a detailed review on
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Papers by Israel Ayenigbara
Methods: A literature review was performed in Web of Science, Google and Spring Link databases as well as World Health Organization (WHO) material on gaming disorder. Date of publication was not an exclusionary factor but language was a factor. Only English language documents were included in our search.
Results: Multiple system physical health disorders were found to be associated with long-term video game activity. The health problems most cited included visual, muscular-skeletal, obesity and epileptic seizures
Conclusions: It is concluded that video gaming has many characteristics of other addiction disorders including deleterious physical and mental health consequences. The social and ubiquitous nature of gaming makes it diffi cult to recognize the signs and symptoms of excess gaming.
Recommendations: Based on a review of the literature, it is recommended gamers become more aware of their time engaging in this popular activity. A greater awareness of signs and symptoms of gaming on daily activities, physical and mental health, and social relationships is encouraged. If persistent gamers experience depression or anxiety, it is recommended that they seek medical or behavioral health professionals
Methods: A literature review was performed in Web of Science, Google and Spring Link databases as well as World Health Organization (WHO) material on gaming disorder. Date of publication was not an exclusionary factor but language was a factor. Only English language documents were included in our search.
Results: Multiple system physical health disorders were found to be associated with long-term video game activity. The health problems most cited included visual, muscular-skeletal, obesity and epileptic seizures
Conclusions: It is concluded that video gaming has many characteristics of other addiction disorders including deleterious physical and mental health consequences. The social and ubiquitous nature of gaming makes it diffi cult to recognize the signs and symptoms of excess gaming.
Recommendations: Based on a review of the literature, it is recommended gamers become more aware of their time engaging in this popular activity. A greater awareness of signs and symptoms of gaming on daily activities, physical and mental health, and social relationships is encouraged. If persistent gamers experience depression or anxiety, it is recommended that they seek medical or behavioral health professionals