Development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is significantly important in the construction indu... more Development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is significantly important in the construction industry while it greatly involved in recycled of powder waste material in improving rheological properties. Utilizing powder waste produced from asphalt batching plant so called Asphalt Dust Waste (ADW) was an alternative solution to reduce this waste material that cause pollution to surrounding dumping area. The aims of this study were to evaluate the optimum percentage of ADW as filler in coarse aggregate and the effect of ADW as cement replacement in develops SCC. The investigation focus on rheological performance at fresh state that was subjected to slump flow diameter, J Ring test, L Box and V Funnel test. Meanwhile, the hardened test was subjected to compressive strength and tensile strength at 7 and 28 days only. Difference percentage of ADW are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, has been incorporated into course aggregate by mass as a filler. The results shows 30% ADW as filler give th...
Waste materials from many industries are widely used in the production of sustainable green concr... more Waste materials from many industries are widely used in the production of sustainable green concrete. Utilizing asphalt dust waste (ADW) as a filler material in the development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the alternative solutions for reducing environmental waste. SCC is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. However, there is limited information on the effects of utilizing ADW in the development of SCC. Therefore, this research study examines the effects of various w/b ratios (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) and differing amounts of ADW (0% to 50%) on the rheological properties of fresh state concrete. The compressive strength of the SCC was tested only for 7 and 28 days as preliminary studies. The results revealed that mixtures MD730, MD740 and MD750 showed satisfactory results for the slump flow, J-Ring, L-Box and V-Funnel test during the fresh state. The compressive strength values obtained after 28 days for MD730, MD740 and MD750 were 35.1 MPa, 36.8 MPa and 29.4 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the distribution of materials in mixtures has significant effect in achieving rheological properties and compressive strength of SCC.
Agro-based waste can be used as an additive material in the construction industry. Agro-based mat... more Agro-based waste can be used as an additive material in the construction industry. Agro-based materials such as palm kernel shells (PKS) were chosen for this study. PKS are produced in large quantities. Hence, using PKS as an additive may increase concrete durability and contribute to a cleaner environment. As PKS is able to improve the compressive strength of concrete even though its bulk density is much less than standard aggregates which is 1850 kg/m 3, the overall project cost could be reduced by about 42%. The results also satisfied the strength requirement for lightweight concrete brick durability for structural purposes.
The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can ... more The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can be used to identify the damage classifications in RC structure. This research paper will mainly focus on the utilization of signal strength and Absolute energy (AE signal) in determining on the damage quantification for RC beam subjected to cyclic load test. The beam specimens size (150 X 250 X 1900) mm were prepared in the laboratory and tested with the four point bending test using cyclic loading together with acoustic emission monitoring system. The results showed that the analysis of AE data parameters is capable of determining the damage classification in concrete structures and the data corresponded to the visual observations during the increased loading cycle.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Individual vehicle acceleration and deceleration are important to generate vehicles speed profile... more Individual vehicle acceleration and deceleration are important to generate vehicles speed profile. This study covered acceleration and deceleration characteristics of passenger car in Federal Route FT050 Jalan Batu Pahat-Ayer Hitam that was the top ranking dangerous road. Global Positioning System was used to record 10 cars speed to develop speed profile with clustering zone. At the acceleration manoeuver, the acceleration rate becomes lower as the drivers get near to desired speed. While, at deceleration manoeuver, vehicles with high speed needs more time to stop compare to low speed vehicle. This is because, the drivers need to accelerate more from zero speed to achieve desired speed and drivers need more distance and time to stop their vehicles. However, it was found out that 30% to 50% are driving in dangerous condition that was proven in clustering acceleration and deceleration speed profile. As conclusion, this excessive drivers are the factor that creating high risk in rear-end collision that inline FT050 as dangerous road in Malaysia.
Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and pr... more Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and properties of concrete. Additional materials include the use of steel fibers into the concrete mix. With the used of steel fibers, it can enhance the strength of the concrete. In this research, two parameters will be investigated which is the volume friction of the steel fiber and the length of the steel fiber. End-hooked steel fiber with the length of 33 mm and 50 mm and the percentage of steel fiber 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % used in this research. The size of the mold used is 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The characteristics during the fresh concrete were also investigated by conducting the slump test, compaction test and vebe test. All the samples has been cured in the water for 7th, 14th and 28th days for the compressive strength test. Based on result, it was concluded that the optimum percentage of steel fiber in this report was 1.0 % for the end-hooked steel fiber with 33 mm length which pr...
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures are usually designed to have high workability during the ... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures are usually designed to have high workability during the fresh state through the influence of higher volumes of paste in concrete mixtures. Asphalt dust waste (ADW) is one of disposed materials obtained during the production of asphalt premix. These fine powder wastes contribute to environmental problems today. However, these waste materials can be utilized in the development of sustainable and economical SCC. This paper focuses on the preliminary evaluations of the fresh properties and compressive strength of developed SCC for 7 and 28 days only. 144 cube samples from 24 mixtures with varying water binder ratios (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) and ADW volume (0% to 100%) were prepared. MD940 and MD950 showed a satisfactory performance for the slump flow, J-Ring, L-Box and V-Funnel tests at fresh state. The compressive strength after 28 days for MD940 and MD950 was 36.9 MPa and 28.0 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the use of ADW as paste volume should be limited and a higher water binder ratio will significantly reduce the compressive strength.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Every Friday, Muslims has been required to perform a special prayer known as the Friday prayers w... more Every Friday, Muslims has been required to perform a special prayer known as the Friday prayers which involve the delivery of a brief lecture (Khutbah). Speech intelligibility in oral communications presented by the preacher affected all the congregation and determined the level of acoustic quality in the interior of the mosque. Therefore, this study intended to assess the level of acoustic quality of three public mosques in Batu Pahat. Good acoustic quality is essential in contributing towards appreciation in prayers and increasing khusyu' during the worship, which is closely related to the speech intelligibility corresponding to the actual function of the mosque according to Islam. Acoustic parameters measured includes noise criteria (NC), reverberation time (RT) and speech transmission index (STI), and was performed using the sound level meter and sound measurement instruments. This test is carried out through the physical observation with the consideration of space and volume design as a factor affecting acoustic parameters. Results from all 3 mosques as the showed that the acoustic quality level inside these buildings are slightly poor which is at below 0.45 coefficients based on the standard. Among the factors that influencing the low acoustical quality are location, building materials, installation of sound absorption material and the number of occupants inside the mosque. As conclusion, the acoustic quality level of a mosque is highly depends on physical factors of the mosque such as the architectural design and space volume besides other factors as been identified by this study.
Structural Bonding Method (SBM) is one type of Lightning Protection System (LPS), design to prote... more Structural Bonding Method (SBM) is one type of Lightning Protection System (LPS), design to protect human, structures, contents inside structures, electrical equipment, transmission lines and other from the lightning flash. Besides, SBM is a standard LPS that comply with technical standards or codes of practice or called as conventional Lightning Protection System. In order to know the level of the Awareness of the Installation LPS by using SBM in the building among Civil Engineering Consultants, conducting survey need to be done. This paper presents the Research Design and Research Strategy in conducting the survey. It is explaining about the way before conducting the survey which are determine the population of sample (Consultant Company at Northern Region Area), samples of respondents (Civil Engineer at Consultant Office with the number of sample is 40), data collecting process, structure of the questionnaire form and the way in analysis the data. After the analysis the data, the result of the level of awareness in the Installation of LPS by using SBM are consider as moderate level.
The construction of asphalt roads has been commonly used as for infrastructure development since ... more The construction of asphalt roads has been commonly used as for infrastructure development since ancient times. The production of asphalt using drum mix plants has created powder waste in the premix batching plant industry. It consists of very fine powders and causesproblems to the environment today. However, powder waste can be successfully and economically utilized in the development of selfcompacting concrete (SCC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the fresh properties and the compressive strength of SCC containing asphalt dust waste (ADW). For this purpose, a simple modified volumetric mix design approach based on the Okumura Method was adapted to produce SCC mixes. In order to obtain this SCC, a series of SCC mixes with a specific water/binder ratio (0.3), superplasticizer ratio (2%) as well as different amounts of aggregate, sand and ADW were prepared. Fresh properties of the SCC mix were tested using tests such as slump-flow, J-Ring, L-box and V-funnel which showed satisfactory results for MD8 40 and MD8 50. The compressive strength for MD8 40 and MD8 50 after 28 days was 40.8 MPa and 34.7 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the simple modified volumetric mix design method by utilizing ADW in SCC can be suggested for the development of SCC.
The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can ... more The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can be used to identify the damage classifications in RC structure. This research paper will mainly focus on the utilization of signal strength and Absolute energy (AE signal) in determining on the damage quantification for RC beam subjected to cyclic load test. The beam specimens size (150 X 250 X 1900) mm were prepared in the laboratory and tested with the four point bending test using cyclic loading together with acoustic emission monitoring system. The results showed that the analysis of AE data parameters is capable of determining the damage classification in concrete structures and the data corresponded to the visual observations during the increased loading cycle.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s inJapan. SCC is well known for it... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s inJapan. SCC is well known for its self-consolidation and able to occupy spaces in the formwork without any vibration and become new interesting topic in Construction and Building Materials Research. There were various SCC researches that have been carried out inTurkey,Malaysia,Thailand,Iran,United Kingdom,Algeria, and India.The aim of this review is to summaries the alternative material used in the mix design from 2009 to 2015 through available literature. It hascommon materials such as Limestone Powder (LP), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). While there are many alternative or recycled material can be used in producing SCC. This review only focus on waste material fromMarble Powder (MP), Dolomite Powder (DP), Crump Rubber (CR), Recycled Aggregate (RA) and Rise Husk Ash (RHA).Each type of materialshassimilarity effect in fresh and hardened state of SCC. Therefore, this paper will provi...
Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and pr... more Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and properties of concrete. Additional materials include the use of steel fibers into the concrete mix. With the used of steel fibers, it can enhance the strength of the concrete. In this research, two parameters will be investigated which is the volume friction of the steel fiber and the length of the steel fiber. End-hooked steel fiber with the length of 33 mm and 50 mm and the percentage of steel fiber 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % used in this research. The size of the mold used is 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The characteristics during the fresh concrete were also investigated by conducting the slump test, compaction test and vebe test. All the samples has been cured in the water for 7 th , 14 th and 28 th days for the compressive strength test. Based on result, it was concluded that the optimum percentage of steel fiber in this report was 1.0 % for the end-hooked steel fiber with 33 mm length which provided the highest compressive strength at 28 days.
Development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is significantly important in the construction indu... more Development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is significantly important in the construction industry while it greatly involved in recycled of powder waste material in improving rheological properties. Utilizing powder waste produced from asphalt batching plant so called Asphalt Dust Waste (ADW) was an alternative solution to reduce this waste material that cause pollution to surrounding dumping area. The aims of this study were to evaluate the optimum percentage of ADW as filler in coarse aggregate and the effect of ADW as cement replacement in develops SCC. The investigation focus on rheological performance at fresh state that was subjected to slump flow diameter, J Ring test, L Box and V Funnel test. Meanwhile, the hardened test was subjected to compressive strength and tensile strength at 7 and 28 days only. Difference percentage of ADW are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, has been incorporated into course aggregate by mass as a filler. The results shows 30% ADW as filler give th...
Waste materials from many industries are widely used in the production of sustainable green concr... more Waste materials from many industries are widely used in the production of sustainable green concrete. Utilizing asphalt dust waste (ADW) as a filler material in the development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the alternative solutions for reducing environmental waste. SCC is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. However, there is limited information on the effects of utilizing ADW in the development of SCC. Therefore, this research study examines the effects of various w/b ratios (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) and differing amounts of ADW (0% to 50%) on the rheological properties of fresh state concrete. The compressive strength of the SCC was tested only for 7 and 28 days as preliminary studies. The results revealed that mixtures MD730, MD740 and MD750 showed satisfactory results for the slump flow, J-Ring, L-Box and V-Funnel test during the fresh state. The compressive strength values obtained after 28 days for MD730, MD740 and MD750 were 35.1 MPa, 36.8 MPa and 29.4 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the distribution of materials in mixtures has significant effect in achieving rheological properties and compressive strength of SCC.
Agro-based waste can be used as an additive material in the construction industry. Agro-based mat... more Agro-based waste can be used as an additive material in the construction industry. Agro-based materials such as palm kernel shells (PKS) were chosen for this study. PKS are produced in large quantities. Hence, using PKS as an additive may increase concrete durability and contribute to a cleaner environment. As PKS is able to improve the compressive strength of concrete even though its bulk density is much less than standard aggregates which is 1850 kg/m 3, the overall project cost could be reduced by about 42%. The results also satisfied the strength requirement for lightweight concrete brick durability for structural purposes.
The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can ... more The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can be used to identify the damage classifications in RC structure. This research paper will mainly focus on the utilization of signal strength and Absolute energy (AE signal) in determining on the damage quantification for RC beam subjected to cyclic load test. The beam specimens size (150 X 250 X 1900) mm were prepared in the laboratory and tested with the four point bending test using cyclic loading together with acoustic emission monitoring system. The results showed that the analysis of AE data parameters is capable of determining the damage classification in concrete structures and the data corresponded to the visual observations during the increased loading cycle.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Individual vehicle acceleration and deceleration are important to generate vehicles speed profile... more Individual vehicle acceleration and deceleration are important to generate vehicles speed profile. This study covered acceleration and deceleration characteristics of passenger car in Federal Route FT050 Jalan Batu Pahat-Ayer Hitam that was the top ranking dangerous road. Global Positioning System was used to record 10 cars speed to develop speed profile with clustering zone. At the acceleration manoeuver, the acceleration rate becomes lower as the drivers get near to desired speed. While, at deceleration manoeuver, vehicles with high speed needs more time to stop compare to low speed vehicle. This is because, the drivers need to accelerate more from zero speed to achieve desired speed and drivers need more distance and time to stop their vehicles. However, it was found out that 30% to 50% are driving in dangerous condition that was proven in clustering acceleration and deceleration speed profile. As conclusion, this excessive drivers are the factor that creating high risk in rear-end collision that inline FT050 as dangerous road in Malaysia.
Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and pr... more Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and properties of concrete. Additional materials include the use of steel fibers into the concrete mix. With the used of steel fibers, it can enhance the strength of the concrete. In this research, two parameters will be investigated which is the volume friction of the steel fiber and the length of the steel fiber. End-hooked steel fiber with the length of 33 mm and 50 mm and the percentage of steel fiber 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % used in this research. The size of the mold used is 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The characteristics during the fresh concrete were also investigated by conducting the slump test, compaction test and vebe test. All the samples has been cured in the water for 7th, 14th and 28th days for the compressive strength test. Based on result, it was concluded that the optimum percentage of steel fiber in this report was 1.0 % for the end-hooked steel fiber with 33 mm length which pr...
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures are usually designed to have high workability during the ... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixtures are usually designed to have high workability during the fresh state through the influence of higher volumes of paste in concrete mixtures. Asphalt dust waste (ADW) is one of disposed materials obtained during the production of asphalt premix. These fine powder wastes contribute to environmental problems today. However, these waste materials can be utilized in the development of sustainable and economical SCC. This paper focuses on the preliminary evaluations of the fresh properties and compressive strength of developed SCC for 7 and 28 days only. 144 cube samples from 24 mixtures with varying water binder ratios (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) and ADW volume (0% to 100%) were prepared. MD940 and MD950 showed a satisfactory performance for the slump flow, J-Ring, L-Box and V-Funnel tests at fresh state. The compressive strength after 28 days for MD940 and MD950 was 36.9 MPa and 28.0 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the use of ADW as paste volume should be limited and a higher water binder ratio will significantly reduce the compressive strength.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Every Friday, Muslims has been required to perform a special prayer known as the Friday prayers w... more Every Friday, Muslims has been required to perform a special prayer known as the Friday prayers which involve the delivery of a brief lecture (Khutbah). Speech intelligibility in oral communications presented by the preacher affected all the congregation and determined the level of acoustic quality in the interior of the mosque. Therefore, this study intended to assess the level of acoustic quality of three public mosques in Batu Pahat. Good acoustic quality is essential in contributing towards appreciation in prayers and increasing khusyu' during the worship, which is closely related to the speech intelligibility corresponding to the actual function of the mosque according to Islam. Acoustic parameters measured includes noise criteria (NC), reverberation time (RT) and speech transmission index (STI), and was performed using the sound level meter and sound measurement instruments. This test is carried out through the physical observation with the consideration of space and volume design as a factor affecting acoustic parameters. Results from all 3 mosques as the showed that the acoustic quality level inside these buildings are slightly poor which is at below 0.45 coefficients based on the standard. Among the factors that influencing the low acoustical quality are location, building materials, installation of sound absorption material and the number of occupants inside the mosque. As conclusion, the acoustic quality level of a mosque is highly depends on physical factors of the mosque such as the architectural design and space volume besides other factors as been identified by this study.
Structural Bonding Method (SBM) is one type of Lightning Protection System (LPS), design to prote... more Structural Bonding Method (SBM) is one type of Lightning Protection System (LPS), design to protect human, structures, contents inside structures, electrical equipment, transmission lines and other from the lightning flash. Besides, SBM is a standard LPS that comply with technical standards or codes of practice or called as conventional Lightning Protection System. In order to know the level of the Awareness of the Installation LPS by using SBM in the building among Civil Engineering Consultants, conducting survey need to be done. This paper presents the Research Design and Research Strategy in conducting the survey. It is explaining about the way before conducting the survey which are determine the population of sample (Consultant Company at Northern Region Area), samples of respondents (Civil Engineer at Consultant Office with the number of sample is 40), data collecting process, structure of the questionnaire form and the way in analysis the data. After the analysis the data, the result of the level of awareness in the Installation of LPS by using SBM are consider as moderate level.
The construction of asphalt roads has been commonly used as for infrastructure development since ... more The construction of asphalt roads has been commonly used as for infrastructure development since ancient times. The production of asphalt using drum mix plants has created powder waste in the premix batching plant industry. It consists of very fine powders and causesproblems to the environment today. However, powder waste can be successfully and economically utilized in the development of selfcompacting concrete (SCC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the fresh properties and the compressive strength of SCC containing asphalt dust waste (ADW). For this purpose, a simple modified volumetric mix design approach based on the Okumura Method was adapted to produce SCC mixes. In order to obtain this SCC, a series of SCC mixes with a specific water/binder ratio (0.3), superplasticizer ratio (2%) as well as different amounts of aggregate, sand and ADW were prepared. Fresh properties of the SCC mix were tested using tests such as slump-flow, J-Ring, L-box and V-funnel which showed satisfactory results for MD8 40 and MD8 50. The compressive strength for MD8 40 and MD8 50 after 28 days was 40.8 MPa and 34.7 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the simple modified volumetric mix design method by utilizing ADW in SCC can be suggested for the development of SCC.
The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can ... more The most efficient tools in real monitoring system is acoustic emission (AE). This technique can be used to identify the damage classifications in RC structure. This research paper will mainly focus on the utilization of signal strength and Absolute energy (AE signal) in determining on the damage quantification for RC beam subjected to cyclic load test. The beam specimens size (150 X 250 X 1900) mm were prepared in the laboratory and tested with the four point bending test using cyclic loading together with acoustic emission monitoring system. The results showed that the analysis of AE data parameters is capable of determining the damage classification in concrete structures and the data corresponded to the visual observations during the increased loading cycle.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s inJapan. SCC is well known for it... more Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s inJapan. SCC is well known for its self-consolidation and able to occupy spaces in the formwork without any vibration and become new interesting topic in Construction and Building Materials Research. There were various SCC researches that have been carried out inTurkey,Malaysia,Thailand,Iran,United Kingdom,Algeria, and India.The aim of this review is to summaries the alternative material used in the mix design from 2009 to 2015 through available literature. It hascommon materials such as Limestone Powder (LP), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). While there are many alternative or recycled material can be used in producing SCC. This review only focus on waste material fromMarble Powder (MP), Dolomite Powder (DP), Crump Rubber (CR), Recycled Aggregate (RA) and Rise Husk Ash (RHA).Each type of materialshassimilarity effect in fresh and hardened state of SCC. Therefore, this paper will provi...
Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and pr... more Currently in concrete technology a lot of materials were introduced to improve the quality and properties of concrete. Additional materials include the use of steel fibers into the concrete mix. With the used of steel fibers, it can enhance the strength of the concrete. In this research, two parameters will be investigated which is the volume friction of the steel fiber and the length of the steel fiber. End-hooked steel fiber with the length of 33 mm and 50 mm and the percentage of steel fiber 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % used in this research. The size of the mold used is 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. The characteristics during the fresh concrete were also investigated by conducting the slump test, compaction test and vebe test. All the samples has been cured in the water for 7 th , 14 th and 28 th days for the compressive strength test. Based on result, it was concluded that the optimum percentage of steel fiber in this report was 1.0 % for the end-hooked steel fiber with 33 mm length which provided the highest compressive strength at 28 days.
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