This study aimed at ascertaining the quality of locally produced rice which is consumed mostly by... more This study aimed at ascertaining the quality of locally produced rice which is consumed mostly by rural dwellers. The extent of soil pollution was measured using geoaccumulation index (I geo) as a pollution index, and enrichment coefficient (EC) of heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, and Ni) and translocation potentials of hybrid rice plants – ITA, CISADANE, WITA 4, and MARS were investigated in a rice farm in Nsit Ubium, South-South Nigeria under actual field conditions. The results revealed that soils in the farmland are moderately polluted with Pb, Fe, and Ni (I geo < 2) and unpolluted to moderately polluted with Zn (I geo < 1) and that soil Pb, Zn, and Ni exceeded the European Commission limits and levels in uncontaminated soils. The levels of Pb in ITA grains and Zn in ITA and MARS grains exceeded the FAO/WHO safe limits. The roots and stems of all hybrids were accumulators (1 < EC < 10) of Fe, Zn, and Ni whereas the roots of ITA hybrid only accumulated Pb (EC = 1.06). The leaves and grains had little potential for metal extraction (EC < 1). The result further indicated that all hybrid rice plants translocate Pb, Fe, Zn, and Ni ineffectively from roots to stem (S/R), stem to leaves (L/S) and from stem to grains (G/S) (translocation factor < 1). The ITA hybrid rice in the study area appeared to be unsafe for consumption. The finding has emphasized the need for the identification of rice species that are not hyper-accumulators of toxic metals for planting in a particular ecology.
The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to nine roadside soil samples for t... more The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to nine roadside soil samples for the determination of Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni. The extractable metals were isolated into three operationally defined fractions viz: acid extractable, reducible and oxidizable. The residue was treated with aqua regia solution. Metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with airacetylene flame. Results obtained showed the concentrations of the metals as relative abundance in the mobile phases of the samples (based on the sum of the first three fractions) are in the following order: Cd(91.9) [ Pb(82.8) [ Ni(49.5) [ Cr(39.0). The most non-mobilizable metals were Cr and Ni which are generally lithogenic, associated with the silicate matrix, and the order is as follows: Cr(61.0) [ Ni(50.5) [ Pb(17.2) [ Cd(8.1). The recovery of all the metals expressed as the ratio of total metal concentration to fractional sum of the optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was of the order: Cr(95.6) [ Pb(95.0) [ Ni(94.8) [ Cd(92.4).
The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on th... more The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on thermal stability of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) films obtained by solvent casting is reported. The results show that the derivatives of the seed oil exert stabilizing effect on the UPVC against thermal degradation. The effectiveness of the metal soaps was found to be in the order: Cd > Ba > Zn > Ca. The mechanism of stabilization may probably be due to the replacement of labile chlorine atoms within the polymer structure with carboxylate groups which are more stable to heat treatment. Â
... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organism... more ... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organisms. The mean values of soil pH ranged from 5.88 to 9.31. ... J Environ Qual. 32:129 137. Udosen, ED, Udoessien, EI and Ibok, UJ (1990). ...
Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, 2005
Concentrations and distribution of seven heavy metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Cu in t... more Concentrations and distribution of seven heavy metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Cu in the soil samples collected from 38 different sites from Ibadan Metropolis and its suburbs were investigated. The metals were extracted from the soil with HNO 3 -HClO 4 -HF combination for the elemental analysis using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained for all locations indicated (μg g -1 dry weight): Pb (150±143); Cd (4.2±4.4); Zn (213±213); Cr (131±96); Co (38±19); Ni (79±56); and Cu (40±36). Zonal average of metal concentrations indicated the highest metal load in the environment of the urban high traffic (UHT) zone followed by the refuse dump sites. Interelemental association in the UHT-zone showed significant correlation between the pairs Pb-Cd (r=0.521), Pb-Cu (r=0.412), Zn-Cr (r=0.603), Zn-Cu (r = 0.334). Ni-Cr (r=0.749), Ni-Co (r =0.324), and Cd-Cu (r = 0.408).
The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on th... more The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on thermal stability of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) films obtained by solvent casting is reported. The results show that the derivatives of the seed oil exert stabilizing effect on the UPVC against thermal degradation. The effectiveness of the metal soaps was found to be in the order: Cd > Ba > Zn > Ca. The mechanism of stabilization may probably be due to the replacement of labile chlorine atoms within the polymer structure with carboxylate groups which are more stable to heat treatment. Â
The water quality status of rivers, streams, and underground water in Uruan Local Government Area... more The water quality status of rivers, streams, and underground water in Uruan Local Government Area, Nigeria was investigated in this study. Inhabitants of this region depend on these water resources for drinking and other purposes. Water samples were collected from four rivers, nine streams, six boreholes and a well from various points across three study zones in the local government. Standard analytical methods were employed for all analyses and the results are compared with water quality standards of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Most quality determinands are within WHO guidelines except pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, total coliform, and Fe. The overall ionic dominance pattern for the river, stream, borehole and well follow the same trend Fe>Na>Mn>K and Cl - >NO 3 - >NO 2 - . The hygienic condition of the water bodies is found to be poor. High BOD 5 , coliform count and BOD 5 :NO 3 ratio of river, stream an...
Annatto extract (dye) was investigated as a cheap and ecologically friendly alternative corrosion... more Annatto extract (dye) was investigated as a cheap and ecologically friendly alternative corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion process was monitored with mild steel coupons in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid at temperatures between 30 o C to 90 o C by weight loss and spectroscopic techniques. The dye effectively inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in the acid at the studied temperatures. Inhibition efficiency obtained was found to vary with temperature and concentration of the dye. Adsorption models were used to predict the nature of the dye-steel surface interaction. Thermodynamic models provided evidence of spontaneous physical and chemical adsorption mechanism with the evolution of heat. Kinetic studies revealed a deepening effect on the activation potential in the presence of the dye. The effect of solvent and synergistic intensifiers on the effectiveness of the dye was also assessed. Heavy metal ion composition in the formulation was determined and was within the limit of environmental and health safety.
The bio-indicator potentials of two invertebrate species, Eudrilus eugeniae (earthworm) and Pachy... more The bio-indicator potentials of two invertebrate species, Eudrilus eugeniae (earthworm) and Pachybolus ligulatus (millipede) in toxic metals impacted soils in Akwa Ibom State, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were assessed. The study involved collection of Eudrilus eugeniae and Pachybolus ligulatus, and their site soil samples from different impacted and non-impacted soils in ten locations spread over four Local Government Areas. Toxic metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cd) in soils and in the bio-indicator organisms were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, after acid digestion. Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) was used to measure the extent of soil pollution; Bio-Accumulation Factor (BAF) to compute the metal uptake from soil by bio-indicators; and multivariate statistics to identify interrelationships among metals and the pollution sources. Metals in all soils were higher than the background levels, and were classified as unpolluted to very strongly polluted. Pb, Fe, Zn and Cd...
The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure (proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Te... more The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure (proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T) of the European Union) was applied to seven topsoil samples from refuse dump sites for the determination of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. The metals were partitioned into four operationally defined chemical fractions: acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable and residual, and analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, FAAS.The results were compared with total metal concentrations obtained using HNO3, HClO4 and HF digestion procedures. Results for total metal analysis ranged from - 15.55 to 43.45 for Cu, 37.15 to 222.35 for Zn, 5.15 to 12.10 for Ni, 10.30 to 93.05 for Pb and 0.35 to 3.75 for Cd in μgg−1 dry weight. The results of the partitioning study showed that zinc prevailed in the more soluble fractions and was distributed between the acid-extractable (32.4%) and the reducible (40.3%) fractions, whereas Pb was distributed mainly in the reducible fraction. Copper and nickel were predominantly associated with the reducible and residual fractions - 53.4, 33.3 and 51.1, 24.1% respectively. The ranking of the four fractions for the partitioning of cadmium was: reducible > residual > oxidizable > acid extractable. The percentage recovery for all metals when comparing total metal concentration with the fractional sum of the optimized BCR procedure, were of the order: Zn(93%) > Pb(83%) > Cu(78) > Cd > (68%) > Ni(63%).
... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organism... more ... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organisms. The mean values of soil pH ranged from 5.88 to 9.31. ... J Environ Qual. 32:129 137. Udosen, ED, Udoessien, EI and Ibok, UJ (1990). ...
This study aimed at ascertaining the quality of locally produced rice which is consumed mostly by... more This study aimed at ascertaining the quality of locally produced rice which is consumed mostly by rural dwellers. The extent of soil pollution was measured using geoaccumulation index (I geo) as a pollution index, and enrichment coefficient (EC) of heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, and Ni) and translocation potentials of hybrid rice plants – ITA, CISADANE, WITA 4, and MARS were investigated in a rice farm in Nsit Ubium, South-South Nigeria under actual field conditions. The results revealed that soils in the farmland are moderately polluted with Pb, Fe, and Ni (I geo < 2) and unpolluted to moderately polluted with Zn (I geo < 1) and that soil Pb, Zn, and Ni exceeded the European Commission limits and levels in uncontaminated soils. The levels of Pb in ITA grains and Zn in ITA and MARS grains exceeded the FAO/WHO safe limits. The roots and stems of all hybrids were accumulators (1 < EC < 10) of Fe, Zn, and Ni whereas the roots of ITA hybrid only accumulated Pb (EC = 1.06). The leaves and grains had little potential for metal extraction (EC < 1). The result further indicated that all hybrid rice plants translocate Pb, Fe, Zn, and Ni ineffectively from roots to stem (S/R), stem to leaves (L/S) and from stem to grains (G/S) (translocation factor < 1). The ITA hybrid rice in the study area appeared to be unsafe for consumption. The finding has emphasized the need for the identification of rice species that are not hyper-accumulators of toxic metals for planting in a particular ecology.
The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to nine roadside soil samples for t... more The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to nine roadside soil samples for the determination of Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni. The extractable metals were isolated into three operationally defined fractions viz: acid extractable, reducible and oxidizable. The residue was treated with aqua regia solution. Metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with airacetylene flame. Results obtained showed the concentrations of the metals as relative abundance in the mobile phases of the samples (based on the sum of the first three fractions) are in the following order: Cd(91.9) [ Pb(82.8) [ Ni(49.5) [ Cr(39.0). The most non-mobilizable metals were Cr and Ni which are generally lithogenic, associated with the silicate matrix, and the order is as follows: Cr(61.0) [ Ni(50.5) [ Pb(17.2) [ Cd(8.1). The recovery of all the metals expressed as the ratio of total metal concentration to fractional sum of the optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure was of the order: Cr(95.6) [ Pb(95.0) [ Ni(94.8) [ Cd(92.4).
The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on th... more The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on thermal stability of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) films obtained by solvent casting is reported. The results show that the derivatives of the seed oil exert stabilizing effect on the UPVC against thermal degradation. The effectiveness of the metal soaps was found to be in the order: Cd > Ba > Zn > Ca. The mechanism of stabilization may probably be due to the replacement of labile chlorine atoms within the polymer structure with carboxylate groups which are more stable to heat treatment. Â
... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organism... more ... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organisms. The mean values of soil pH ranged from 5.88 to 9.31. ... J Environ Qual. 32:129 137. Udosen, ED, Udoessien, EI and Ibok, UJ (1990). ...
Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, 2005
Concentrations and distribution of seven heavy metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Cu in t... more Concentrations and distribution of seven heavy metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Cu in the soil samples collected from 38 different sites from Ibadan Metropolis and its suburbs were investigated. The metals were extracted from the soil with HNO 3 -HClO 4 -HF combination for the elemental analysis using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained for all locations indicated (μg g -1 dry weight): Pb (150±143); Cd (4.2±4.4); Zn (213±213); Cr (131±96); Co (38±19); Ni (79±56); and Cu (40±36). Zonal average of metal concentrations indicated the highest metal load in the environment of the urban high traffic (UHT) zone followed by the refuse dump sites. Interelemental association in the UHT-zone showed significant correlation between the pairs Pb-Cd (r=0.521), Pb-Cu (r=0.412), Zn-Cr (r=0.603), Zn-Cu (r = 0.334). Ni-Cr (r=0.749), Ni-Co (r =0.324), and Cd-Cu (r = 0.408).
The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on th... more The effect of metal soaps of Hura crepitans seed oil prepared using Cd, Ba, Zn and Ca salts on thermal stability of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) films obtained by solvent casting is reported. The results show that the derivatives of the seed oil exert stabilizing effect on the UPVC against thermal degradation. The effectiveness of the metal soaps was found to be in the order: Cd > Ba > Zn > Ca. The mechanism of stabilization may probably be due to the replacement of labile chlorine atoms within the polymer structure with carboxylate groups which are more stable to heat treatment. Â
The water quality status of rivers, streams, and underground water in Uruan Local Government Area... more The water quality status of rivers, streams, and underground water in Uruan Local Government Area, Nigeria was investigated in this study. Inhabitants of this region depend on these water resources for drinking and other purposes. Water samples were collected from four rivers, nine streams, six boreholes and a well from various points across three study zones in the local government. Standard analytical methods were employed for all analyses and the results are compared with water quality standards of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Most quality determinands are within WHO guidelines except pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, total coliform, and Fe. The overall ionic dominance pattern for the river, stream, borehole and well follow the same trend Fe>Na>Mn>K and Cl - >NO 3 - >NO 2 - . The hygienic condition of the water bodies is found to be poor. High BOD 5 , coliform count and BOD 5 :NO 3 ratio of river, stream an...
Annatto extract (dye) was investigated as a cheap and ecologically friendly alternative corrosion... more Annatto extract (dye) was investigated as a cheap and ecologically friendly alternative corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion process was monitored with mild steel coupons in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid at temperatures between 30 o C to 90 o C by weight loss and spectroscopic techniques. The dye effectively inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in the acid at the studied temperatures. Inhibition efficiency obtained was found to vary with temperature and concentration of the dye. Adsorption models were used to predict the nature of the dye-steel surface interaction. Thermodynamic models provided evidence of spontaneous physical and chemical adsorption mechanism with the evolution of heat. Kinetic studies revealed a deepening effect on the activation potential in the presence of the dye. The effect of solvent and synergistic intensifiers on the effectiveness of the dye was also assessed. Heavy metal ion composition in the formulation was determined and was within the limit of environmental and health safety.
The bio-indicator potentials of two invertebrate species, Eudrilus eugeniae (earthworm) and Pachy... more The bio-indicator potentials of two invertebrate species, Eudrilus eugeniae (earthworm) and Pachybolus ligulatus (millipede) in toxic metals impacted soils in Akwa Ibom State, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria were assessed. The study involved collection of Eudrilus eugeniae and Pachybolus ligulatus, and their site soil samples from different impacted and non-impacted soils in ten locations spread over four Local Government Areas. Toxic metals (Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cd) in soils and in the bio-indicator organisms were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, after acid digestion. Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) was used to measure the extent of soil pollution; Bio-Accumulation Factor (BAF) to compute the metal uptake from soil by bio-indicators; and multivariate statistics to identify interrelationships among metals and the pollution sources. Metals in all soils were higher than the background levels, and were classified as unpolluted to very strongly polluted. Pb, Fe, Zn and Cd...
The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure (proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Te... more The optimized BCR sequential extraction procedure (proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (SM&T) of the European Union) was applied to seven topsoil samples from refuse dump sites for the determination of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. The metals were partitioned into four operationally defined chemical fractions: acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable and residual, and analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, FAAS.The results were compared with total metal concentrations obtained using HNO3, HClO4 and HF digestion procedures. Results for total metal analysis ranged from - 15.55 to 43.45 for Cu, 37.15 to 222.35 for Zn, 5.15 to 12.10 for Ni, 10.30 to 93.05 for Pb and 0.35 to 3.75 for Cd in μgg−1 dry weight. The results of the partitioning study showed that zinc prevailed in the more soluble fractions and was distributed between the acid-extractable (32.4%) and the reducible (40.3%) fractions, whereas Pb was distributed mainly in the reducible fraction. Copper and nickel were predominantly associated with the reducible and residual fractions - 53.4, 33.3 and 51.1, 24.1% respectively. The ranking of the four fractions for the partitioning of cadmium was: reducible > residual > oxidizable > acid extractable. The percentage recovery for all metals when comparing total metal concentration with the fractional sum of the optimized BCR procedure, were of the order: Zn(93%) > Pb(83%) > Cu(78) > Cd > (68%) > Ni(63%).
... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organism... more ... This was taken as the normal pH range for ordinary soils that favour plant and micro-organisms. The mean values of soil pH ranged from 5.88 to 9.31. ... J Environ Qual. 32:129 137. Udosen, ED, Udoessien, EI and Ibok, UJ (1990). ...
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