Australian journal of primary health, Jan 21, 2015
This paper reports on a pilot qualitative study investigating Aboriginal participants' perspe... more This paper reports on a pilot qualitative study investigating Aboriginal participants' perspectives of the Flinders Living Well Smoke Free (LWSF) 'training intervention'. Health workers nationally have been trained in this program, which offers a self-management approach to reducing smoking among Aboriginal clients. A component of the training involves Aboriginal clients volunteering their time in a mock care-planning session providing the health workers with an opportunity to practise their newly acquired skills. During this simulation, the volunteer clients receive one condensed session of the LWSF intervention imitating how the training will be implemented when the health workers have completed the training. For the purpose of this study, 10 Aboriginal clients who had been volunteers in the mock care-planning process, underwent a semi-structured interview at seven sites in Australia, including mainstream health services, Aboriginal community controlled health services...
The effects of short-term (30 min) pre-incubation of human monocytes and macrophages (3-day cultu... more The effects of short-term (30 min) pre-incubation of human monocytes and macrophages (3-day cultured monocytes) with leucocyte-derived human interferon-gamma (IFN-y) and recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-a) were examined. Pre-incubation of either monocytes or macrophages with rTNF-a or IFN-y (100 U/5 x 105 cells) augmented their respiratory burst to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), measured by the luminoland lucigenindependent chemiluminescence assay. In addition, both cell types showed a burst of respiratory activity in the presence of rTNF-a or IFN-y only. The effects of IFN-y were removed by adsorption with an anti-IFN-y monoclonal antibody and those of rTNF-a were abolished by heating at 100°C, or by the addition of anti-TNF-a monoclonal antibody. The results demonstrate that both IFN-y and rTNF-a are stimulators of monocytes and macrophages, and rapidly alter the capacity of the cells to respond to fMLP, which binds to cell surface receptors.
Cartilage is a focal point of attack by cellular and molecular elements of the inflammatory respo... more Cartilage is a focal point of attack by cellular and molecular elements of the inflammatory response which occurs in arthritic diseases. Neutrophils damage articular cartilage by degrading matrix components and inhibiting their synthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of this damage. Human neutrophils were isolated from blood by centrifuging through Ficoll-Hypaque and granule extract prepared from them. Articular cartilage from adult humans and cattle was maintained in organ culture. Cartilage degradation (release of 35S-labelled proteoglycan) or synthesis (incorporation of ^^S into proteoglycan) was determined after various treatments. Human neutrophils and neutrophil granule extract degraded proteoglycan and inhibited proteoglycan synthesis. The specific leucocyte elastasc inhibitor A'-methoxysuccinyl-(ala)2-pro-vaI-chloromethylketone (MAAPV-CMK) partially reversed these effects. H2O2. a product of the neutrophi! respiratory burst, when added directly at 10" ^mol/L, or generated by glucose oxidase (GO)/glucose inhibited proteoglycan synthesis but had no effect on degradation. Hypochlorous acid (OHCI), a product of the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/C1 system at 50 |imol/L degraded proteoglycan and inhibited its synthesis. OHCI produced by granule extract (as a source of MPO) + GO-generated H2O2+C1~ degraded proteoglycan. The results indicate that neutrophii-mediated proteoglycan degradation and inhibition of synthesis Is largely attributable to elastase and secondarily to OHCI, whereas H2O2 impairs synthesis without affecting degradation of proteoglycan.
Monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation was studied in an air pouch model of rat synovium. ... more Monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation was studied in an air pouch model of rat synovium. Phagocytosis of crystals by macrophage-like and fibroblast-like cells in the pouch lining was observed 30 minutes after crystal injection and preceded polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation. Levels of the prostaglandins PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, measured in serial pouch washouts, showed a clear temporal dissociation with leucocyte numbers, with peak levels of the prostanoids occurring before the maximum accumulation of leucocytes. Indomethacin abrogated prostaglandin synthesis completely without reducing leucocyte counts in pouch washouts. We propose that the pouch lining cells may be the primary source of the prostaglandins and these mediators do not have a significant role in leucocyte chemotaxis in this model.
Highly purified human interferon-gamma (IFN-y) induced a respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme r... more Highly purified human interferon-gamma (IFN-y) induced a respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme release in human neutrophils. The lymphokine augmented the respiratory burst induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylanaline (fMLP), and increased the release of specific granule enzymes induced by opsonized zymozan. Viability and locomotion of neutrophils were unaffected by IFN-y.
This paper describes and evaluates the process, impacts and outcomes of an Aboriginal Family and ... more This paper describes and evaluates the process, impacts and outcomes of an Aboriginal Family and Community Healing (AFCH) Program based in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. The evaluation used participatory action oriented methodology, mixed methods and multiple data sources. The AFCH comprised complex and dynamic activities for Aboriginal men, women and youth built around community engagement, and hosted by the regional
We have shown previously that pre-exposure of neutrophils to TNF significantly enhanced their kil... more We have shown previously that pre-exposure of neutrophils to TNF significantly enhanced their killing of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. We now demonstrate that the ability of TNF to enhance the bactericidal activity is dependent on preincubation time; enhancement was still evident when TNF and bacteria were added simultaneously to neutrophils but if TNF addition was delayed by 5 min, no enhancement was seen. Evidence is presented that suggests that this could be related to a down-regulation of TNF receptors by the bacteria, but in addition, the release of TNF receptor fragments may contribute to the inhibition observed. Scatchard analyses demonstrated a decrease from approximately 3000 TNF receptor (receptor binding) sites per cell to 450 following treatment with S. aureus, but essentially no change in receptor affinity. Using mAb directed against the type A (75 kDa) receptor (utr-1) and the type B (55 kDa) receptor (htr-9), it was found that the expression of both receptors was decreased following treatment with the bacteria. The time course of loss of these receptors showed that the surface expression of both molecules was markedly decreased by 5 min which correlated with the loss in ability of TNF to enhance the bactericidal activity. In contrast to changes seen in the binding of TNF, similarly treated neutrophils showed essentially no change in the binding of radiolabeled tripeptide FMLP and, if anything, an increase in the expression of the CD11b Ag (CR3 receptor). When another phagocytic stimulus was used, opsonized fungi (Torulopsis glabrata), a similar depression of TNF binding was also found, but opsonized sheep erythrocytes had no effect on the TNF binding, suggesting that the effects on the TNF receptor cannot be explained simply on the basis of particle phagocytosis.
Closing the Gaps in Aboriginal Mental Health Care Delivery: Coordinated Aboriginal Mental Health ... more Closing the Gaps in Aboriginal Mental Health Care Delivery: Coordinated Aboriginal Mental Health (and Alcohol/Drug) Care).
Australian journal of primary health, Jan 21, 2015
This paper reports on a pilot qualitative study investigating Aboriginal participants' perspe... more This paper reports on a pilot qualitative study investigating Aboriginal participants' perspectives of the Flinders Living Well Smoke Free (LWSF) 'training intervention'. Health workers nationally have been trained in this program, which offers a self-management approach to reducing smoking among Aboriginal clients. A component of the training involves Aboriginal clients volunteering their time in a mock care-planning session providing the health workers with an opportunity to practise their newly acquired skills. During this simulation, the volunteer clients receive one condensed session of the LWSF intervention imitating how the training will be implemented when the health workers have completed the training. For the purpose of this study, 10 Aboriginal clients who had been volunteers in the mock care-planning process, underwent a semi-structured interview at seven sites in Australia, including mainstream health services, Aboriginal community controlled health services...
The effects of short-term (30 min) pre-incubation of human monocytes and macrophages (3-day cultu... more The effects of short-term (30 min) pre-incubation of human monocytes and macrophages (3-day cultured monocytes) with leucocyte-derived human interferon-gamma (IFN-y) and recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-a) were examined. Pre-incubation of either monocytes or macrophages with rTNF-a or IFN-y (100 U/5 x 105 cells) augmented their respiratory burst to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), measured by the luminoland lucigenindependent chemiluminescence assay. In addition, both cell types showed a burst of respiratory activity in the presence of rTNF-a or IFN-y only. The effects of IFN-y were removed by adsorption with an anti-IFN-y monoclonal antibody and those of rTNF-a were abolished by heating at 100°C, or by the addition of anti-TNF-a monoclonal antibody. The results demonstrate that both IFN-y and rTNF-a are stimulators of monocytes and macrophages, and rapidly alter the capacity of the cells to respond to fMLP, which binds to cell surface receptors.
Cartilage is a focal point of attack by cellular and molecular elements of the inflammatory respo... more Cartilage is a focal point of attack by cellular and molecular elements of the inflammatory response which occurs in arthritic diseases. Neutrophils damage articular cartilage by degrading matrix components and inhibiting their synthesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of this damage. Human neutrophils were isolated from blood by centrifuging through Ficoll-Hypaque and granule extract prepared from them. Articular cartilage from adult humans and cattle was maintained in organ culture. Cartilage degradation (release of 35S-labelled proteoglycan) or synthesis (incorporation of ^^S into proteoglycan) was determined after various treatments. Human neutrophils and neutrophil granule extract degraded proteoglycan and inhibited proteoglycan synthesis. The specific leucocyte elastasc inhibitor A'-methoxysuccinyl-(ala)2-pro-vaI-chloromethylketone (MAAPV-CMK) partially reversed these effects. H2O2. a product of the neutrophi! respiratory burst, when added directly at 10" ^mol/L, or generated by glucose oxidase (GO)/glucose inhibited proteoglycan synthesis but had no effect on degradation. Hypochlorous acid (OHCI), a product of the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/C1 system at 50 |imol/L degraded proteoglycan and inhibited its synthesis. OHCI produced by granule extract (as a source of MPO) + GO-generated H2O2+C1~ degraded proteoglycan. The results indicate that neutrophii-mediated proteoglycan degradation and inhibition of synthesis Is largely attributable to elastase and secondarily to OHCI, whereas H2O2 impairs synthesis without affecting degradation of proteoglycan.
Monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation was studied in an air pouch model of rat synovium. ... more Monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation was studied in an air pouch model of rat synovium. Phagocytosis of crystals by macrophage-like and fibroblast-like cells in the pouch lining was observed 30 minutes after crystal injection and preceded polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation. Levels of the prostaglandins PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, measured in serial pouch washouts, showed a clear temporal dissociation with leucocyte numbers, with peak levels of the prostanoids occurring before the maximum accumulation of leucocytes. Indomethacin abrogated prostaglandin synthesis completely without reducing leucocyte counts in pouch washouts. We propose that the pouch lining cells may be the primary source of the prostaglandins and these mediators do not have a significant role in leucocyte chemotaxis in this model.
Highly purified human interferon-gamma (IFN-y) induced a respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme r... more Highly purified human interferon-gamma (IFN-y) induced a respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme release in human neutrophils. The lymphokine augmented the respiratory burst induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylanaline (fMLP), and increased the release of specific granule enzymes induced by opsonized zymozan. Viability and locomotion of neutrophils were unaffected by IFN-y.
This paper describes and evaluates the process, impacts and outcomes of an Aboriginal Family and ... more This paper describes and evaluates the process, impacts and outcomes of an Aboriginal Family and Community Healing (AFCH) Program based in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. The evaluation used participatory action oriented methodology, mixed methods and multiple data sources. The AFCH comprised complex and dynamic activities for Aboriginal men, women and youth built around community engagement, and hosted by the regional
We have shown previously that pre-exposure of neutrophils to TNF significantly enhanced their kil... more We have shown previously that pre-exposure of neutrophils to TNF significantly enhanced their killing of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. We now demonstrate that the ability of TNF to enhance the bactericidal activity is dependent on preincubation time; enhancement was still evident when TNF and bacteria were added simultaneously to neutrophils but if TNF addition was delayed by 5 min, no enhancement was seen. Evidence is presented that suggests that this could be related to a down-regulation of TNF receptors by the bacteria, but in addition, the release of TNF receptor fragments may contribute to the inhibition observed. Scatchard analyses demonstrated a decrease from approximately 3000 TNF receptor (receptor binding) sites per cell to 450 following treatment with S. aureus, but essentially no change in receptor affinity. Using mAb directed against the type A (75 kDa) receptor (utr-1) and the type B (55 kDa) receptor (htr-9), it was found that the expression of both receptors was decreased following treatment with the bacteria. The time course of loss of these receptors showed that the surface expression of both molecules was markedly decreased by 5 min which correlated with the loss in ability of TNF to enhance the bactericidal activity. In contrast to changes seen in the binding of TNF, similarly treated neutrophils showed essentially no change in the binding of radiolabeled tripeptide FMLP and, if anything, an increase in the expression of the CD11b Ag (CR3 receptor). When another phagocytic stimulus was used, opsonized fungi (Torulopsis glabrata), a similar depression of TNF binding was also found, but opsonized sheep erythrocytes had no effect on the TNF binding, suggesting that the effects on the TNF receptor cannot be explained simply on the basis of particle phagocytosis.
Closing the Gaps in Aboriginal Mental Health Care Delivery: Coordinated Aboriginal Mental Health ... more Closing the Gaps in Aboriginal Mental Health Care Delivery: Coordinated Aboriginal Mental Health (and Alcohol/Drug) Care).
Uploads
Papers by Inge Kowanko