This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Noise in a learning environment is unwanted and depends on many factors, which are particularly e... more Noise in a learning environment is unwanted and depends on many factors, which are particularly evident in sports halls because of the noisy nature of sports activities. This paper analyses three school sports halls in Podgorica, Montenegro, in terms of detecting noise and providing guidelines for its elimination. Through three characteristic sports hall typologies, sources and numerical indicators of noise levels, generated during the usage of the sports hall for games and sports, have been detected. The results obtained through measurements give specific values that can be compared with applicable standards, and by using a comparative method, the ranking of noise levels for the three types of sports halls will be made. Through three typical examples, this paper gives specific guidelines for improving the conditions for using sports halls, with the help of positive examples in solving the same or similar problems in the region, and beyond.
Vernacular architecture and its responses to natural factors through architectural patterns are r... more Vernacular architecture and its responses to natural factors through architectural patterns are recognized as expressions of bioclimatic principles and national architectural responses to location. The vernacular architectural heritage of architecture is one of the most important factors in preserving and developing the cultural identity of a nation. Through research on the vernacular architecture of the coastal area of Skadar Lake, our goal is to recognize and potentially valorize the local traditional characteristics of authentic houses as ecological building patterns, which also express the fundamentals of sustainability principles. Although examples of vernacular architecture are disappearing due to contemporary globalization, and a mere imitation of motifs from past periods occurs, the historical specifics of architectural expression remain the inspiration and catalyst for future achievements based on the idea of preserving the local and regional recognizability of architecture...
The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganiz... more The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganize the way we live and reside, additionally highlighting the already existing socio-spatial problematic that Montenegrin society has been experiencing for thirty years. Since residential space is considered to be vital for physical, mental and social wellbeing, this sudden and global paradigm shift presents an opportunity to redefine the current housing concepts towards greater long-term resilience in the context of present, pandemic and future challenges. The results of the survey of housing users in Podgorica confirmed the need to address this issue. The article discusses a possible model of resilient adaptation of residential buildings and neighborhoods in Podgorica, Montenegro. The model addresses the flexibility of the apartment units, existence of indoor and outdoor common areas for social activities within the building and immediate contact with nature, and it is applicable in the ...
The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and ... more The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and influenced by historical events, saw the development of rural settlements that are historically, artistically and culturally worthy of recognition. These stone settlements were acquired completely spontaneously, keeping the same pace as the settling, and transformed to some degree due to contemporary social movement and migration. Up until the middle of the 20th century, structures on the coastline in general were built by applying the same verified methods, which remained unchanged for centuries. Unreinforced stone walls as load-bearing vertical elements, coupled with wooden floor joists attached in a traditional way are typically present in the stone architecture of the Adriatic region and karst areas in general. The construction characteristics of the stone houses built in such a way meet all needs in terms of strength, thermal insulation, and are suitable for the coastal climate of t...
Traditional architecture is one of the most important segments in the preservation and developmen... more Traditional architecture is one of the most important segments in the preservation and development of cultural identity. The Lake Skadar region abounds in examples of vernacular building activity that provide the clearest evidence of the creation of settlements and houses as a result of adaptation to natural environment. The study of vernacular architecture on the shores of Lake Skadar is related to the identification and potential evaluation of its local traditional features, as ecological building forms which express the principle of sustainability. Within the framework of research on vernacular architecture of this area, analysis is undertaken with the aim of defining guidelines for revitalizing traditional settlements in this region. In this respect the emphasis of this work is on recognizing the potential and possible directions in revitalization of cultural heritage of traditional settlements in keeping with the principles of sustainable development.
The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganiz... more The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganize the way we live and reside, additionally highlighting the already existing socio-spatial problematic that Montenegrin society has been experiencing for thirty years. Since residential space is considered to be vital for physical, mental and social wellbeing, this sudden and global paradigm shift presents an opportunity to redefine the current housing concepts towards greater long-term resilience in the context of present, pandemic and future challenges. The results of the survey of housing users in Podgorica confirmed the need to address this issue. The article discusses a possible model of resilient adaptation of residential buildings and neighborhoods in Podgorica, Montenegro. The model addresses the flexibility of the apartment units, existence of indoor and outdoor common areas for social activities within the building and immediate contact with nature, and it is applicable in the ...
Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural her... more Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural heritage value of these buildings and the consciousness of public opinion have led to a need for safeguarding and preservation policies for these architecturally valued buildings and urban aggregates. This paper provides the information on the constructive and structural details of the old buildings dating from the 12th to 19th century in the Bay of Kotor and discusses their seismic and dynamic behaviour, identifying structural fragilities and consequently their vulnerability. One factor that significantly influences the seismic vulnerability is the quality of workmanship, which has, in conjunction with the lack of maintenance of the buildings, increased the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry buildings in general. Masonry constructions represent an important part of Montenegrin Architectural Heritage. The existing heritage masonry buildings in the Bay of Kotor suffered major earthqua...
Since facade represents the "face" of the object, proper treatment of openings and selection of t... more Since facade represents the "face" of the object, proper treatment of openings and selection of the façade envelope should contribute to comfortable working environment. It should be adequately exploited and prioritized in design with respect to artificial lighting. Daylighting as a design principle directly affects the orientation, shape and proportions of the building, interior characteristics and lighting comfort. The daylighting system strategy in buildings can be changed after the construction is completed, but such an adaptation would require significant investments. Therefore, it is very important to perform daylighting analyses in the initial phases of design. In this paper, as a case study the Millennium Office building in Podgorica will be considered. It will be shown that modern, "ready-made" solutions for facades does not appear as a consequence of the study of natural illumination, and that the attractive appearance of the buildings was more in focus than the users comfort. As a consequence, during exploitation of the building it becomes obvious that the daylighting distribution was not taken into account by the design. Namely, since views to the environment and thermal comfort in general were not adequately considered, alternative, mainly expensive adaptations should be undertaken. All of these bioclimatic interventions for revitalization of the existing buildings represent a good approach for obtaining healthy places. Day light should be considered as a "gift of nature", with numerous benefits for users. Sophisticated software tools that enable impact analysis of implementing external static systems for daylighting control were used.
Today, the space and the city represent valid resources for profit accumulation. Capitalism and i... more Today, the space and the city represent valid resources for profit accumulation. Capitalism and its representatives have dominantly impoverished all the complexity of space, bringing it down to the market goods - measured by the market and not utility value. The cities are now experiencing fatal outcome of profit-driven management.
The resource scarcity became evident at the end of the 20th century and it required optimization measures. Alarming climatic and demographic changes, fast economic cycles, and the profit-driven consumer society management require new solutions which would result with resilient cities, capable of surviving disturbing global transformations. Therefore it is necessary that 21st century urban planning reaches fundamental reform.
This paper argues necessity of the improved science of the city, which would consider the urban phenomenon in total, instead of limiting itself to particular, local studies. The city is complex, dynamic, self-adaptive entity. From a thermodynamic perspective, it represents open system, in constant exchange with its environment.
The primary objective of the following paper is to apply the logic of natural sciences and the theory of open systems in particular to the city, in order to try to define general framework for better understanding cities and their metabolism. The paper suggests possible pathways for achieving different, more sustainable, urban planning, which would eventually ensure better future of our cities and society in general.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Noise in a learning environment is unwanted and depends on many factors, which are particularly e... more Noise in a learning environment is unwanted and depends on many factors, which are particularly evident in sports halls because of the noisy nature of sports activities. This paper analyses three school sports halls in Podgorica, Montenegro, in terms of detecting noise and providing guidelines for its elimination. Through three characteristic sports hall typologies, sources and numerical indicators of noise levels, generated during the usage of the sports hall for games and sports, have been detected. The results obtained through measurements give specific values that can be compared with applicable standards, and by using a comparative method, the ranking of noise levels for the three types of sports halls will be made. Through three typical examples, this paper gives specific guidelines for improving the conditions for using sports halls, with the help of positive examples in solving the same or similar problems in the region, and beyond.
Vernacular architecture and its responses to natural factors through architectural patterns are r... more Vernacular architecture and its responses to natural factors through architectural patterns are recognized as expressions of bioclimatic principles and national architectural responses to location. The vernacular architectural heritage of architecture is one of the most important factors in preserving and developing the cultural identity of a nation. Through research on the vernacular architecture of the coastal area of Skadar Lake, our goal is to recognize and potentially valorize the local traditional characteristics of authentic houses as ecological building patterns, which also express the fundamentals of sustainability principles. Although examples of vernacular architecture are disappearing due to contemporary globalization, and a mere imitation of motifs from past periods occurs, the historical specifics of architectural expression remain the inspiration and catalyst for future achievements based on the idea of preserving the local and regional recognizability of architecture...
The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganiz... more The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganize the way we live and reside, additionally highlighting the already existing socio-spatial problematic that Montenegrin society has been experiencing for thirty years. Since residential space is considered to be vital for physical, mental and social wellbeing, this sudden and global paradigm shift presents an opportunity to redefine the current housing concepts towards greater long-term resilience in the context of present, pandemic and future challenges. The results of the survey of housing users in Podgorica confirmed the need to address this issue. The article discusses a possible model of resilient adaptation of residential buildings and neighborhoods in Podgorica, Montenegro. The model addresses the flexibility of the apartment units, existence of indoor and outdoor common areas for social activities within the building and immediate contact with nature, and it is applicable in the ...
The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and ... more The Bay of Kotor, in its exceptional natural conditions, thanks to its geographical location and influenced by historical events, saw the development of rural settlements that are historically, artistically and culturally worthy of recognition. These stone settlements were acquired completely spontaneously, keeping the same pace as the settling, and transformed to some degree due to contemporary social movement and migration. Up until the middle of the 20th century, structures on the coastline in general were built by applying the same verified methods, which remained unchanged for centuries. Unreinforced stone walls as load-bearing vertical elements, coupled with wooden floor joists attached in a traditional way are typically present in the stone architecture of the Adriatic region and karst areas in general. The construction characteristics of the stone houses built in such a way meet all needs in terms of strength, thermal insulation, and are suitable for the coastal climate of t...
Traditional architecture is one of the most important segments in the preservation and developmen... more Traditional architecture is one of the most important segments in the preservation and development of cultural identity. The Lake Skadar region abounds in examples of vernacular building activity that provide the clearest evidence of the creation of settlements and houses as a result of adaptation to natural environment. The study of vernacular architecture on the shores of Lake Skadar is related to the identification and potential evaluation of its local traditional features, as ecological building forms which express the principle of sustainability. Within the framework of research on vernacular architecture of this area, analysis is undertaken with the aim of defining guidelines for revitalizing traditional settlements in this region. In this respect the emphasis of this work is on recognizing the potential and possible directions in revitalization of cultural heritage of traditional settlements in keeping with the principles of sustainable development.
The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganiz... more The COVID-19 crisis and new pandemic-oriented everyday life have emphasized the urge to reorganize the way we live and reside, additionally highlighting the already existing socio-spatial problematic that Montenegrin society has been experiencing for thirty years. Since residential space is considered to be vital for physical, mental and social wellbeing, this sudden and global paradigm shift presents an opportunity to redefine the current housing concepts towards greater long-term resilience in the context of present, pandemic and future challenges. The results of the survey of housing users in Podgorica confirmed the need to address this issue. The article discusses a possible model of resilient adaptation of residential buildings and neighborhoods in Podgorica, Montenegro. The model addresses the flexibility of the apartment units, existence of indoor and outdoor common areas for social activities within the building and immediate contact with nature, and it is applicable in the ...
Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural her... more Old load-bearing masonry buildings exist all around the world. The cultural and architectural heritage value of these buildings and the consciousness of public opinion have led to a need for safeguarding and preservation policies for these architecturally valued buildings and urban aggregates. This paper provides the information on the constructive and structural details of the old buildings dating from the 12th to 19th century in the Bay of Kotor and discusses their seismic and dynamic behaviour, identifying structural fragilities and consequently their vulnerability. One factor that significantly influences the seismic vulnerability is the quality of workmanship, which has, in conjunction with the lack of maintenance of the buildings, increased the seismic vulnerability of heritage masonry buildings in general. Masonry constructions represent an important part of Montenegrin Architectural Heritage. The existing heritage masonry buildings in the Bay of Kotor suffered major earthqua...
Since facade represents the "face" of the object, proper treatment of openings and selection of t... more Since facade represents the "face" of the object, proper treatment of openings and selection of the façade envelope should contribute to comfortable working environment. It should be adequately exploited and prioritized in design with respect to artificial lighting. Daylighting as a design principle directly affects the orientation, shape and proportions of the building, interior characteristics and lighting comfort. The daylighting system strategy in buildings can be changed after the construction is completed, but such an adaptation would require significant investments. Therefore, it is very important to perform daylighting analyses in the initial phases of design. In this paper, as a case study the Millennium Office building in Podgorica will be considered. It will be shown that modern, "ready-made" solutions for facades does not appear as a consequence of the study of natural illumination, and that the attractive appearance of the buildings was more in focus than the users comfort. As a consequence, during exploitation of the building it becomes obvious that the daylighting distribution was not taken into account by the design. Namely, since views to the environment and thermal comfort in general were not adequately considered, alternative, mainly expensive adaptations should be undertaken. All of these bioclimatic interventions for revitalization of the existing buildings represent a good approach for obtaining healthy places. Day light should be considered as a "gift of nature", with numerous benefits for users. Sophisticated software tools that enable impact analysis of implementing external static systems for daylighting control were used.
Today, the space and the city represent valid resources for profit accumulation. Capitalism and i... more Today, the space and the city represent valid resources for profit accumulation. Capitalism and its representatives have dominantly impoverished all the complexity of space, bringing it down to the market goods - measured by the market and not utility value. The cities are now experiencing fatal outcome of profit-driven management.
The resource scarcity became evident at the end of the 20th century and it required optimization measures. Alarming climatic and demographic changes, fast economic cycles, and the profit-driven consumer society management require new solutions which would result with resilient cities, capable of surviving disturbing global transformations. Therefore it is necessary that 21st century urban planning reaches fundamental reform.
This paper argues necessity of the improved science of the city, which would consider the urban phenomenon in total, instead of limiting itself to particular, local studies. The city is complex, dynamic, self-adaptive entity. From a thermodynamic perspective, it represents open system, in constant exchange with its environment.
The primary objective of the following paper is to apply the logic of natural sciences and the theory of open systems in particular to the city, in order to try to define general framework for better understanding cities and their metabolism. The paper suggests possible pathways for achieving different, more sustainable, urban planning, which would eventually ensure better future of our cities and society in general.
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It should be adequately exploited and prioritized in design with respect to artificial lighting. Daylighting as a design principle directly affects the orientation, shape and proportions of the building, interior characteristics and lighting comfort. The daylighting system strategy in buildings can be changed after the construction is completed, but such an adaptation would require significant investments. Therefore, it is very important to perform daylighting analyses in the initial phases of design.
In this paper, as a case study the Millennium Office building in Podgorica will be considered. It will be shown that modern, "ready-made" solutions for facades does not appear as a consequence of the study of natural illumination, and that the attractive appearance of the buildings was more in focus than the users comfort. As a consequence, during exploitation of the building it becomes obvious that the daylighting distribution was not taken into account by the design. Namely, since views to the environment and thermal comfort in general were not adequately considered, alternative, mainly expensive adaptations should be undertaken. All of these bioclimatic interventions for revitalization of the existing buildings represent a good approach for obtaining healthy places. Day light should be considered as a "gift of nature", with numerous benefits for users. Sophisticated software tools that enable impact analysis of implementing external static systems for daylighting control were used.
The resource scarcity became evident at the end of the 20th century and it required optimization measures. Alarming climatic and demographic changes, fast economic cycles, and the profit-driven consumer society management require new solutions which would result with resilient cities, capable of surviving disturbing global transformations. Therefore it is necessary that 21st century urban planning reaches fundamental reform.
This paper argues necessity of the improved science of the city, which would consider the urban phenomenon in total, instead of limiting itself to particular, local studies. The city is complex, dynamic, self-adaptive entity. From a thermodynamic perspective, it represents open system, in constant exchange with its environment.
The primary objective of the following paper is to apply the logic of natural sciences and the theory of open systems in particular to the city, in order to try to define general framework for better understanding cities and their metabolism. The paper suggests possible pathways for achieving different, more sustainable, urban planning, which would eventually ensure better future of our cities and society in general.
It should be adequately exploited and prioritized in design with respect to artificial lighting. Daylighting as a design principle directly affects the orientation, shape and proportions of the building, interior characteristics and lighting comfort. The daylighting system strategy in buildings can be changed after the construction is completed, but such an adaptation would require significant investments. Therefore, it is very important to perform daylighting analyses in the initial phases of design.
In this paper, as a case study the Millennium Office building in Podgorica will be considered. It will be shown that modern, "ready-made" solutions for facades does not appear as a consequence of the study of natural illumination, and that the attractive appearance of the buildings was more in focus than the users comfort. As a consequence, during exploitation of the building it becomes obvious that the daylighting distribution was not taken into account by the design. Namely, since views to the environment and thermal comfort in general were not adequately considered, alternative, mainly expensive adaptations should be undertaken. All of these bioclimatic interventions for revitalization of the existing buildings represent a good approach for obtaining healthy places. Day light should be considered as a "gift of nature", with numerous benefits for users. Sophisticated software tools that enable impact analysis of implementing external static systems for daylighting control were used.
The resource scarcity became evident at the end of the 20th century and it required optimization measures. Alarming climatic and demographic changes, fast economic cycles, and the profit-driven consumer society management require new solutions which would result with resilient cities, capable of surviving disturbing global transformations. Therefore it is necessary that 21st century urban planning reaches fundamental reform.
This paper argues necessity of the improved science of the city, which would consider the urban phenomenon in total, instead of limiting itself to particular, local studies. The city is complex, dynamic, self-adaptive entity. From a thermodynamic perspective, it represents open system, in constant exchange with its environment.
The primary objective of the following paper is to apply the logic of natural sciences and the theory of open systems in particular to the city, in order to try to define general framework for better understanding cities and their metabolism. The paper suggests possible pathways for achieving different, more sustainable, urban planning, which would eventually ensure better future of our cities and society in general.