Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 2019
Indonesia is an archipelago country with a tropical climate. The region of Indonesia is quite lar... more Indonesia is an archipelago country with a tropical climate. The region of Indonesia is quite large and located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and between two oceans (Indian and Pacific), making the territory of Indonesia has a unique climate pattern. One of the climate variables that quite important to be studied in this chapter is evapotranspiration. The Thornthwaite method was used to estimate potential evapotranspiration based on average air temperature. The relationships between evapotranspiration, precipitation, and elevation were then examined. Besides, temperature variations that affect climate patterns between monsoonal and equatorial regions were compared, between the mainland and small islands, and between mountain and coastal area. The impact of global warming was also examined on the climate and potential evapotranspiration of the Indonesian region. Data analysis showed that evapotranspiration correlates weakly with precipitation, and the contrary, the evap...
Analisis air tawar berdasarkan perubahan nilai daya hantar listrik, sebagai bagian dari studi sis... more Analisis air tawar berdasarkan perubahan nilai daya hantar listrik, sebagai bagian dari studi sistem pengelolaan air tawar yang berkelanjutan dengan memperhatikan kondisi kependudukan dan pemakaian air tanah di pulau kecil telah dilakukan dengan Pulau Pari sebagai kasus. Pulau Pari tersusun oleh kelompok batuan karbonat Kuarter dengan luas kurang lebih 0,5 km2, berpenduduk mencapai 710 jiwa pada tahun 2002. Pulau ini juga telah menjadi sumber air bagi kegiatan pariwisata di P. Gudus yang terletak di utara Pulau Pari. Kajian menggunakan metode geostatistik (Kriging) terhadap sejumlah data kimia air tanah (DHL dan ion Cl) yang diperoleh pada tahun 1998 dan 2002. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 1998-2002 telah terjadi perubahan volume air tawar sebesar 17,5 persen. Guna mengatasi kemungkinan terjadinya krisis air bersih di kemudian hari, diperlukan sistem pengelolaan air tawar yang berkelanjutan di pulau ini.
Penurunan sumberdaya air pada suatu DAS dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim dan perubahan tataguna laha... more Penurunan sumberdaya air pada suatu DAS dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim dan perubahan tataguna lahan yang tidak memperhatikan faktor lingkungan. Penurunan ini dapat dilihat antara lain dari perubahan debit musiman air sungai, perubahan pada nilai infiltrasi, dsb. Hal seperti itu dapat disimulasikan dengan menggunakan sebuah model terpadu, sehingga dampak dari perubahan pada kedua faktor tersebut dapat diantisipasi secara dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan mengembangkan sebuah model terpadu yang sebagai alat bantu dalam mengevaluasi dampak perubahan tata guna lahan dan perubahan iklim terhadap debit musiman air sungai. Model terpadu ini mengacu pada INDOCLIM yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya, yaitu sebuah model terpadu berorientasi kebijakan untuk mensimulasikan dampak dari perubahan iklim dan penggunaan lahan terhadap perubahan debit musiman air sungai secara time-series. Pengembangan model ini, selain untuk penyempurnaan komputasi dan tampilan input-output, juga mengarah pada sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat dijalankan melalui perangkat lunak MapInfo. Kelebihan INDOCLIM versi MapInfo ini (atau disingkat dengan nama versi Map) dibandingkan versi awlanya adalah: kemudahan pemakaian; variabel luaran yang lebih banyak (total runoff, baseflow, serta infiltrasi); dan jenis informasi luaran yang lebih variatif dan mudah ditampilkan untuk kemudahan menganalisa berupa grafik, tabular, dan informasi spasial. Model ini juga dikembangkan sebagai alat bantu untuk menentukan daerah-daerah yang dapat diprioritaskan penanganannya dalam rangka perbaikan DAS, serta untuk menguji dampak hidrologis dari suatu kebijakan tata ruang.
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental ... more Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation, and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR's headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America. CIFOR works in over 30 countries worldwide and has links with researchers in 50 international, regional and national organisations. Preface v Acknowledgements vii Summary ix 1. Introduction 2. Adaptation for tropical forests 2.1. Vulnerability of tropical forests to climate change 2.2. Defining forest adaptation 2.3. Implementing forest adaptation 3. Tropical forests for adaptation 3.1. Ecosystem services and human wellbeing 3.2. Tropical forests for the adaptation of society 3.3. Mainstreaming tropical forests into adaptation policies 4. Conclusions Appendix: Understanding adaptation A.1. Climate change scenarios in the tropics A.2. Concepts of vulnerability A.3. What is adaptation? A.4. International policies and funds References Contents iv Boxes 1. Planning for climate change in the Amazon 2. National Policy Learning Group in Nepal 3. Shared learning 4. Future scenarios: learning together how to plan and prepare for the future 5. Vulnerability of carbon storage and the links between adaptation and mitigation 6. Principles and criteria for assessing the vulnerability of coupled human-environment systems 7. Afforestation and reforestation policies and adaptation to climate change in West Africa 8. Mainstreaming forest into adaptation and development policies in The Philippines 9. A policy research framework on actors, decision making and policy networks 10. Hydropower, forests and adaptation in Costa Rica: supporting adaptive decision making processes 4 11. The role of science in coordinating and supporting adaptive processes in West Africa 12. The ATEAM framework for assessing vulnerabilities 13. Vulnerable countries 14. An eight step approach for assessing vulnerabilities 15. The Adaptation Policy Framework 16. Costs and benefits of adaptation 17. UNFCCC adaptation funds Preface The science of climate change has come a long way since the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol (1997). We now recognise that some degree of climate change is inevitable, and even the best case scenario is going to have major impacts on global weather patterns and, consequently, people's lives-especially the poor. Mitigation of climate change is no longer enough. We have to adapt to the impending changes as they arise; or, better still, anticipate those changes by having adaptation strategies in place. Climate change adaptation is one of the four building blocks of the Bali Action Plan. Forests are a vital part of any global effort to address climate change. To date, however, forests have been mostly considered in the context of mitigation through reforestation, afforestation, and more recently, avoided deforestation and forest degradation. Yet with over a billion people dependent (in one way or another) on forests for their livelihood, forests can also play a crucial role in adaptation. Forests provide many millions of people with raw materials in the form of food, fuel and materials for shelter. And they provide ecosystem services-such as water regulation, erosion control and carbon storage-to billions more. We need forests to continue providing these raw materials and ecosystem services into the future, and in the face of climate change. vi In this report, the authors present the case for a dual agenda to enhance the role of forests in adaptation: assisting forests to weather the coming storm of climate change, and managing forests in ways that enable forest-dependent peoples and society in general to cope with the coming changes. They term these approaches 'adaptation for forests' and 'forests for adaptation'. These approaches pose difficult challenges, requiring new policies and institutions inside and outside the forestry sector narrowly defined. But mainstreaming adaptation into forest management strategies, and mainstreaming forests into adaptation strategies, are objectives that cannot wait. Both are needed if forests are to meet their potential for increasing their own and society's resilience to the changes in climate that are already underway.
Produksi gula nasional sebagian besar berasal dari produksi gula di Jawa Timur. Hal ini didasarka... more Produksi gula nasional sebagian besar berasal dari produksi gula di Jawa Timur. Hal ini didasarkan pada data dari Dinas Perkebunan Propinsi Jatim (2007), yang menyebutkan bahwa pesatnya pertumbuhan industri gula di Jawa Timur menempatkan Jatim sebagai ...
Tropical forest ecosystems represent a common heritage with livelihood portfolios shared by a gre... more Tropical forest ecosystems represent a common heritage with livelihood portfolios shared by a great majority of people especially in developing countries but are now threatened by climate change. In spite of their contribution to poverty alleviation and food security, and also for climate change responses (adaptation and mitigation especially through the market-incentive schemes (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol) forests are still hardly integrated into national planning processes aimed at addressing any of these national development challenges. This is evident in some of the national documents of some developing countries such as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) to the World Bank, and the First National Communication to UNFCCC. This paper presents some preliminary outcomes of the Tropical Forests and Climate Change Adaptation (TroFCCA) project of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) whose overall mission is to underscore the importance of tropical forests for livelihood adaptation to climate change and mainstreaming adaptation into national development processes. The paper also highlights TroFCCA's approach in engaging stakeholders from the onset in setting the agenda with the identification and prioritization of forest-based sectors as the entry point in the process of assessing the vulnerability to climate change and developing adaptation strategies for these selected development sectors. This is a highly crucial area with great policy implications. Planning with ecosystem goods and services seems to emerge as a prospective approach to demonstrate to policymakers the potential of forest ecosystems for livelihood adaptation to climate change which also enhances the opportunity for achieving food security and community resilience to poverty. TroFCCA's approach in engaging stakeholders at the onset in defining their perception of ecosystem goods and services by virtue of their importance to household livelihoods and their contribution to national development emphasizes the significance of a place-based context in the valuation of ecosystem goods and services. This 1
Abstract: This chapter develops a framework to explore examples of adaptation op-tions that could... more Abstract: This chapter develops a framework to explore examples of adaptation op-tions that could be used to ensure that the ecosystem services provided by forests are maintained under future climates. The services are divided into broad areas within which managers can ...
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 2019
Indonesia is an archipelago country with a tropical climate. The region of Indonesia is quite lar... more Indonesia is an archipelago country with a tropical climate. The region of Indonesia is quite large and located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and between two oceans (Indian and Pacific), making the territory of Indonesia has a unique climate pattern. One of the climate variables that quite important to be studied in this chapter is evapotranspiration. The Thornthwaite method was used to estimate potential evapotranspiration based on average air temperature. The relationships between evapotranspiration, precipitation, and elevation were then examined. Besides, temperature variations that affect climate patterns between monsoonal and equatorial regions were compared, between the mainland and small islands, and between mountain and coastal area. The impact of global warming was also examined on the climate and potential evapotranspiration of the Indonesian region. Data analysis showed that evapotranspiration correlates weakly with precipitation, and the contrary, the evap...
Analisis air tawar berdasarkan perubahan nilai daya hantar listrik, sebagai bagian dari studi sis... more Analisis air tawar berdasarkan perubahan nilai daya hantar listrik, sebagai bagian dari studi sistem pengelolaan air tawar yang berkelanjutan dengan memperhatikan kondisi kependudukan dan pemakaian air tanah di pulau kecil telah dilakukan dengan Pulau Pari sebagai kasus. Pulau Pari tersusun oleh kelompok batuan karbonat Kuarter dengan luas kurang lebih 0,5 km2, berpenduduk mencapai 710 jiwa pada tahun 2002. Pulau ini juga telah menjadi sumber air bagi kegiatan pariwisata di P. Gudus yang terletak di utara Pulau Pari. Kajian menggunakan metode geostatistik (Kriging) terhadap sejumlah data kimia air tanah (DHL dan ion Cl) yang diperoleh pada tahun 1998 dan 2002. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kurun waktu 1998-2002 telah terjadi perubahan volume air tawar sebesar 17,5 persen. Guna mengatasi kemungkinan terjadinya krisis air bersih di kemudian hari, diperlukan sistem pengelolaan air tawar yang berkelanjutan di pulau ini.
Penurunan sumberdaya air pada suatu DAS dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim dan perubahan tataguna laha... more Penurunan sumberdaya air pada suatu DAS dipengaruhi oleh faktor iklim dan perubahan tataguna lahan yang tidak memperhatikan faktor lingkungan. Penurunan ini dapat dilihat antara lain dari perubahan debit musiman air sungai, perubahan pada nilai infiltrasi, dsb. Hal seperti itu dapat disimulasikan dengan menggunakan sebuah model terpadu, sehingga dampak dari perubahan pada kedua faktor tersebut dapat diantisipasi secara dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan mengembangkan sebuah model terpadu yang sebagai alat bantu dalam mengevaluasi dampak perubahan tata guna lahan dan perubahan iklim terhadap debit musiman air sungai. Model terpadu ini mengacu pada INDOCLIM yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya, yaitu sebuah model terpadu berorientasi kebijakan untuk mensimulasikan dampak dari perubahan iklim dan penggunaan lahan terhadap perubahan debit musiman air sungai secara time-series. Pengembangan model ini, selain untuk penyempurnaan komputasi dan tampilan input-output, juga mengarah pada sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat dijalankan melalui perangkat lunak MapInfo. Kelebihan INDOCLIM versi MapInfo ini (atau disingkat dengan nama versi Map) dibandingkan versi awlanya adalah: kemudahan pemakaian; variabel luaran yang lebih banyak (total runoff, baseflow, serta infiltrasi); dan jenis informasi luaran yang lebih variatif dan mudah ditampilkan untuk kemudahan menganalisa berupa grafik, tabular, dan informasi spasial. Model ini juga dikembangkan sebagai alat bantu untuk menentukan daerah-daerah yang dapat diprioritaskan penanganannya dalam rangka perbaikan DAS, serta untuk menguji dampak hidrologis dari suatu kebijakan tata ruang.
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental ... more Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) CIFOR advances human wellbeing, environmental conservation, and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. CIFOR is one of 15 centres within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CIFOR's headquarters are in Bogor, Indonesia. It also has offices in Asia, Africa and South America. CIFOR works in over 30 countries worldwide and has links with researchers in 50 international, regional and national organisations. Preface v Acknowledgements vii Summary ix 1. Introduction 2. Adaptation for tropical forests 2.1. Vulnerability of tropical forests to climate change 2.2. Defining forest adaptation 2.3. Implementing forest adaptation 3. Tropical forests for adaptation 3.1. Ecosystem services and human wellbeing 3.2. Tropical forests for the adaptation of society 3.3. Mainstreaming tropical forests into adaptation policies 4. Conclusions Appendix: Understanding adaptation A.1. Climate change scenarios in the tropics A.2. Concepts of vulnerability A.3. What is adaptation? A.4. International policies and funds References Contents iv Boxes 1. Planning for climate change in the Amazon 2. National Policy Learning Group in Nepal 3. Shared learning 4. Future scenarios: learning together how to plan and prepare for the future 5. Vulnerability of carbon storage and the links between adaptation and mitigation 6. Principles and criteria for assessing the vulnerability of coupled human-environment systems 7. Afforestation and reforestation policies and adaptation to climate change in West Africa 8. Mainstreaming forest into adaptation and development policies in The Philippines 9. A policy research framework on actors, decision making and policy networks 10. Hydropower, forests and adaptation in Costa Rica: supporting adaptive decision making processes 4 11. The role of science in coordinating and supporting adaptive processes in West Africa 12. The ATEAM framework for assessing vulnerabilities 13. Vulnerable countries 14. An eight step approach for assessing vulnerabilities 15. The Adaptation Policy Framework 16. Costs and benefits of adaptation 17. UNFCCC adaptation funds Preface The science of climate change has come a long way since the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol (1997). We now recognise that some degree of climate change is inevitable, and even the best case scenario is going to have major impacts on global weather patterns and, consequently, people's lives-especially the poor. Mitigation of climate change is no longer enough. We have to adapt to the impending changes as they arise; or, better still, anticipate those changes by having adaptation strategies in place. Climate change adaptation is one of the four building blocks of the Bali Action Plan. Forests are a vital part of any global effort to address climate change. To date, however, forests have been mostly considered in the context of mitigation through reforestation, afforestation, and more recently, avoided deforestation and forest degradation. Yet with over a billion people dependent (in one way or another) on forests for their livelihood, forests can also play a crucial role in adaptation. Forests provide many millions of people with raw materials in the form of food, fuel and materials for shelter. And they provide ecosystem services-such as water regulation, erosion control and carbon storage-to billions more. We need forests to continue providing these raw materials and ecosystem services into the future, and in the face of climate change. vi In this report, the authors present the case for a dual agenda to enhance the role of forests in adaptation: assisting forests to weather the coming storm of climate change, and managing forests in ways that enable forest-dependent peoples and society in general to cope with the coming changes. They term these approaches 'adaptation for forests' and 'forests for adaptation'. These approaches pose difficult challenges, requiring new policies and institutions inside and outside the forestry sector narrowly defined. But mainstreaming adaptation into forest management strategies, and mainstreaming forests into adaptation strategies, are objectives that cannot wait. Both are needed if forests are to meet their potential for increasing their own and society's resilience to the changes in climate that are already underway.
Produksi gula nasional sebagian besar berasal dari produksi gula di Jawa Timur. Hal ini didasarka... more Produksi gula nasional sebagian besar berasal dari produksi gula di Jawa Timur. Hal ini didasarkan pada data dari Dinas Perkebunan Propinsi Jatim (2007), yang menyebutkan bahwa pesatnya pertumbuhan industri gula di Jawa Timur menempatkan Jatim sebagai ...
Tropical forest ecosystems represent a common heritage with livelihood portfolios shared by a gre... more Tropical forest ecosystems represent a common heritage with livelihood portfolios shared by a great majority of people especially in developing countries but are now threatened by climate change. In spite of their contribution to poverty alleviation and food security, and also for climate change responses (adaptation and mitigation especially through the market-incentive schemes (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol) forests are still hardly integrated into national planning processes aimed at addressing any of these national development challenges. This is evident in some of the national documents of some developing countries such as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) to the World Bank, and the First National Communication to UNFCCC. This paper presents some preliminary outcomes of the Tropical Forests and Climate Change Adaptation (TroFCCA) project of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) whose overall mission is to underscore the importance of tropical forests for livelihood adaptation to climate change and mainstreaming adaptation into national development processes. The paper also highlights TroFCCA's approach in engaging stakeholders from the onset in setting the agenda with the identification and prioritization of forest-based sectors as the entry point in the process of assessing the vulnerability to climate change and developing adaptation strategies for these selected development sectors. This is a highly crucial area with great policy implications. Planning with ecosystem goods and services seems to emerge as a prospective approach to demonstrate to policymakers the potential of forest ecosystems for livelihood adaptation to climate change which also enhances the opportunity for achieving food security and community resilience to poverty. TroFCCA's approach in engaging stakeholders at the onset in defining their perception of ecosystem goods and services by virtue of their importance to household livelihoods and their contribution to national development emphasizes the significance of a place-based context in the valuation of ecosystem goods and services. This 1
Abstract: This chapter develops a framework to explore examples of adaptation op-tions that could... more Abstract: This chapter develops a framework to explore examples of adaptation op-tions that could be used to ensure that the ecosystem services provided by forests are maintained under future climates. The services are divided into broad areas within which managers can ...
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