In Malaysia, only 30% of the married women use modern contraceptive methods. Low usage of contrac... more In Malaysia, only 30% of the married women use modern contraceptive methods. Low usage of contraceptive methods, results in high rates of unwanted pregnancies and its consequence which includes; psychological problems physical health and unsafe abortion. The main purpose of this study is to understand the barriers of modern contraceptive practices among women in University Putra Malaysia. This study was carried out through two main research questions: 1.What is the women's perceptions of modern contraceptive methods? 2. Why women do not use modern contraceptive methods? A qualitative research method was used for exploring misconceptions and barriers to contraceptive use among married female staff in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). The data was collected using the non probability, purposive sampling method, from 6 women by face to face interviews, which was also audio-recorded. The records were then transcribed verbatim and analyzed consecutively. This study finding showed there were personal, cultural, and health system barriers to modern contraceptive use. The women have been surrounded by fears, and misconceptions which serve as obstacles to initiation and continuation of contraceptive use. Strong socio-cultural norms and health services barriers including negative response of service providers, and low male family planning activities influence contraceptive use negatively. This study suggests that the promotion of modern contraceptive methods should be considered in women and men educational programs. Further studies should examine health providers' views and quality of family planning services.
Topic code : 514 : Health This cross sectional, school based study was carried out in four distri... more Topic code : 514 : Health This cross sectional, school based study was carried out in four districts in Selangor, Malaysia, using pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. A systematic sampling method was used to select the participating schools. There were 601 from 618 respondents. Response rate was 97.2%. Forty-one students were involved in road traffic accidents as car occupant with prevalence of
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has remained one of the priority global public health challeng... more Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has remained one of the priority global public health challenges. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the attitudes related to HIV/AIDS among students in a public university in Malaysia. The students were selected based on a two-stage probability proportionate to size random sampling method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Out of the 1773 respondents, 57.3 % were female and the mean age was 22.5 years. The results showed that only 19.5 % stated that they will inform their partners or family if diagnosed positive for HIV infection and 43 % were willing to care for an HIV infected person in their own house. The overall mean attitude score was 24.1. Knowledge was significantly associated with the attitude towards HIV/AIDS among students. However, age, educational level, marital status, place of residence was not associated with the attitude towards HIV/AIDS among students.
КАР Related to HIV/AIDS amoni Students in a Local University 29 evaluated by the supervisory comm... more КАР Related to HIV/AIDS amoni Students in a Local University 29 evaluated by the supervisory committee to examine each item for congruence. The standardised Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient ranged from 0.607 to 0.817. A written consent was obtained from all the ...
Introduction Social norms, though an important contributing factor of adolescent smoking in devel... more Introduction Social norms, though an important contributing factor of adolescent smoking in developed countries, has not been extensively studied in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the association between certain perceived norms regarding smoking with smoking status among Malaysian secondary school students in Kota Tinggi, Johor. Methods Data were collected from 2311 respondents consisting of 1379 male and 923 female secondary school students in Kota Tinggi district via a self administered questionnaire. Five perceived norms regarding smoking were assessed, namely: perceived peer smoking prevalence, perceived parental reaction towards adolescent smoking, perceived public perception of adolescent smoking, ever noticed peers smoking inside and outside school and perceived enforcement of anti-smoking policy in school and their association with smoking status. Multiple logistic regressions controlling for gender, peer smoking and family smoking was performed. Resu...
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder defined by a cluster of interconnected fac... more Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder defined by a cluster of interconnected factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. Metabolic syndrome is becoming more common in the world and in Iran as well. Researchers are not sure whether the syndrome is due to one single cause, or all of the syndrome's risk factors are related to obesity. Objective: This research determined an association between metabolic syndrome and BMI in nurses in Ahvaz, Iran. Method: This is a cross-sectional study; the present study was carried out in the industrial oil city of Ahvaz, State of Khuzestan, Iran. For this study, the participants included 417 Iranian male and female nurses, aged between 23 and 65 years, non-pregnant (for women), and with at least 1 year's work experience. In total 450 nurses signed the consent form for participation in the project and agreed to complete the study questionnaires. A blood test was conduct...
Background: Exposure to PCDD/PCDF (dioxin and furan) through consumption of fish and shellfish is... more Background: Exposure to PCDD/PCDF (dioxin and furan) through consumption of fish and shellfish is closely related to the occurrence of skin diseases, such as chloracne and hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to determine the exposure of PCDD/PCDF and its congeners in fish and shellfish obtained from different regions of the Straits of Malacca among the fishing community. Methods: The risk of fish and shellfish consumption and exposure to PCDD/PCDF among fishermen living in coastal areas of the Straits were evaluated based on a cross-sectional study involving face to face interviews, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, and administration of food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Skin examination was done by a dermatologist after the interview session. Determination of 17 congeners of PCDD/ PCDF in 48 composite samples of fish and shellfish was performed based on HRGC/HRMS analysis. Results: The total PCDD/PCDF in the seafood samples ranged from 0.12 to 1.24 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight (4.6-21.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). No significant difference found for the concentrations of PCDD/PCDF between the same types of seafood samples obtained from the three different regions. The concentrations of the most potent congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the seafood samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 pg WHO-TEQ/g FW (1.9 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). A positive moderate correlation was found between the fat contents and concentrations of PCDD/PCDF determined in the seafood samples. The total PCDD/PCDF in all seafood samples were below the 1 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight, with the exception of grey eel-catfish. The respondents had consumed fish and shellfish with the amounts ranging between 2.02 g and 44.06 g per person per day. The total PCDD/PCDF exposures through consumption of fish and shellfish among the respondents were between 0.01 and 0.16 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day. With regard to the two PCDD/PCDF-related skin diseases, no chloracne case was found among the respondents, but 2.2 % of the respondents were diagnosed to have hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Intake of a moderate amount of fish and shellfish from the area is safe and does not pose a risk for skin diseases. An over-consumption of seafood from the potentially polluted area of the Straits should be monitored in future.
AKMM Islam1, H Rahman2, MU Rashid3 Abstract A total of 50 patients (male-28, female-22), In difer... more AKMM Islam1, H Rahman2, MU Rashid3 Abstract A total of 50 patients (male-28, female-22), In diferent stages of chronic renal failure (Mild, CCR 30-50ml/min/1.73m2n=17; Moderate, CCR 10 to 29 ml/ min /1.73 m2, n=15and Severe, CCR < 10 ml / min /1.73 m2, ...
This paper reports on the presence of dual burden households in Orang Asli (OA, indigenous people... more This paper reports on the presence of dual burden households in Orang Asli (OA, indigenous people) communities and its associated factors. A total of 182 OA households in two districts in Selangor with the required criteria (182 non-pregnant women of child bearing age and 284 children aged 2-9 years old) participated in the study. Height and weight of both women and children were measured. Energy intake and food variety score (FVS) were determined using three 24-hour diet recalls. While 58% were underweight and 64% of the children were stunted, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women were 31% and 20% respectively. The percentage of dual burden households (overweight mother/underweight child) was 25.8% while 14.8% households had normal weight mother/normal weight child. The mean food variety score (FVS) was similar for women (7.0+/-2.1) and children (6.9+/-1.9). Dual burden households were associated with women's employment status (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 2.65-5.66), FVS of c...
Background: There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Second... more Background: There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Secondhand Smoke (SHS). The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing schoolchildren's exposures to SHS in Malaysia.
... et al., 2008). A local study that recruited subjects from the same population (UPM sta), fou... more ... et al., 2008). A local study that recruited subjects from the same population (UPM sta), found that the mean steps/day determined by pedometer was 8509.62 for males and 6603.40 for females (Soh et al., 2008). The mean ...
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2014
In Malaysia, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) during past three decades has been steady, with ... more In Malaysia, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) during past three decades has been steady, with only 34% of women practicing modern contraception. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with modern contraceptive practices with a focus on spousal communication and perceived social support among married women working in the university. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-administered structured questionnaire. The association between variables were assessed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression. Overall, 36.8% of women used modern contraceptive methods. Significant association was found between contraceptive practice and ethnicity (P = 0.003), number of pregnancies (P < 0.001), having child (P = 0.003), number of children (P < 0.001), positive history of mistimed pregnancy (P = 0.006), and experience of unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.003). The final model showed Malay women were 92% less likely to use modern co...
The main sexual and reproductive health issues among young people are premarital sexual intercour... more The main sexual and reproductive health issues among young people are premarital sexual intercourse, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health among Malaysian postgraduate students in a public university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among postgraduate students by systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested self administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: Out of 434 respondents, the majority of students were female (78.6 %) and single (78.3 %). The overall mean age of respondents was 27.0 ranging from 20 to 46 years of age. The main sources of information for sexual and reproductive health awareness were the internet (78.6 %) and newspaper (61.8 %). The majority (97.9 %) of the students knew that AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. Most of them believed that the spread of sexually transmitted diseases was through shaking hands (92.1 %). Use of condoms was perceived to be the best way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (88.4 %). Sexual and reproductive health knowledge was significantly associated with the students' age, marital status and faculty. The socio-demographic factors and current educational status accounted for a significant 9 % of the variability in sexual and reproductive health knowledge, f (7, 426) = 11, p <0.001. Conclusions: The postgraduate students' level of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health was not satisfactory. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge was associated with the students' marital status and faculty. Intervention programs related to sexual and reproductive health are recommended.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with typ... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although patients with T2DM and CVD share common risk factors, the link between these diseases remains unclear. This study intends to identify the predicting risk factors of CVD in Malaysian T2DM patients. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study on 313 patients diagnosed with T2DM at selected tertiary hospitals upon prior ethical approvals. Systematic random sampling method was applied in patient selection. Socio-demographic data was assessed using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Diet (by 24-hour dietary recall), physical activity level [via International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)], smoking and alcohol consumption status were ascertained. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed according to standard procedures. Clinical and laboratory characteristics on cardiovascular risk factors (me...
This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity ... more This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 12 to 14 years in the city of Mashhad, Iran and its association with parental body mass index. A total of 1189 secondary school children (579 males and 610 females) aged 12- 14 years old were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. All adolescents were measured for weight and height. Household socio-demographic information and parental weight and height were self-reported by parents. Adolescents were classified as overweight or obese based on BMI-for age Z-score. Multivariable logistic Regression (MLR) determined the relationship between parental BMI and adolescent overweight and obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children in Mashhad was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. BMI of the children was signifi...
In Malaysia, only 30% of the married women use modern contraceptive methods. Low usage of contrac... more In Malaysia, only 30% of the married women use modern contraceptive methods. Low usage of contraceptive methods, results in high rates of unwanted pregnancies and its consequence which includes; psychological problems physical health and unsafe abortion. The main purpose of this study is to understand the barriers of modern contraceptive practices among women in University Putra Malaysia. This study was carried out through two main research questions: 1.What is the women's perceptions of modern contraceptive methods? 2. Why women do not use modern contraceptive methods? A qualitative research method was used for exploring misconceptions and barriers to contraceptive use among married female staff in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). The data was collected using the non probability, purposive sampling method, from 6 women by face to face interviews, which was also audio-recorded. The records were then transcribed verbatim and analyzed consecutively. This study finding showed there were personal, cultural, and health system barriers to modern contraceptive use. The women have been surrounded by fears, and misconceptions which serve as obstacles to initiation and continuation of contraceptive use. Strong socio-cultural norms and health services barriers including negative response of service providers, and low male family planning activities influence contraceptive use negatively. This study suggests that the promotion of modern contraceptive methods should be considered in women and men educational programs. Further studies should examine health providers' views and quality of family planning services.
Topic code : 514 : Health This cross sectional, school based study was carried out in four distri... more Topic code : 514 : Health This cross sectional, school based study was carried out in four districts in Selangor, Malaysia, using pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. A systematic sampling method was used to select the participating schools. There were 601 from 618 respondents. Response rate was 97.2%. Forty-one students were involved in road traffic accidents as car occupant with prevalence of
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has remained one of the priority global public health challeng... more Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has remained one of the priority global public health challenges. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the attitudes related to HIV/AIDS among students in a public university in Malaysia. The students were selected based on a two-stage probability proportionate to size random sampling method. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Out of the 1773 respondents, 57.3 % were female and the mean age was 22.5 years. The results showed that only 19.5 % stated that they will inform their partners or family if diagnosed positive for HIV infection and 43 % were willing to care for an HIV infected person in their own house. The overall mean attitude score was 24.1. Knowledge was significantly associated with the attitude towards HIV/AIDS among students. However, age, educational level, marital status, place of residence was not associated with the attitude towards HIV/AIDS among students.
КАР Related to HIV/AIDS amoni Students in a Local University 29 evaluated by the supervisory comm... more КАР Related to HIV/AIDS amoni Students in a Local University 29 evaluated by the supervisory committee to examine each item for congruence. The standardised Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient ranged from 0.607 to 0.817. A written consent was obtained from all the ...
Introduction Social norms, though an important contributing factor of adolescent smoking in devel... more Introduction Social norms, though an important contributing factor of adolescent smoking in developed countries, has not been extensively studied in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the association between certain perceived norms regarding smoking with smoking status among Malaysian secondary school students in Kota Tinggi, Johor. Methods Data were collected from 2311 respondents consisting of 1379 male and 923 female secondary school students in Kota Tinggi district via a self administered questionnaire. Five perceived norms regarding smoking were assessed, namely: perceived peer smoking prevalence, perceived parental reaction towards adolescent smoking, perceived public perception of adolescent smoking, ever noticed peers smoking inside and outside school and perceived enforcement of anti-smoking policy in school and their association with smoking status. Multiple logistic regressions controlling for gender, peer smoking and family smoking was performed. Resu...
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder defined by a cluster of interconnected fac... more Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder defined by a cluster of interconnected factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. Metabolic syndrome is becoming more common in the world and in Iran as well. Researchers are not sure whether the syndrome is due to one single cause, or all of the syndrome's risk factors are related to obesity. Objective: This research determined an association between metabolic syndrome and BMI in nurses in Ahvaz, Iran. Method: This is a cross-sectional study; the present study was carried out in the industrial oil city of Ahvaz, State of Khuzestan, Iran. For this study, the participants included 417 Iranian male and female nurses, aged between 23 and 65 years, non-pregnant (for women), and with at least 1 year's work experience. In total 450 nurses signed the consent form for participation in the project and agreed to complete the study questionnaires. A blood test was conduct...
Background: Exposure to PCDD/PCDF (dioxin and furan) through consumption of fish and shellfish is... more Background: Exposure to PCDD/PCDF (dioxin and furan) through consumption of fish and shellfish is closely related to the occurrence of skin diseases, such as chloracne and hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to determine the exposure of PCDD/PCDF and its congeners in fish and shellfish obtained from different regions of the Straits of Malacca among the fishing community. Methods: The risk of fish and shellfish consumption and exposure to PCDD/PCDF among fishermen living in coastal areas of the Straits were evaluated based on a cross-sectional study involving face to face interviews, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, and administration of food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Skin examination was done by a dermatologist after the interview session. Determination of 17 congeners of PCDD/ PCDF in 48 composite samples of fish and shellfish was performed based on HRGC/HRMS analysis. Results: The total PCDD/PCDF in the seafood samples ranged from 0.12 to 1.24 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight (4.6-21.8 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). No significant difference found for the concentrations of PCDD/PCDF between the same types of seafood samples obtained from the three different regions. The concentrations of the most potent congener, 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the seafood samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.11 pg WHO-TEQ/g FW (1.9 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). A positive moderate correlation was found between the fat contents and concentrations of PCDD/PCDF determined in the seafood samples. The total PCDD/PCDF in all seafood samples were below the 1 pg WHO-TEQ/g fresh weight, with the exception of grey eel-catfish. The respondents had consumed fish and shellfish with the amounts ranging between 2.02 g and 44.06 g per person per day. The total PCDD/PCDF exposures through consumption of fish and shellfish among the respondents were between 0.01 and 0.16 pg WHO-TEQ/kg BW/day. With regard to the two PCDD/PCDF-related skin diseases, no chloracne case was found among the respondents, but 2.2 % of the respondents were diagnosed to have hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Intake of a moderate amount of fish and shellfish from the area is safe and does not pose a risk for skin diseases. An over-consumption of seafood from the potentially polluted area of the Straits should be monitored in future.
AKMM Islam1, H Rahman2, MU Rashid3 Abstract A total of 50 patients (male-28, female-22), In difer... more AKMM Islam1, H Rahman2, MU Rashid3 Abstract A total of 50 patients (male-28, female-22), In diferent stages of chronic renal failure (Mild, CCR 30-50ml/min/1.73m2n=17; Moderate, CCR 10 to 29 ml/ min /1.73 m2, n=15and Severe, CCR &lt; 10 ml / min /1.73 m2, ...
This paper reports on the presence of dual burden households in Orang Asli (OA, indigenous people... more This paper reports on the presence of dual burden households in Orang Asli (OA, indigenous people) communities and its associated factors. A total of 182 OA households in two districts in Selangor with the required criteria (182 non-pregnant women of child bearing age and 284 children aged 2-9 years old) participated in the study. Height and weight of both women and children were measured. Energy intake and food variety score (FVS) were determined using three 24-hour diet recalls. While 58% were underweight and 64% of the children were stunted, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women were 31% and 20% respectively. The percentage of dual burden households (overweight mother/underweight child) was 25.8% while 14.8% households had normal weight mother/normal weight child. The mean food variety score (FVS) was similar for women (7.0+/-2.1) and children (6.9+/-1.9). Dual burden households were associated with women's employment status (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 2.65-5.66), FVS of c...
Background: There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Second... more Background: There is a lack of data describing the exposure of Malaysian schoolchildren to Secondhand Smoke (SHS). The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing schoolchildren's exposures to SHS in Malaysia.
... et al., 2008). A local study that recruited subjects from the same population (UPM sta), fou... more ... et al., 2008). A local study that recruited subjects from the same population (UPM sta), found that the mean steps/day determined by pedometer was 8509.62 for males and 6603.40 for females (Soh et al., 2008). The mean ...
Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2014
In Malaysia, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) during past three decades has been steady, with ... more In Malaysia, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) during past three decades has been steady, with only 34% of women practicing modern contraception. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with modern contraceptive practices with a focus on spousal communication and perceived social support among married women working in the university. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-administered structured questionnaire. The association between variables were assessed using Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression. Overall, 36.8% of women used modern contraceptive methods. Significant association was found between contraceptive practice and ethnicity (P = 0.003), number of pregnancies (P < 0.001), having child (P = 0.003), number of children (P < 0.001), positive history of mistimed pregnancy (P = 0.006), and experience of unwanted pregnancy (P = 0.003). The final model showed Malay women were 92% less likely to use modern co...
The main sexual and reproductive health issues among young people are premarital sexual intercour... more The main sexual and reproductive health issues among young people are premarital sexual intercourse, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health among Malaysian postgraduate students in a public university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among postgraduate students by systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested self administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: Out of 434 respondents, the majority of students were female (78.6 %) and single (78.3 %). The overall mean age of respondents was 27.0 ranging from 20 to 46 years of age. The main sources of information for sexual and reproductive health awareness were the internet (78.6 %) and newspaper (61.8 %). The majority (97.9 %) of the students knew that AIDS is a sexually transmitted disease. Most of them believed that the spread of sexually transmitted diseases was through shaking hands (92.1 %). Use of condoms was perceived to be the best way to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (88.4 %). Sexual and reproductive health knowledge was significantly associated with the students' age, marital status and faculty. The socio-demographic factors and current educational status accounted for a significant 9 % of the variability in sexual and reproductive health knowledge, f (7, 426) = 11, p <0.001. Conclusions: The postgraduate students' level of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health was not satisfactory. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge was associated with the students' marital status and faculty. Intervention programs related to sexual and reproductive health are recommended.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with typ... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although patients with T2DM and CVD share common risk factors, the link between these diseases remains unclear. This study intends to identify the predicting risk factors of CVD in Malaysian T2DM patients. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study on 313 patients diagnosed with T2DM at selected tertiary hospitals upon prior ethical approvals. Systematic random sampling method was applied in patient selection. Socio-demographic data was assessed using a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Diet (by 24-hour dietary recall), physical activity level [via International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)], smoking and alcohol consumption status were ascertained. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed according to standard procedures. Clinical and laboratory characteristics on cardiovascular risk factors (me...
This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity ... more This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 12 to 14 years in the city of Mashhad, Iran and its association with parental body mass index. A total of 1189 secondary school children (579 males and 610 females) aged 12- 14 years old were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. All adolescents were measured for weight and height. Household socio-demographic information and parental weight and height were self-reported by parents. Adolescents were classified as overweight or obese based on BMI-for age Z-score. Multivariable logistic Regression (MLR) determined the relationship between parental BMI and adolescent overweight and obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children in Mashhad was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. BMI of the children was signifi...
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Papers by Hejar Rahman