Two-thirds of Americans report that they would take two extra weeks of vacation above two extra w... more Two-thirds of Americans report that they would take two extra weeks of vacation above two extra weeks of salary, and half of all business professionals report that their jobs offer no “meaning or significance.” And after working all day at jobs we hate, we buy things we don’t need. In UTOPIA FOR REALISTS, Dutch historian and journalist Rutger Bregman reminds us it needn’t be this way. A manifesto full of intentionality and pragmatism, Bregman’s book centers on three central utopic ideas: a 15-hour workweek, a “universal basic income”, no strings attached, and open borders throughout the globe. Though the claims might seem fanciful at first, UTOPIA FOR REALISTS provides numerous examples of successful experiments with “free money”, such as Mincome in 1970s Canada, and experiments in giving homeless people a financial foundation. The theory among detractors is that free money will make people be lazy and work less. But in fact, employment is necessary for virtually everyone’s happines...
Many discussions of J. S. Mill's concept of liberty focus too narrowly on On Liberty and fail... more Many discussions of J. S. Mill's concept of liberty focus too narrowly on On Liberty and fail to acknowledge that his treatment of related issues elsewhere may modify its leading doctrines. Mill and Paternalism demonstrates how a contextual reading suggests that in Principles of Political Economy, and also his writings on Ireland, India and on domestic issues like land reform, Mill proposed a substantially more interventionist account of the state than On Liberty seems to imply. This helps to explain Mill's sympathies for socialism after 1848, as well as his Malthusianism and feminism, which, in conjunction with Harriet Taylor's views, are central to his later discussions of the family and marriage. Feminism, indeed, is shown to provide the answer to the problem which most agitated Mill, overpopulation. Thus Gregory Claeys sheds new lights on many of Mill's overarching preoccupations, including the theory of liberty at the heart of On Liberty.
"Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth": The First International in a Global Perspective, 2018
The chairmanship of Eugène Dupont can be explained by his longterm involvement in the iwma. After... more The chairmanship of Eugène Dupont can be explained by his longterm involvement in the iwma. After taking part in the Franco-British meeting of workers in 1862, Dupont had been a member of the association and of the General Council since 1864 124 7.2 Call of the federal council of the Parisian branches of the iwma to the workers of Paris for the 26 March 1871 election of the Paris Commune 125 7.3 International democratic association call for a demonstration in
Radicalism and Revolution in Britain, 1775–1848, 2000
Gregory Claeys Mechanics' institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century t... more Gregory Claeys Mechanics' institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century to further technical and adult education in Britain. Beginning in the early 1820s in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds and London, there were about 700 mechanics' institutes and similar associations in Britain by 1850, with a membership of some 120,000. Such figures are misleading, however, for while many of these institutions have not yet been carefully studied, they have often been accounted a failure, since they never taught factory operatives skills directly related to their work, nor even attracted an audience composed primarily of mechanics. The reasons for this are varied, but some historians have detected a relationship between efforts to teach political economy in the institutes and their inability to fulfil their original intentions. For while they did develop teaching on a larger scale than similar organizations in this period, the teaching of political economy in particular remained controversial, and often contested by working-class radicals. These hypotheses have given rise to a debate about the 'social control' versus the 'social mobility' functions of the institutes in early Victorian Britain: were mechanics' institutes intended to enforce an 'orthodox' view of political economy? Did they, in fact, primarily serve as a means of self-improvement for the upper level of the artisanate, clerks and others? This chapter explores these questions by examining one of the few well-documented controversies of this type, that which surrounded the first set of lectures on political economy offered at the London Mechanics' Institute, founded in 1823. Here the political implications of teaching political economy to artisans and operatives (though there were comparatively few of the latter in London) were greatly in evidence when the radical writer and journalist, Thomas Hodgskin, was blocked 157
This article deals with individual decision making under uncertainty (unknown probabilities). Ris... more This article deals with individual decision making under uncertainty (unknown probabilities). Risk (known probabilities) is not treated as a separate case, but as a sub-case of uncertainty. Many results from risk naturally extend to uncertainty. The Allais paradox, commonly applied to risk, also reveals empirical deficiencies of expected utility for uncertainty. The Ellsberg paradox reveals deviations from expected utility in a relative, not an absolute, sense, giving within-person comparisons: for some events (ambiguous or otherwise) subjects deviate more from expected utility than for other events. Besides aversion, many other attitudes towards ambiguity are empirically relevant.
Volume 1 [Ellis James Davis], Pyrna: A Commune or, Under the Ice (1875) In the Future: A Sketch i... more Volume 1 [Ellis James Davis], Pyrna: A Commune or, Under the Ice (1875) In the Future: A Sketch in Ten Chapters (1875) Etymonia (1875) [Henry Crocker Marriott Watson], Erchomenon or, The Republic of Materialism (1879) Volume 2 Henry Wright, Mental Travels in Imagined Lands (1878) A Thousand Years Hence (1882) Volume 3 Joseph Carne-Ross, Quintura: Its Singular People and Remarkable Customs (1886) [Henry Crocker Watson], The Decline and Fall of the British Empire or, The Witch's Cavern (1890) Michael Rustoff (pseud.), What Will Mrs. Grundy Say? Or, A Calamity on Two Legs (1891) [Charles Wicksteed Armstrong], The Yorl of the Northmen, or, The Fate of the English Race (1892) Volume 4 William Herbert (pseud.?), The World Grown Young ([1892]) Frederick W Hayes, The Great Revolution of 1905 or, The Story of the Phalanx (1893) Volume 5 G Read Murphy, Beyond the Ice: Being a Story of the Newly Discovered Region Round the North Pole ([1894]) Volume 6 Andrew Acworth, A New Eden (1896) Z S ...
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book ... more All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. british library cataloguing in publication data Late Victorian utopias: a prospectus 1. Utopias-Fiction 2. English fiction-19th century I. Claeys, Gregory 823.8'09372[F]
Comte met Clotilde in 1844 and fell in love with her. She died shortly afterwards in 1846. Comte ... more Comte met Clotilde in 1844 and fell in love with her. She died shortly afterwards in 1846. Comte emphatically declared that without Clotilde his conception of universal religion, based on "sound philosophy" and inspired by Aristotle and Saint Paul, would not have come to being. 8 The church would be built in Rio de Janeiro by Brazilian members of the Positivist Church. It was on their initiative that in 1902 the Chapel of Humanity, a miniature copy of the temple, would be built in Paris, in the building where Clotilde de Vaux lived. 9 Comte was planning for its future relocation to Istanbul, formerly Constantinople. 10 The temple does not significantly differ from a traditional church, with its nave, aisles, and apse. In any case, positivist masses were to be said in Roman-Catholic churches until society was ready to accept the new worship. 11 Here we can observe a reference to the Catholic tradition and Marian devotions. Comte is thought to have been particularly inspired by Raphael's Madonna, yet it is more likely that the feminine model for the beloved Humanity was Clotilde de Vaux.
PART I. idols o : runusunn BY TUE HOME COLONIZATION SOCIETY, AT Timm OFFICE, 57, PALL MALL, AND S... more PART I. idols o : runusunn BY TUE HOME COLONIZATION SOCIETY, AT Timm OFFICE, 57, PALL MALL, AND SOLI) BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. MDCCCIt Ll I. TO HIS MAJESTY, WILLIAM IV., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, etc. SIRE, CIRCUMSTANCES, not under your controul, have placed you at the head of the most powerful association of men for good or for evil, that has hitherto existed in any part of the globe; and other circumstances are about to arise, also beyond your controul, which will render it necessary for you, Sire, and those whom you may call to your councils, to decide whether this power shall be now directed to produce the good or the evil. The book, the first part of which, with this letter prefixed, I submit to your Majesty, contains truths, of the highest import to you, Sire, to every member of your family; to every subject of the widespread empire over which you preside; to every human being, high or low, now living and to all those who shall live hereafter. It unfolds the fundamental principles of a new moral world, and it thus lays a new foundation on which to reconstruct society and recreate the character of the human race. It opens to the family of man, without a single exception, the means of endless progressive improvement, physical, intellectual, and moral, and of happiness, without the possibility of retrogression or of assignable limit. Society has emanated from fundamental errors of the imagination, and all the institutions and social arrangements of man over the world have been based on these errors. Society is, therefore, through all its ramifications, artificial and corrupt, and, in consequence, ignorance, falsehood, and grave folly, alone govern all the affairs of mankind. Under your reign, Sire, the change from this system, with all its evil consequences, to another founded on self-evident truths, insuring happiness to all, will, in all probability, be achieved; and your name, and the names of those who now govern the nations of the world will be recorded, as prominent PREFACE THE time approaches, when, in the course of nature, the evil spirit of the world, engendered by ignorance and selfishness, will cease to exist, and when another spirit will arise, emanating from facts and experience, which will give a new direction to all the thoughts, feelings, and actions of men, and which will create a new character of wisdom and benevolence for the human race. The present work, the first part of which is now given to the public, has been written to hasten the period of this all-important change, by explaining the cause of human evil, the means of removing it, and by unfolding a new moral world, in which evil, except as it will be recorded in the past sufferings of mankind, will be unknown; a new moral world, in which truth alone will govern all the affairs of men, and in which knowledge, unchecked by supersti tion or prejudice, will make an everlasting progress;-a world in which justice, for the first time, will be done to human nature, by every feeling, faculty, and power, inherent in each child, being cultivated to its full extent; and culti vated, too, by the concentrated intelligence and goodness of the age. By these measures all the external circumstances, under the controul of man, will be re arranged, and so wisely combined, that they will give full efficiency and excellence to every thought, feeling, and action of the human race. Thus, by the superior arrangements which, through experience, man will be enabled to make, all will attain the best dispositions, habits, and manners, and the most valuable knowledge that each can be trained from infancy to receive. In this simple, straightforward, and rational manner; in peace, and by universal consent, through conviction of its incalculable advantages to each individual, will the great change be effected, from evil to good, from misery to happiness. To explain the principles and practices which will work out, and which must be consequent upon this change, and to make their vast superiority over the existing imaginary notions, and consequent practices of all the nations of the earth, apparent and familiar to man, is the object to be now accomplished. The perusal, however, of this work, will be unavailing to those who are incapable of viewing the subject as comprehending an entirely new system to reform man, and to reconstitute society. For a more limited conception of
Mechanics’ institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century to further techn... more Mechanics’ institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century to further technical and adult education in Britain. Beginning in the early 1820s in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds and London, there were about 700 mechanics’ institutes and similar associations in Britain by 1850, with a membership of some 120,000. Such figures are misleading, however, for while many of these institutions have not yet been carefully studied, they have often been accounted a failure, since they never taught factory operatives skills directly related to their work, nor even attracted an audience composed primarily of mechanics. The reasons for this are varied, but some historians have detected a relationship between efforts to teach political economy in the institutes and their inability to fulfil their original intentions. For while they did develop teaching on a larger scale than similar organizations in this period, the teaching of political economy in particular remained controversial, a...
Two-thirds of Americans report that they would take two extra weeks of vacation above two extra w... more Two-thirds of Americans report that they would take two extra weeks of vacation above two extra weeks of salary, and half of all business professionals report that their jobs offer no “meaning or significance.” And after working all day at jobs we hate, we buy things we don’t need. In UTOPIA FOR REALISTS, Dutch historian and journalist Rutger Bregman reminds us it needn’t be this way. A manifesto full of intentionality and pragmatism, Bregman’s book centers on three central utopic ideas: a 15-hour workweek, a “universal basic income”, no strings attached, and open borders throughout the globe. Though the claims might seem fanciful at first, UTOPIA FOR REALISTS provides numerous examples of successful experiments with “free money”, such as Mincome in 1970s Canada, and experiments in giving homeless people a financial foundation. The theory among detractors is that free money will make people be lazy and work less. But in fact, employment is necessary for virtually everyone’s happines...
Many discussions of J. S. Mill's concept of liberty focus too narrowly on On Liberty and fail... more Many discussions of J. S. Mill's concept of liberty focus too narrowly on On Liberty and fail to acknowledge that his treatment of related issues elsewhere may modify its leading doctrines. Mill and Paternalism demonstrates how a contextual reading suggests that in Principles of Political Economy, and also his writings on Ireland, India and on domestic issues like land reform, Mill proposed a substantially more interventionist account of the state than On Liberty seems to imply. This helps to explain Mill's sympathies for socialism after 1848, as well as his Malthusianism and feminism, which, in conjunction with Harriet Taylor's views, are central to his later discussions of the family and marriage. Feminism, indeed, is shown to provide the answer to the problem which most agitated Mill, overpopulation. Thus Gregory Claeys sheds new lights on many of Mill's overarching preoccupations, including the theory of liberty at the heart of On Liberty.
"Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth": The First International in a Global Perspective, 2018
The chairmanship of Eugène Dupont can be explained by his longterm involvement in the iwma. After... more The chairmanship of Eugène Dupont can be explained by his longterm involvement in the iwma. After taking part in the Franco-British meeting of workers in 1862, Dupont had been a member of the association and of the General Council since 1864 124 7.2 Call of the federal council of the Parisian branches of the iwma to the workers of Paris for the 26 March 1871 election of the Paris Commune 125 7.3 International democratic association call for a demonstration in
Radicalism and Revolution in Britain, 1775–1848, 2000
Gregory Claeys Mechanics' institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century t... more Gregory Claeys Mechanics' institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century to further technical and adult education in Britain. Beginning in the early 1820s in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds and London, there were about 700 mechanics' institutes and similar associations in Britain by 1850, with a membership of some 120,000. Such figures are misleading, however, for while many of these institutions have not yet been carefully studied, they have often been accounted a failure, since they never taught factory operatives skills directly related to their work, nor even attracted an audience composed primarily of mechanics. The reasons for this are varied, but some historians have detected a relationship between efforts to teach political economy in the institutes and their inability to fulfil their original intentions. For while they did develop teaching on a larger scale than similar organizations in this period, the teaching of political economy in particular remained controversial, and often contested by working-class radicals. These hypotheses have given rise to a debate about the 'social control' versus the 'social mobility' functions of the institutes in early Victorian Britain: were mechanics' institutes intended to enforce an 'orthodox' view of political economy? Did they, in fact, primarily serve as a means of self-improvement for the upper level of the artisanate, clerks and others? This chapter explores these questions by examining one of the few well-documented controversies of this type, that which surrounded the first set of lectures on political economy offered at the London Mechanics' Institute, founded in 1823. Here the political implications of teaching political economy to artisans and operatives (though there were comparatively few of the latter in London) were greatly in evidence when the radical writer and journalist, Thomas Hodgskin, was blocked 157
This article deals with individual decision making under uncertainty (unknown probabilities). Ris... more This article deals with individual decision making under uncertainty (unknown probabilities). Risk (known probabilities) is not treated as a separate case, but as a sub-case of uncertainty. Many results from risk naturally extend to uncertainty. The Allais paradox, commonly applied to risk, also reveals empirical deficiencies of expected utility for uncertainty. The Ellsberg paradox reveals deviations from expected utility in a relative, not an absolute, sense, giving within-person comparisons: for some events (ambiguous or otherwise) subjects deviate more from expected utility than for other events. Besides aversion, many other attitudes towards ambiguity are empirically relevant.
Volume 1 [Ellis James Davis], Pyrna: A Commune or, Under the Ice (1875) In the Future: A Sketch i... more Volume 1 [Ellis James Davis], Pyrna: A Commune or, Under the Ice (1875) In the Future: A Sketch in Ten Chapters (1875) Etymonia (1875) [Henry Crocker Marriott Watson], Erchomenon or, The Republic of Materialism (1879) Volume 2 Henry Wright, Mental Travels in Imagined Lands (1878) A Thousand Years Hence (1882) Volume 3 Joseph Carne-Ross, Quintura: Its Singular People and Remarkable Customs (1886) [Henry Crocker Watson], The Decline and Fall of the British Empire or, The Witch's Cavern (1890) Michael Rustoff (pseud.), What Will Mrs. Grundy Say? Or, A Calamity on Two Legs (1891) [Charles Wicksteed Armstrong], The Yorl of the Northmen, or, The Fate of the English Race (1892) Volume 4 William Herbert (pseud.?), The World Grown Young ([1892]) Frederick W Hayes, The Great Revolution of 1905 or, The Story of the Phalanx (1893) Volume 5 G Read Murphy, Beyond the Ice: Being a Story of the Newly Discovered Region Round the North Pole ([1894]) Volume 6 Andrew Acworth, A New Eden (1896) Z S ...
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book ... more All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. british library cataloguing in publication data Late Victorian utopias: a prospectus 1. Utopias-Fiction 2. English fiction-19th century I. Claeys, Gregory 823.8'09372[F]
Comte met Clotilde in 1844 and fell in love with her. She died shortly afterwards in 1846. Comte ... more Comte met Clotilde in 1844 and fell in love with her. She died shortly afterwards in 1846. Comte emphatically declared that without Clotilde his conception of universal religion, based on "sound philosophy" and inspired by Aristotle and Saint Paul, would not have come to being. 8 The church would be built in Rio de Janeiro by Brazilian members of the Positivist Church. It was on their initiative that in 1902 the Chapel of Humanity, a miniature copy of the temple, would be built in Paris, in the building where Clotilde de Vaux lived. 9 Comte was planning for its future relocation to Istanbul, formerly Constantinople. 10 The temple does not significantly differ from a traditional church, with its nave, aisles, and apse. In any case, positivist masses were to be said in Roman-Catholic churches until society was ready to accept the new worship. 11 Here we can observe a reference to the Catholic tradition and Marian devotions. Comte is thought to have been particularly inspired by Raphael's Madonna, yet it is more likely that the feminine model for the beloved Humanity was Clotilde de Vaux.
PART I. idols o : runusunn BY TUE HOME COLONIZATION SOCIETY, AT Timm OFFICE, 57, PALL MALL, AND S... more PART I. idols o : runusunn BY TUE HOME COLONIZATION SOCIETY, AT Timm OFFICE, 57, PALL MALL, AND SOLI) BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. MDCCCIt Ll I. TO HIS MAJESTY, WILLIAM IV., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, etc. SIRE, CIRCUMSTANCES, not under your controul, have placed you at the head of the most powerful association of men for good or for evil, that has hitherto existed in any part of the globe; and other circumstances are about to arise, also beyond your controul, which will render it necessary for you, Sire, and those whom you may call to your councils, to decide whether this power shall be now directed to produce the good or the evil. The book, the first part of which, with this letter prefixed, I submit to your Majesty, contains truths, of the highest import to you, Sire, to every member of your family; to every subject of the widespread empire over which you preside; to every human being, high or low, now living and to all those who shall live hereafter. It unfolds the fundamental principles of a new moral world, and it thus lays a new foundation on which to reconstruct society and recreate the character of the human race. It opens to the family of man, without a single exception, the means of endless progressive improvement, physical, intellectual, and moral, and of happiness, without the possibility of retrogression or of assignable limit. Society has emanated from fundamental errors of the imagination, and all the institutions and social arrangements of man over the world have been based on these errors. Society is, therefore, through all its ramifications, artificial and corrupt, and, in consequence, ignorance, falsehood, and grave folly, alone govern all the affairs of mankind. Under your reign, Sire, the change from this system, with all its evil consequences, to another founded on self-evident truths, insuring happiness to all, will, in all probability, be achieved; and your name, and the names of those who now govern the nations of the world will be recorded, as prominent PREFACE THE time approaches, when, in the course of nature, the evil spirit of the world, engendered by ignorance and selfishness, will cease to exist, and when another spirit will arise, emanating from facts and experience, which will give a new direction to all the thoughts, feelings, and actions of men, and which will create a new character of wisdom and benevolence for the human race. The present work, the first part of which is now given to the public, has been written to hasten the period of this all-important change, by explaining the cause of human evil, the means of removing it, and by unfolding a new moral world, in which evil, except as it will be recorded in the past sufferings of mankind, will be unknown; a new moral world, in which truth alone will govern all the affairs of men, and in which knowledge, unchecked by supersti tion or prejudice, will make an everlasting progress;-a world in which justice, for the first time, will be done to human nature, by every feeling, faculty, and power, inherent in each child, being cultivated to its full extent; and culti vated, too, by the concentrated intelligence and goodness of the age. By these measures all the external circumstances, under the controul of man, will be re arranged, and so wisely combined, that they will give full efficiency and excellence to every thought, feeling, and action of the human race. Thus, by the superior arrangements which, through experience, man will be enabled to make, all will attain the best dispositions, habits, and manners, and the most valuable knowledge that each can be trained from infancy to receive. In this simple, straightforward, and rational manner; in peace, and by universal consent, through conviction of its incalculable advantages to each individual, will the great change be effected, from evil to good, from misery to happiness. To explain the principles and practices which will work out, and which must be consequent upon this change, and to make their vast superiority over the existing imaginary notions, and consequent practices of all the nations of the earth, apparent and familiar to man, is the object to be now accomplished. The perusal, however, of this work, will be unavailing to those who are incapable of viewing the subject as comprehending an entirely new system to reform man, and to reconstitute society. For a more limited conception of
Mechanics’ institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century to further techn... more Mechanics’ institutes were developed in the first half of the nineteenth century to further technical and adult education in Britain. Beginning in the early 1820s in Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds and London, there were about 700 mechanics’ institutes and similar associations in Britain by 1850, with a membership of some 120,000. Such figures are misleading, however, for while many of these institutions have not yet been carefully studied, they have often been accounted a failure, since they never taught factory operatives skills directly related to their work, nor even attracted an audience composed primarily of mechanics. The reasons for this are varied, but some historians have detected a relationship between efforts to teach political economy in the institutes and their inability to fulfil their original intentions. For while they did develop teaching on a larger scale than similar organizations in this period, the teaching of political economy in particular remained controversial, a...
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