Papers by Brenna Greenfield
Hallgren, K. A., Greenfield, B. L., Ladd, B., Glynn, L. H., & McCrady, B. S. (2012). Alcohol use disorders. In P. Sturmey and M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 133-166). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1002/9781118156391.ebcp002007
Psychological Services, 2015
Spirituality is central to many Native Americans (NAs) and has been associated with recovery from... more Spirituality is central to many Native Americans (NAs) and has been associated with recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs). However, no published questionnaire uniquely taps tribal-specific spiritual beliefs and practices. This hinders efforts to integrate traditional NA spirituality into SUD treatment and track spiritual outcomes. As part of a randomized controlled trial examining SUD treatment for NAs, we adapted the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES) in collaboration with members of a Southwest tribe to create the Native American Spirituality Scale (NASS) and measured changes in the NASS over the course of treatment. The 83 participants (70% male) were from a single Southwest tribe and seeking SUD treatment. They completed the NASS at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months. Exploratory factor analysis of the NASS was conducted and its temporal invariance, construct validity, and longitudinal changes in the factor and item scores were examined. The NASS yielded a 2-factor structure that was largely invariant across time. Factor 1 reflected behavioral practices, while Factor 2 reflected more global beliefs. Both factors significantly increased across 12 months, albeit at different assessment points. At baseline, Factor 1 was negatively related to substance use and positively associated with measures of tribal identification while Factor 2 was unrelated to these measures. Given the importance of tribal spirituality to many NAs, the development of this psychometrically sound measure is a key precursor and complement to the incorporation of tribal spirituality into treatment, as well as research on mechanisms of change for SUD treatment among NAs and assessment of NA spirituality in relation to other aspects of health.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2014
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2014
Addiction science & clinical practice, 2014
New Mexico has consistently high rates of drug-induced deaths, and opioid-related treatment admis... more New Mexico has consistently high rates of drug-induced deaths, and opioid-related treatment admissions have been increasing over the last two decades. Youth in New Mexico are at particular risk: they report higher rates of nonmedical prescription opioid use than those over age 25, are more likely than their national counterparts to have tried heroin, and represent an increasing proportion of heroin overdoses. Commissioned by the City of Albuquerque, semistructured interviews were conducted from April to June of 2011 with 24 substance use treatment agencies and eight key stakeholders in Albuquerque to identify recent changes in the treatment-seeking population and gaps in treatment availability. Themes were derived using template analysis and data were analyzed using NVivo 9 software. Respondents reported a noticeable increase in youth seeking treatment for opioid use and a general increase in nonmedical prescription opioid use. Most noted difficulties with finding buprenorphine prov...
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2013
Working the 12 steps is widely prescribed for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members although the rela... more Working the 12 steps is widely prescribed for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members although the relative merits of different methods for measuring step work have received minimal attention and even less is known about how step work predicts later substance use. The current study (1) compared endorsements of step work on an face-valid or direct measure, the Alcoholics Anonymous Inventory (AAI), with an indirect measure of step work, the General Alcoholics Anonymous Tools of Recovery (GAATOR); (2) evaluated the underlying factor structure of the GAATOR and changes in step work over time;
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2013
Alcohol use in college students is associated with a number of negative consequences, and specifi... more Alcohol use in college students is associated with a number of negative consequences, and specific characteristics of college students' social networks have been linked to hazardous or harmful alcohol use. College represents a time when social networks are changing significantly, both in terms of composition and relative influence of network members. However, the reliability and validity of one of the most common measures for assessing alcohol-specific social support, the Important People Instrument (IPI; P. R. Clifford & R. Longabaugh, 1991), have not been established in college student samples. The aim of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IPI administered in computerized and paper-and-pencil formats within a non-treatment-seeking sample of college drinkers (N ϭ 197). Test-retest reliability estimates for the overall sample indicated that all indices had acceptable reliability. While the models tested within a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework exhibited mediocre fit, a three-factor model appeared to offer the best fit overall. Consistent with previous findings with treatment-seeking samples, negative consequences of drinking were positively associated with network drinking behavior, but not network support for drinking or network general support. The IPI can provide reliable and valid information about network drinking behavior, network support for drinking, and general support among college students, although there is room for improvement in the measure. Future research may improve the measurement of alcohol-specific social support by measuring additional domains of the construct or by taking more contextualized approaches.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2012
A large proportion of emerging adults treated for substance use disorder (SUD) present with sympt... more A large proportion of emerging adults treated for substance use disorder (SUD) present with symptoms of negative affect and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known regarding how these comorbidities influence important mechanisms of treatment response, such as increases in abstinence self-efficacy (ASE). This study tested the degree to which MDD and/or depressive symptoms interacted with during-treatment changes in ASE and examined these variables' relation to outcome at 3-months post-treatment. Participants (N = 302; 74% male) completed measures at intake, mid-treatment, end-of-treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. ASE was measured with the Alcohol and Drug Use Self-Efficacy (ADUSE) scale; depressive symptoms were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI 18) Depression scale; and current MDD diagnoses were deduced from the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. Random coefficient regression analyses focused on during-treatment changes in ASE, with BSI 18 scores and MDD diagnosis included as moderators. At intake, individuals with MDD or high levels of depressive symptoms had significantly lower ASE, particularly in negative affect situations. No evidence for moderation was found: ASE significantly increased during treatment regardless of MDD status. There was a main effect of BSI 18 Depression scores: those with lower BSI 18 scores had lower ASE scores at each time point. MDD and BSI 18 Depression did not
Addictive Behaviors, 2013
Results from a trial of relapse prevention (RP) and mindfulness-based RP (MBRP) • MBRP was more e... more Results from a trial of relapse prevention (RP) and mindfulness-based RP (MBRP) • MBRP was more efficacious than RP for racial or ethnic minority female clients. • At follow-up, minorities in MBRP had no drug use days and lower addiction severity. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Ethnicity Race Minority Substance use disorders Addiction Mindfulness-based relapse prevention
Addictive Behaviors, 2015
Alcohol use among First Nation members is a problem.
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Papers by Brenna Greenfield