Papers by Gerard Martinus
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009
MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) is a family of dynamic bottom-up energy system models developed and su... more MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) is a family of dynamic bottom-up energy system models developed and supported by the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP), one of the Implementing Agreements of the International Energy Agency (ETSAP, 2006). While originally MARKAL models were of the linear programming (LP) type which is still mostly the case-the frmnework today has been extended in principle also to include more refined modelling tools that allow for example for solving more COlnplex prograrmnes such as mixed integer problems (see, for example, Seebregts et al., 2001). MARKAL models are applied in a broad variety of settings, benefit from technical support by a large international research connnunity, and are today implemented in more than 40 countries. This chapter gives an overview of the main features of MARKAL, in particular including concise descriptions of the objective faanction of the programme (Section 9.1), the simulation of technological change (Section 9.2), the representation of cluster learning (Section 9.3), the modelling of elastic energy demand (Section 9.4), and specific characteristics relevant for the European context (Section 9.5).
The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegra... more The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegrated Technology Systems' is partially funded by the EU under the Scientific Support to Policies priority of the Sixth RTD Framework Programme. More information on the project can be found on www.e3mlab.ntua.gr/cascade.html.
The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegra... more The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegrated Technology Systems' is partially funded by the EU under the Scientific Support to Policies priority of the Sixth RTD Framework Programme. Registered at ECN: 77596. More information on the project can be found on www.e3mlab.ntua.gr/cascade.html.
The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegra... more The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegrated Technology Systems' is partially funded by the EU under the Scientific Support to Policies priority of the Sixth RTD Framework Programme. The project is registered at ECN under nr. 77596. More information on the project can be found on www.e3mlab.ntua.gr/ cascade.html.
The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegra... more The CASCADE MINTS project on 'CAse Study Comparisons And Development of Energy Models for INtegrated Technology Systems' is partially funded by the EU under the Scientific Support to Policies priority of the Sixth RTD Framework Programme. More information on the project can be found on www.e3mlab.ntua.gr/cascade.html.
EnTranCe to the second life of gas and as source of innovation and human resources. The living la... more EnTranCe to the second life of gas and as source of innovation and human resources. The living lab EnTranCe provides a platform for open innovations. Stakeholders from large industry, SME’s, government and the research community team up to work on the future of the European energy system, with gas in a pivotal role. An important element of the innovation strength of EnTranCe is that it also serves a number of MSc programmes. This brings you students in contact with relevant research and gives hands-on experience in solving the intricate problems that come with stronger interconnected and changing energy markets. is explained. Thus, the innovative projects taking shape at EnTranCe have a dual role in forming the students while at the same time leading to innovative applications of natural gas. In all, the developments at EnTranCe strongly support the case of natural gas as the bridging fuel in the European Energy Transition.
The living lab EnTranCe provides a platform for open innovations. Stakeholders from large industr... more The living lab EnTranCe provides a platform for open innovations. Stakeholders from large industry, SME’s, government and the research community team up to work on the future of the European energy system, with gas in a pivotal role. An important element of the innovation strength of EnTranCe is that it also serves a number of MSc programmes. This brings you students in contact with relevant research and gives hands-on experience in solving the intricate problems that come with stronger interconnected and changing energy markets. is explained. Thus, the innovative projects taking shape at EnTranCe have a dual role in forming the students while at the same time leading to innovative applications of natural gas. In all, the developments at EnTranCe strongly support the case of natural gas as the bridging fuel in the European Energy Transition.
Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Modelling Sustainable Development
MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) is a family of dynamic bottom-up energy system models developed and su... more MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) is a family of dynamic bottom-up energy system models developed and supported by the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP), one of the Implementing Agreements of the International Energy Agency (ETSAP, 2006). While originally MARKAL models were of the linear programming (LP) type which is still mostly the case-the frmnework today has been extended in principle also to include more refined modelling tools that allow for example for solving more COlnplex prograrmnes such as mixed integer problems (see, for example, Seebregts et al., 2001). MARKAL models are applied in a broad variety of settings, benefit from technical support by a large international research connnunity, and are today implemented in more than 40 countries. This chapter gives an overview of the main features of MARKAL, in particular including concise descriptions of the objective faanction of the programme (Section 9.1), the simulation of technological change (Section 9.2), the representation of cluster learning (Section 9.3), the modelling of elastic energy demand (Section 9.4), and specific characteristics relevant for the European context (Section 9.5).
International Journal of Energy Research, 2019
Power-to-gas technologies are considered to be part of the future energy sys- tem, but their viab... more Power-to-gas technologies are considered to be part of the future energy sys- tem, but their viability and applicability need to be assessed. Therefore, models for the viability of farm-scale bio-power-to-methane supply chains to produce green gas were analysed in terms of levelised cost of energy, energy efficiency and saving of greenhouse gas emission. In bio-power-to-methane, hydrogen from electrolysis driven by surplus renewable electricity and carbon dioxide from biogas are converted to methane by microbes in an ex situ trickle-bed reactor. Such bio-methanation could replace the current upgrading of biogas to green gas with membrane technology. Four scenarios were compared: a refer- ence scenario without bio-methanation (A), bio-methanation (B), bio-methanation combined with membrane upgrading (C) and the latter with use of renewable energy only (all-green; D). The reference scenario (A) has the lowest costs for green gas production, but the bio-methanation scenarios (B-D) have higher energy efficiencies and environmental benefits. The higher costs of the bio-methanation scenarios are largely due to electrolysis, whereas the environmental benefits are due to the use of renewable electricity. Only the all- green scenario (D) meets the 2026 EU goal of 80% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but it would require a CO2 price of 200 € t−1 to achieve the levelised cost of energy of 65 €ct Nm−3 of the reference scenario. Inclusion of the intermittency of renewable energy in the scenarios substantially increases the costs. Further greening of the bio-methanation supply chain and how intermittency is best taken into account need further investigation.
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Papers by Gerard Martinus