When grain is harvested in Kentucky at moisture contents exceeding 13 to 14 percent, it must be d... more When grain is harvested in Kentucky at moisture contents exceeding 13 to 14 percent, it must be dried to insure long-term safe storage. The drier the stored grain, the longer it will retain its quality. The time required to dry corn or milo depends on several factors, including: air flow rate, drying air temperature and the quantity of moisture to be removed. Tentative investigations have indicated that if corn is above 18 percent moisture and 55°F for 24 to 48 hours, aflatoxin may develop, so this should also be considered when evaluating the performance of a grain dryer. You may estimate how your grain dcying system is performing by completing the following form and returning it to:
A computer program has been developed which can provide homeowners with an evaluation of the econ... more A computer program has been developed which can provide homeowners with an evaluation of the economics of adding insulation to the ceiling, walls and floors of their homes along with the addition of storm windows and doors. This evaluation is done from data collected on a simplified input form. The basic calculation procedure used in the program is discussed in detail including the assumptions made. The program input form and typical output are also presented.
Energy is used in swine facilities for operation of fans, lighting, feed handling, creep heaters,... more Energy is used in swine facilities for operation of fans, lighting, feed handling, creep heaters, water heaters and supplemental space heaters. This fact sheet will consider ways to save energy used for operation of the ventilation system including supplemental space heaters. Before considering ways to save energy, however, remember that most ventilation systems were designed to use energy to reduce the management required. In most cases, reducing energy use will increase the level of management required. Energy inputs used in swine production facilities are normally less than 5% of the total cost of farrow to finish production. Some methods of saving energy may increase other production costs, such as feed requirements, enough to offset any monetary savings. Even though energy expenses are a small percentage of the total production cost, there are ways to reduce energy use without adversely affecting feed use or animal performance. However, the primary objective of a ventilation sy...
Temperature and humidity 9 Atmospheric ammonia 12 Other factors 14 Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrat... more Temperature and humidity 9 Atmospheric ammonia 12 Other factors 14 Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrations in Poultry Housing 17 Poultry Manure-Management Systems 22 Dry manure-management systems 22 Liquid manure-management systems 28 Ammonia Desorption from Liquid Manure 32 Economics of Manure-Management Systems 47 EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION 50 Description of Unit D 50 Normal Operating Procedure 65 METHODS OF ANALYSIS 66
This field study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooler for mo... more This field study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooler for modifying the environment in a gestation house in Kentucky and to compare the measured results with the calculated performance of evaporative cooling systems. The building used in the study was a 68-crate gestation house, as described in Figure 1. The building was oriented east-west and was well insulated. There were no windows in the facility. It was fully occupied, throughout the study, with sows with an average weight of 350 lbs. A negative pressure system was used to ventilate the building with a 36" single-speed exhaust fan located in the east end wall (Figure 1). A 4' x 12' evaporative pad was located in the west end wall adjacent to the air intake. Shutters were mounted on the outside of the building to provide shade for the pads and to protect them during inclement weather.
A field study determined the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooling system in a swine gestat... more A field study determined the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooling system in a swine gestation house. Theoretical procedures predicted the performance of the cooling system and the building performance. Predicted values were compared with observed temperature modifications of the ventilation air.
Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling ... more Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling for reducing swine stress. Stress was defined as a relationship between dry and wet bulb temperatures which exceeded a stress index of 85. This analysis indicates that properly installed evaporative coolers could reduce the number of hours that stress would occur in swine facilities from 89.6 to 96.4% depending on location.
Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling ... more Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling for reducing swine stress. Stress was defined as a relationship between dry and wet bulb temperatures which exceeded a stress index of 85. This analysis indicates that properly installed evaporative coolers could reduce the number of hours that stress would occur in swine facilities from 89.6 to 96.4% depending on location.
When grain is harvested in Kentucky at moisture contents exceeding 13 to 14 percent, it must be d... more When grain is harvested in Kentucky at moisture contents exceeding 13 to 14 percent, it must be dried to insure long-term safe storage. The drier the stored grain, the longer it will retain its quality. The time required to dry corn or milo depends on several factors, including: air flow rate, drying air temperature and the quantity of moisture to be removed. Tentative investigations have indicated that if corn is above 18 percent moisture and 55°F for 24 to 48 hours, aflatoxin may develop, so this should also be considered when evaluating the performance of a grain dryer. You may estimate how your grain dcying system is performing by completing the following form and returning it to:
A computer program has been developed which can provide homeowners with an evaluation of the econ... more A computer program has been developed which can provide homeowners with an evaluation of the economics of adding insulation to the ceiling, walls and floors of their homes along with the addition of storm windows and doors. This evaluation is done from data collected on a simplified input form. The basic calculation procedure used in the program is discussed in detail including the assumptions made. The program input form and typical output are also presented.
Energy is used in swine facilities for operation of fans, lighting, feed handling, creep heaters,... more Energy is used in swine facilities for operation of fans, lighting, feed handling, creep heaters, water heaters and supplemental space heaters. This fact sheet will consider ways to save energy used for operation of the ventilation system including supplemental space heaters. Before considering ways to save energy, however, remember that most ventilation systems were designed to use energy to reduce the management required. In most cases, reducing energy use will increase the level of management required. Energy inputs used in swine production facilities are normally less than 5% of the total cost of farrow to finish production. Some methods of saving energy may increase other production costs, such as feed requirements, enough to offset any monetary savings. Even though energy expenses are a small percentage of the total production cost, there are ways to reduce energy use without adversely affecting feed use or animal performance. However, the primary objective of a ventilation sy...
Temperature and humidity 9 Atmospheric ammonia 12 Other factors 14 Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrat... more Temperature and humidity 9 Atmospheric ammonia 12 Other factors 14 Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrations in Poultry Housing 17 Poultry Manure-Management Systems 22 Dry manure-management systems 22 Liquid manure-management systems 28 Ammonia Desorption from Liquid Manure 32 Economics of Manure-Management Systems 47 EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION 50 Description of Unit D 50 Normal Operating Procedure 65 METHODS OF ANALYSIS 66
This field study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooler for mo... more This field study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooler for modifying the environment in a gestation house in Kentucky and to compare the measured results with the calculated performance of evaporative cooling systems. The building used in the study was a 68-crate gestation house, as described in Figure 1. The building was oriented east-west and was well insulated. There were no windows in the facility. It was fully occupied, throughout the study, with sows with an average weight of 350 lbs. A negative pressure system was used to ventilate the building with a 36" single-speed exhaust fan located in the east end wall (Figure 1). A 4' x 12' evaporative pad was located in the west end wall adjacent to the air intake. Shutters were mounted on the outside of the building to provide shade for the pads and to protect them during inclement weather.
A field study determined the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooling system in a swine gestat... more A field study determined the effectiveness of an evaporative pad cooling system in a swine gestation house. Theoretical procedures predicted the performance of the cooling system and the building performance. Predicted values were compared with observed temperature modifications of the ventilation air.
Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling ... more Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling for reducing swine stress. Stress was defined as a relationship between dry and wet bulb temperatures which exceeded a stress index of 85. This analysis indicates that properly installed evaporative coolers could reduce the number of hours that stress would occur in swine facilities from 89.6 to 96.4% depending on location.
Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling ... more Southeast and Central United States were used to evaluate the feasibility of evaporative cooling for reducing swine stress. Stress was defined as a relationship between dry and wet bulb temperatures which exceeded a stress index of 85. This analysis indicates that properly installed evaporative coolers could reduce the number of hours that stress would occur in swine facilities from 89.6 to 96.4% depending on location.
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