Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation. Less than 100 case reports h... more Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation. Less than 100 case reports have been published in the literature. It has been considered as an aggressive variant of bladder carcinoma. Though different treatment modalities have been tried in the literature, yet radical cystectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation should be preferred in all patients, in view of high incidence of local and distant metastasis.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them."-William... more Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them."-William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night.
A group of renal tumors composed mainly of cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in papillary patte... more A group of renal tumors composed mainly of cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in papillary patterns and arising in end-stage kidneys has recently been identified. The aim of our study is to investigate the cytogenetic and immunohistochemical phenotypes of these unusual renal tumors, and of morphologically similar tumors arising in kidneys unaffected by end-stage renal disease. Seven tumors from 5 patients (age range: 53 to 64 y, mean: 60 y; 3 men and 2 women) were identified. Sections were obtained from paraffin blocks, including the tumors and adjacent non-neoplastic renal parenchyma. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed with centromeric probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, Y, and with a subtelomeric probe for 3p25. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against cytokeratin 7, carbonic anhydrase IX, a-methylacyl-CoA racemase, CD10, and transcription factor E3. Four of the tumors were from patients who did not have end-stage renal disease. One patient had end-stage renal disease and presented with 3 morphologically identical tumors, composed of clear cells arranged in a mixture of cystic and papillary structures. Follow-up data were available from all patients and none showed recurrence or metastasis (mean follow-up: 24 mo). All 7 tumors (ranging from 4 to 50 mm in diameter) were stage pT1. All tumors lacked the gains of chromosome 7 and losses of chromosome Y that are typical of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Only 1 tumor showed gain of chromosome 17. Deletion of 3p, usually seen in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, was not detected. All tumors showed strongly positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 7 and carbonic anhydrase IX and negative immunostaining with antibodies against a-methylacyl-CoA racemase, CD10, and transcription factor E3. In conclusion, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma can arise in otherwise normal kidneys and in kidneys with end-stage renal disease. This tumor has immunophenotypic and genetic profiles distinct from those of either classic papillary or clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and should be considered a distinct entity in the spectrum of renal cell neoplasia.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are usually Schwann cell derived. DiVerentiation along m... more Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are usually Schwann cell derived. DiVerentiation along mesenchymal lines is uncommon. Herein we present an example with smooth muscle diVerentiation occurring in the left distal forearm of a 62-year-old male with neuroWbromatosis type I. Incisional biopsy of the slowly growing mass demonstrated a low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with strong S-100 protein immunoexpression as well as focal smooth muscle actin staining in atypical neoplastic cells. Immunostains for epithelial membrane antigen, neuroWlament protein, glial Wbrillary acidic protein, CD57, desmin, and myogenin were negative. The MIB-1 labeling index was 5.4%. Electron microscopy revealed arrays of microWlaments (actin myoWlaments) variably associated with fusiform dense bodies, plasmalemmal micropinocytotic vesicles, and foci of external lamina (basement membrane) consistent with smooth muscle diVerentiation. Smooth muscle should be added to the spectrum of diVerentiation exhibited by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Its recognition requires exclusion of the alternative diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
Additional file 2: Figure S2. Representative PCR reactions for EBV (LMP1) in 15 different HNSCC p... more Additional file 2: Figure S2. Representative PCR reactions for EBV (LMP1) in 15 different HNSCC patients.
Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) ha... more Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have higher histological grade, more aggressive locally along with higher chances of distant visceral metastasis. The present study was undertaken to assess the epigenetic regulation in breast cancer and the role of microRNA 182 and microRNA 18a (MIR 182 and MIR 18a) expression in locally advanced TNBC and comparison with the clinico-pathological variables and survival. Methods: A total of 50 patients of locally advanced TNBC and 19 estrogen/ progesterone receptor positive patients (controls) during the period January 2011 to December 2013 were included in the study. Clinical response evaluation was done post neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The expression level of test genes (MIR 182 and MIR 18a) was determined using Real time polymerase chain reaction from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsy blocks. The MIR 182 and MIR 18a expression levels were correlated with the clinico-pathological data including patient outcome and survival. Results: A total of 36% patients had MIR 182 over-expression (value 6.32) whereas 40% patients had MIR 18a over-expression (value 8.84). The expression levels of MIR 182 and MIR 18a were significantly higher in the TNBC patients as compared to the non-TNBC group (p < 0.0001). Higher MIR 182 and MIR 18a expression was related to bigger tumour size, higher nodal status and poor clinical and pathological complete response. Also, 56.2% patients with MIR 182 levels <6.32 and 11.1% patients with MIR 182 levels 6.32 achieved clinical complete response, p-value 0.002. Around 60% patients with MIR 18a levels <8.84 and 10% patients with MIR 18a levels 8.84 achieved clinical complete response, p-value <0.0001. A total of 50% patients with MIR 182 levels <6.32 and 11.1% patients with MIR 182 levels 6.32 achieved pathological complete response, p-value 0.007. On univariate cox regression analysis, MIR 182 and MIR 18a overexpression were found to correlate significantly with overall survival. Conclusions: MIR 182 and MIR 18a overexpression is correlated with worse clinical and pathological tumour characteristics in locally advanced TNBC. This study may be used to develop future biomarkers for prognostication of locally advanced TNBC. Legal entity responsible for the study: DC Doval.
Renal tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms recently subjected to intensive research, res... more Renal tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms recently subjected to intensive research, resulting in several new entities and reclassification. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the morphological features, immunoprofile, and molecular genetic profile of a new entity, namely the tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, we aimed to characterize tubulocystic/cystic variants of selected common renal tumor subtypes and determine the most useful properties for the differentiation of these tumors in diagnostic practice. Finally, we aimed to evaluate the effect of tubulocystic histological pattern on the patients' survival. We selected 24 renal oncocytomas (RO), 10 papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC), 10 chromophobe renal carcinomas (ChRCC), and 15 tubulocystic renal cell carcinomas (TCRCC) with a predominantly (more than 50%) cystic architecture and compared them with a control cohort of their conventional counterparts. We used light microscopy, immunohistochemistry,...
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative PCR reactions for HPV-subtypes in 15 different HNSCC... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative PCR reactions for HPV-subtypes in 15 different HNSCC patients.
Objective-We present herein a new case and survey comprehensively literature on this rare conditi... more Objective-We present herein a new case and survey comprehensively literature on this rare condition. Case report-A 9-yearold girl with a medical history of surgical correction of clubfoot three months earlier presented to our department with an incidentally detected abdominal mass during diagnostic workup for orthopedic surgery. A CT scan revealed a solid right extra-adrenal mass measuring 7×6 cm. It was compressing/involving the infrahepatic part of inferior vena cava, right renal vein and artery with an incomplete encasing of the abdominal aorta. The surgery was successfully performed. The histopathological analysis confirmed GN. Conclusions-Although pediatric extra-adrenal retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma (GN) are rare, their propensity for enveloping major blood vessels is not. GNs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any circumscribed retroperitoneal mass. These tumors can be successfully treated with surgery that leads to an excellent outcome, even in case of incomplete resections with tumor residuals <2 cm.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation. Less than 100 case reports h... more Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation. Less than 100 case reports have been published in the literature. It has been considered as an aggressive variant of bladder carcinoma. Though different treatment modalities have been tried in the literature, yet radical cystectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation should be preferred in all patients, in view of high incidence of local and distant metastasis.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them."-William... more Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them."-William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night.
A group of renal tumors composed mainly of cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in papillary patte... more A group of renal tumors composed mainly of cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in papillary patterns and arising in end-stage kidneys has recently been identified. The aim of our study is to investigate the cytogenetic and immunohistochemical phenotypes of these unusual renal tumors, and of morphologically similar tumors arising in kidneys unaffected by end-stage renal disease. Seven tumors from 5 patients (age range: 53 to 64 y, mean: 60 y; 3 men and 2 women) were identified. Sections were obtained from paraffin blocks, including the tumors and adjacent non-neoplastic renal parenchyma. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed with centromeric probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, Y, and with a subtelomeric probe for 3p25. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies against cytokeratin 7, carbonic anhydrase IX, a-methylacyl-CoA racemase, CD10, and transcription factor E3. Four of the tumors were from patients who did not have end-stage renal disease. One patient had end-stage renal disease and presented with 3 morphologically identical tumors, composed of clear cells arranged in a mixture of cystic and papillary structures. Follow-up data were available from all patients and none showed recurrence or metastasis (mean follow-up: 24 mo). All 7 tumors (ranging from 4 to 50 mm in diameter) were stage pT1. All tumors lacked the gains of chromosome 7 and losses of chromosome Y that are typical of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Only 1 tumor showed gain of chromosome 17. Deletion of 3p, usually seen in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, was not detected. All tumors showed strongly positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 7 and carbonic anhydrase IX and negative immunostaining with antibodies against a-methylacyl-CoA racemase, CD10, and transcription factor E3. In conclusion, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma can arise in otherwise normal kidneys and in kidneys with end-stage renal disease. This tumor has immunophenotypic and genetic profiles distinct from those of either classic papillary or clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and should be considered a distinct entity in the spectrum of renal cell neoplasia.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are usually Schwann cell derived. DiVerentiation along m... more Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are usually Schwann cell derived. DiVerentiation along mesenchymal lines is uncommon. Herein we present an example with smooth muscle diVerentiation occurring in the left distal forearm of a 62-year-old male with neuroWbromatosis type I. Incisional biopsy of the slowly growing mass demonstrated a low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with strong S-100 protein immunoexpression as well as focal smooth muscle actin staining in atypical neoplastic cells. Immunostains for epithelial membrane antigen, neuroWlament protein, glial Wbrillary acidic protein, CD57, desmin, and myogenin were negative. The MIB-1 labeling index was 5.4%. Electron microscopy revealed arrays of microWlaments (actin myoWlaments) variably associated with fusiform dense bodies, plasmalemmal micropinocytotic vesicles, and foci of external lamina (basement membrane) consistent with smooth muscle diVerentiation. Smooth muscle should be added to the spectrum of diVerentiation exhibited by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Its recognition requires exclusion of the alternative diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma.
Additional file 2: Figure S2. Representative PCR reactions for EBV (LMP1) in 15 different HNSCC p... more Additional file 2: Figure S2. Representative PCR reactions for EBV (LMP1) in 15 different HNSCC patients.
Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) ha... more Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) have higher histological grade, more aggressive locally along with higher chances of distant visceral metastasis. The present study was undertaken to assess the epigenetic regulation in breast cancer and the role of microRNA 182 and microRNA 18a (MIR 182 and MIR 18a) expression in locally advanced TNBC and comparison with the clinico-pathological variables and survival. Methods: A total of 50 patients of locally advanced TNBC and 19 estrogen/ progesterone receptor positive patients (controls) during the period January 2011 to December 2013 were included in the study. Clinical response evaluation was done post neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The expression level of test genes (MIR 182 and MIR 18a) was determined using Real time polymerase chain reaction from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsy blocks. The MIR 182 and MIR 18a expression levels were correlated with the clinico-pathological data including patient outcome and survival. Results: A total of 36% patients had MIR 182 over-expression (value 6.32) whereas 40% patients had MIR 18a over-expression (value 8.84). The expression levels of MIR 182 and MIR 18a were significantly higher in the TNBC patients as compared to the non-TNBC group (p < 0.0001). Higher MIR 182 and MIR 18a expression was related to bigger tumour size, higher nodal status and poor clinical and pathological complete response. Also, 56.2% patients with MIR 182 levels <6.32 and 11.1% patients with MIR 182 levels 6.32 achieved clinical complete response, p-value 0.002. Around 60% patients with MIR 18a levels <8.84 and 10% patients with MIR 18a levels 8.84 achieved clinical complete response, p-value <0.0001. A total of 50% patients with MIR 182 levels <6.32 and 11.1% patients with MIR 182 levels 6.32 achieved pathological complete response, p-value 0.007. On univariate cox regression analysis, MIR 182 and MIR 18a overexpression were found to correlate significantly with overall survival. Conclusions: MIR 182 and MIR 18a overexpression is correlated with worse clinical and pathological tumour characteristics in locally advanced TNBC. This study may be used to develop future biomarkers for prognostication of locally advanced TNBC. Legal entity responsible for the study: DC Doval.
Renal tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms recently subjected to intensive research, res... more Renal tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms recently subjected to intensive research, resulting in several new entities and reclassification. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the morphological features, immunoprofile, and molecular genetic profile of a new entity, namely the tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, we aimed to characterize tubulocystic/cystic variants of selected common renal tumor subtypes and determine the most useful properties for the differentiation of these tumors in diagnostic practice. Finally, we aimed to evaluate the effect of tubulocystic histological pattern on the patients' survival. We selected 24 renal oncocytomas (RO), 10 papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC), 10 chromophobe renal carcinomas (ChRCC), and 15 tubulocystic renal cell carcinomas (TCRCC) with a predominantly (more than 50%) cystic architecture and compared them with a control cohort of their conventional counterparts. We used light microscopy, immunohistochemistry,...
Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative PCR reactions for HPV-subtypes in 15 different HNSCC... more Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative PCR reactions for HPV-subtypes in 15 different HNSCC patients.
Objective-We present herein a new case and survey comprehensively literature on this rare conditi... more Objective-We present herein a new case and survey comprehensively literature on this rare condition. Case report-A 9-yearold girl with a medical history of surgical correction of clubfoot three months earlier presented to our department with an incidentally detected abdominal mass during diagnostic workup for orthopedic surgery. A CT scan revealed a solid right extra-adrenal mass measuring 7×6 cm. It was compressing/involving the infrahepatic part of inferior vena cava, right renal vein and artery with an incomplete encasing of the abdominal aorta. The surgery was successfully performed. The histopathological analysis confirmed GN. Conclusions-Although pediatric extra-adrenal retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma (GN) are rare, their propensity for enveloping major blood vessels is not. GNs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any circumscribed retroperitoneal mass. These tumors can be successfully treated with surgery that leads to an excellent outcome, even in case of incomplete resections with tumor residuals <2 cm.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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