Papers by Farrukh Hussain
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 1982
Cenchrus ciliaris L., and Bothriochloa pertusa (L) A. Camus are perennial range grasses growing f... more Cenchrus ciliaris L., and Bothriochloa pertusa (L) A. Camus are perennial range grasses growing from plains upto 1000m in hot and dry tropical and subtropical regions of the world including Pakistan. Both these grasses are preferred for pasture due to easy germination, fast growth, good palatability and better productivity. However, the pasture generally declines after few years. The present study was conducted to see if allelopathy might be responsible for the declination of pastures. Studies made with using aqueous extracts and added mulches from different plant parts indicated that extracts from various parts and mulches invariably inhibited the germination, radicle growth, dry weight and moisture contents of test species used in different bioassays and experiments. The toxicity depended upon the parts assayed, test species used, soaking duration and physiological parameter. Above ground parts, especially leaves, were more toxic than roots. The toxicity enhanced with increasing soaking duration and amount of plant material. However, the toxicity of shoots declined with constant leaching of plant material. Shoot mulches added to soil retarded the germination and dry weight of test species. It was observed that allelopathy operates through water soluble toxins. However, further study is needed to see the role of root exudates, rains leachates and to identify phytotoxins.
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2012
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macro-mineral status of some shrubs species at thre... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macro-mineral status of some shrubs species at three phenological stages which are commonly grazed by livestock in Gadoon hills, District Swabi, Pakistan. Eight shrubs species viz., Berberis lycium, Debregeasia salicifolia, Dodonaea viscosa, Gymnosporia royleana, Indigofera heterantha, Justicia adhatoda, Rosa moschata and Zizyphus nummularia were analyzed for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and N contents. Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Nitrogen contents differed significantly among the shrubs and among all phenological stages except Debregeasia and Indigofera in which the Ca concentration was similar. Potassium contents differed significantly among the various investigated shrubs but such difference was not found among the different phenological stages. Gymnosporia showed extremely low nitrogen contents than all other shrubs. The reproductive stage of Indigofera contained highest amount of nitrogen among all the shrubs. The present study showed that mac...
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2014
In the present study with few exceptions, most of the minerals concentrations were higher in wint... more In the present study with few exceptions, most of the minerals concentrations were higher in winter than in summer in all the investigated plants of family Zygophyllaceae and Euphorbiaceae. Calcium content in Fagonia cretica, Peganum harmala and Chrozophora tinctoria was significantly higher in winter than summer while in Tribulus terrestris and Ricinus communis it was significantly lower in winter. Potassium significantly increased in winter compared to summer in all the tested plants. Sodium in winter significantly differed in all the tested plants. Copper increased insignificantly in winter than summer in all plants. Mn also increased in winter as compared to summer in all the plants. The Mo was less in winter in F. cretica and T. terrestris while it increased in P. harmala, C. tinctoria and R. communis during winter and all plants means showed that they were significantly different from each other. Zinc was poor in winter than summer in F. cretica, P. harmala and T. terrestris, ...
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 1990
Rhizobium, VAM and rock phosphate inoculation has a significant utilization in burgundy. The pres... more Rhizobium, VAM and rock phosphate inoculation has a significant utilization in burgundy. The present study was conducted to study the influence of rock phosphorus fertilization, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) and rhizobium inoculation on growth and yield parameters of burgundy (Macroptilum bracteatum). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design during summer season at the Department of Botany University of Peshawar Pakistan. A composite soil sample was collected for analysis of soil for physical and chemical properties. Rock phosphorus fertilization, application along with VAM and rhizobium inoculation increased the growth parameters significantly. Inoculation under "P" deficient soil dual inoculation, Rhizobium and VAM resulted in an increase in grain yield respectively, over no inoculation in Macroptilum bracteatum. Maximum growth was observed where VAM along with rhizobium and rock phosphate inoculation were applied. It is concluded that bur...
Pak. J. Bot, 2010
The medicinal plants have been used by Hakims and in folklore medicines as 80% of the population ... more The medicinal plants have been used by Hakims and in folklore medicines as 80% of the population lives in rural areas that mostly depend on Unani system of medicines (Soomro et al., 1997). The available literature shows that leaf epidermal features are important in systematic botany ...
The present investigation explains the homogeneity of plant life on the basis of frequency classe... more The present investigation explains the homogeneity of plant life on the basis of frequency classes during 2009-2010 in Tehsil Takht-e-Nasrati, District Karak, Pakistan. The result shows that no homogeneity in the region among the phases and seasons. The value of frequency class is high (9) of class B and low in E (1) in phases 1 during spring season. In summer class C has high value (4.75) while it is low in A. (1). The value of class A is high (14.8) in winter. In phase 2 the class B has high value during spring (9.86) and summer (7.29) while the value of class A is high (8.86) in winter. In phase 3 and 4 the class B has high value throughout all season as compare to other classes. So the equation of homogeneity will be in phase 1; A
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010
The cytotoxicity of the crude methanolic extracts of Rumex hastatus, Rumex dentatus, Rumex nepale... more The cytotoxicity of the crude methanolic extracts of Rumex hastatus, Rumex dentatus, Rumex nepalensis, Rheum australe, Polygonum persicaria and Polygonum plebejum (Family Polygonaceae) was determined against Artemia salina at 1000, 100 and 10 µ µ µ µg/ml. R. hastatus, R. dentatus and R. nepalensis showed significant activity at a concentration of 1000 µ µ µ µg/ml against Artemia salina. R. australe showed low activity at 1000 µ µ µ µg/ml and no activity at 100 and 10 µ µ µ µg/ml. At concentration of 10 µ µ µ µg/ml, R. australe showed no activity. Similarly the phytotoxicity of the crude extracts of these six plants was determined against Lemna minor. All the plants except R. hastatus showed significant activity at a concentration of 1000 µ µ µ µg/ml. Moderate activity was shown by R. australe, R. nepalensis and P. persicaria at the concentration of 100 µ µ µ µg/ml. All the plants showed low phytotoxic activity at concentration of 10 µ µ µ µg/ml.
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014
Discharge of industrial effluents in aquatic environments is a serious threat to life due to toxi... more Discharge of industrial effluents in aquatic environments is a serious threat to life due to toxic heavy metals. Plants can be used as cheap phytoremedients in comparison to conventional technologies. The present study was conducted to check the phytoremediation capability of two free-floating plants, i.e., Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes, for the removal of heavy metals from steel effluent by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. P. stratiotes was able to remove some of the heavy metals, showing the highest affinity for Pb and Cu with 70.7% and 66.5% efficiency, respectively, while E. crassipes proved to be the best phytoremediant for polluted water as its efficiency was greatest progressively for Cd, Cu, As, Al and Pb, i.e., 82.8%, 78.6%, 74%, 73% and 73%, respectively. In conclusion, aquatic plants can be a better candidate for phytoextraction from industrial effluents due to cost effectiveness.
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2021
Thirty nine species were identified from Gulbahar-Peshawar, City. These included Cyanophyceae (12... more Thirty nine species were identified from Gulbahar-Peshawar, City. These included Cyanophyceae (12 Spp.), Chlorophyceae (4 Spp.) and Bacillariophyceae (23 Spp.), The important genera were Oscillatoria (7 Spp), Navicula (4 spp), Nitzschia (4 spp), Pinnularia (3 spp), Lyngbya (3 Spp.), Amphora (3 spp), Epithemia (2 spp), and Ulothrix (2 Spp.). Microcystis, Cosmarium, Microspora, Oocystis, Frustulia, Mastoglia, Surirella, Stauroneis, Diploneis, Achnanthes and Cymbella had one species each. The present study will help others to know the ecological distribution of different flora of fresh water algea in gulbahar, Peshawar. Further work is needed to evaluate its medicinal value and other essential aspects.
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 1989
Phytocoenologia, 2007
... [1 = Chitral: Uthul-Zani, 2 = Ghizar: Phargam, 3 = Ghizar: Langar-Shandur, 4 = Yasin: Darkot-... more ... [1 = Chitral: Uthul-Zani, 2 = Ghizar: Phargam, 3 = Ghizar: Langar-Shandur, 4 = Yasin: Darkot-Rawat, 5 = Gilgit ... ex Benth.; Ch.frutcaesp; w-him (36: +); Bupleurum thomsonii CB Clarke; H.sem; him (36: r). Localities and substrate 1: Chilas, Indus Valley, terrace, stony-sandy; 2: Bunji ...
Oecologia, 1980
Euphorbia granulata Forssk is a medicinal plant used in many countries for treating different ail... more Euphorbia granulata Forssk is a medicinal plant used in many countries for treating different ailments. The present investigations were focused on cytotoxic activity of this plant using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. 2% lethality was recorded with negative control and 0.01mg/ml while no lethality occurred with 0.1 and 1.0mg/ml of extracts. The lowest toxic level (2.5% lethality) noted was 2mg/ml while the high toxic level (97.5% lethality) was 25mg/ml. The extract had LD of 16.21mg/ml against brine shrimp larvae. The overall 50 results suggest that the extracts had no toxicity at standard concentrations, but toxic at high dose above 2 mg.
Pak. J. Bot, 2008
Three range grasses viz., Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus, Dichanthium annulatum Forssk and Pa... more Three range grasses viz., Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus, Dichanthium annulatum Forssk and Panicum antidotale Retz were subjected to 5, 10 and 15 dSm-1 and control (0.21 dSm-1) salinity levels in the laboratory. Germination percent, early seedling growth rate ...
Abstract Extracts from shoots and rhizomes of C. rotundus and E. crus-galli were evaluated for al... more Abstract Extracts from shoots and rhizomes of C. rotundus and E. crus-galli were evaluated for allelopathic effect on seed germination, plumule growth and radicle growth of maize cv. Tarowal seeds. The seeds were exposed for 96 h prior to growth experiments. The ...
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well known for their plant growth promoting efficiency and ... more Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well known for their plant growth promoting efficiency and providing bio-protection against soil-borne pathogens (bacterial, fungal and parasitic nematodes). The efficiency of AM fungi as bio-control agents in commercial organic agriculture is gaining significance in recent decades. However, little information is available regarding beneficial role of AM symbiosis in organic manure amended soil. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the growth performance of Chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) inoculated with AM fungi in soil amended with different dosages of organic manure. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with four levels of organic manure (0, 50, 100 and 150%) and inoculation with five different AM Fungi species (Acaulospora denticulata, Gigaspora albida, Glomus geosporum, Scutellospora corolloidea and Scutellospora scutata). Plants were harvested after 3 months from the date of planting and plant growth was recorded. The inoculation with AM fungi at different levels of organic manure showed significantly more shoot and root dry weight than the non-mycorrhizal plants. The nitrogen content in shoot showed mixed response, resulting into significantly more nitrogen in G. geosporum, S. corolloidea and S. scutata inoculated plants in comparison to the non-mycorrhizal plants as well as plants inoculated with A. denticulata and G. albida. The Phosphorus content in the shoot was highest at 150% of organic manure application with AM plants recording significantly more phosphorus content than the non-mycorrhizal plants. Percent root infection by all AM fungi increased significantly due to amendment of soil with organic manure. Maximum root infection was caused at 100% of organic manure application in soil.
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., is widespread species forming dense populations in sub tropical regi... more Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., is widespread species forming dense populations in sub tropical regions of Pakistan. Allelopathic studies with aqueous extracts from leaves, bark, flowers, shoot litter and mulches in various experiments, invariably reduced the germination, plumule growth, radical growth, fresh and dry weight of Pennisetum americanum (L) Skhyuman, Setaria italica (L) P. Beauv and Sorghum vulgare Pers, used as the test species. Phytotoxicity of extracts depended upon amount and soaking duration. Generally 48 hour extracts were more inhibitory. Leaves were more toxic than bark and flowers. Hot water extract was more inhibitory than aqueous extract obtained at room temperature. Added litter and mulching experiments also proved inhibitory. It is suggested that Dodonaea viscosa has strong allelopathic potential and it might be further tested for its weedicidal and insecticidal activities. Further studies are required to see its allelopathic behavior under field condition against its associated species and to identify the toxic principle, their quantification and its efficacy in the soil.
The availability of green fodder for livestock is one of the most important problems especially i... more The availability of green fodder for livestock is one of the most important problems especially in winters. The aim of present study was to evaluate the dual purpose of barley for forage and grain yield. The experiments were conducted at Botanical Garden-Azakhel, University of Peshawar during 2010 by using RCB design with split plot arrangement. Barley was tested against different nitrogen levels (0 kg ha -1 , 50 kg ha -1 and 100 kg ha -1 ). It was found that 50 kg ha -1 N showed maximum seedlings emergence m -2 , fresh and dry biomass, tillers plant -1 , leaves plant -1 , plant height, 1000 seeds weight and minimum days to emergence while 100 kg ha -1 N displayed maximum tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 and minimum days to maturity. No Cut had maximum fresh and dry biomass, tillers plant -1 , leaves plant -1 , tillers m -2 , plant height, grains spike -1 and 1000 seeds weight while the cuts imposed significantly reduced all aforesaid parameters. The effect of two cuts was more severe...
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Papers by Farrukh Hussain