This study is an investigation of the existence and potential causes of systematic differences be... more This study is an investigation of the existence and potential causes of systematic differences between patients and physicians in their assessments of the intensity of patients' pain. In an emergency department in France, patients (N=200) and their physicians (N=48) rated the patients' pain using a visual analog scale (VAS), both on arrival and at discharge. Results showed, in confirmation of previous studies, that physicians gave significantly lower ratings than did patients of the patients' pain both on arrival (mean difference -1.33, standard error [SE]= 0.17, on a scale of 0-10, P <.001) and at exit SE=0.15, P<.001). The extent of "miscalibration" was greater with expert than novice physicians and depended on interactions between physician gender, patient gender, and the obviousness of the cause of pain. Thus physicians' pain ratings were influenced by non-medical factors.
Scores obtained with the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) are commonly interpreted according... more Scores obtained with the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) are commonly interpreted according to the optimismpessimism factorial model. Positive items would measure individual differences in positive outcome expectancy, and negative items would measure differences in ...
Many works in the past showed that human judgments of uncertainty do not conform very well to pro... more Many works in the past showed that human judgments of uncertainty do not conform very well to probability theory. The present paper reports four experiments that were conducted in order to evaluate if human judgments of uncertainty conform better to possibility theory. At first, two experiments investigate the descriptive properties of some basic possibilistic measures. Then a new measurement apparatus is used, the Ψ -scale, to compare possibilistic vs. probabilistic disjunction and conjunction. Results strongly suggest that a human judgment is qualitative in essence, closer to a possibilistic than to a probabilistic approach of uncertainly. The paper also describes a qualitative heuristic, for conjunction, which was used by expert radiologists.
This study is an investigation of the existence and potential causes of systematic differences be... more This study is an investigation of the existence and potential causes of systematic differences between patients and physicians in their assessments of the intensity of patients' pain. In an emergency department in France, patients (N=200) and their physicians (N=48) rated the patients' pain using a visual analog scale (VAS), both on arrival and at discharge. Results showed, in confirmation of previous studies, that physicians gave significantly lower ratings than did patients of the patients' pain both on arrival (mean difference -1.33, standard error [SE]= 0.17, on a scale of 0-10, P <.001) and at exit SE=0.15, P<.001). The extent of "miscalibration" was greater with expert than novice physicians and depended on interactions between physician gender, patient gender, and the obviousness of the cause of pain. Thus physicians' pain ratings were influenced by non-medical factors.
Scores obtained with the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) are commonly interpreted according... more Scores obtained with the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) are commonly interpreted according to the optimismpessimism factorial model. Positive items would measure individual differences in positive outcome expectancy, and negative items would measure differences in ...
Many works in the past showed that human judgments of uncertainty do not conform very well to pro... more Many works in the past showed that human judgments of uncertainty do not conform very well to probability theory. The present paper reports four experiments that were conducted in order to evaluate if human judgments of uncertainty conform better to possibility theory. At first, two experiments investigate the descriptive properties of some basic possibilistic measures. Then a new measurement apparatus is used, the Ψ -scale, to compare possibilistic vs. probabilistic disjunction and conjunction. Results strongly suggest that a human judgment is qualitative in essence, closer to a possibilistic than to a probabilistic approach of uncertainly. The paper also describes a qualitative heuristic, for conjunction, which was used by expert radiologists.
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Papers by Eric Raufaste