Papers by Epifanía Arango
Frontiers in Genetics, Nov 27, 2023
In response to inequality in access to genomics research, efforts are underway to include underre... more In response to inequality in access to genomics research, efforts are underway to include underrepresented minorities, but explicit (and enforcing) guidelines are mostly targeted toward the Global North. In this work, we elaborate on the need to return scientific results to indigenous communities, reporting the actions we have taken in a recent genomic study with Mapuche communities in Chile. Our approach acknowledged the social dynamics perpetuating colonial hierarchies. We framed genetic results to empower indigenous knowledge and communities' history and identities. A fundamental step in our strategy has been sharing the results with the communities before publishing the scientific paper, which allowed us to incorporate community perspectives. We faced the challenge of translating genetic concepts like admixture, emphasizing the distinction between identity and biology. To reach a broad and diverse audience, we disseminated the study results to single community members, cultural representatives, and high schools, highlighting the importance of the history of the region before the European contact. To facilitate results dissemination, we prepared didactic material and a report in Spanish written in non-specialized language, targeting a wider Latin American readership. This work illustrates the benefits of discussing scientific findings with indigenous communities, demonstrating that a collaborative and culturally sensitive approach fosters knowledge sharing and community empowerment and challenges power dynamics in genetic research. Bridging the gap between academia and indigenous communities promotes equity and inclusion in scientific endeavors.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2018
Declaración de conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran que no existen conflictos de interese... more Declaración de conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran que no existen conflictos de intereses que hayan influido en la realización y la preparación de este trabajo. Declaraciones de autoría: Todos los autores contribuyeron al diseño del estudio y la redacción del artículo. Asimismo, todos los autores aprobaron la versión final. Resumen Giardia duodenalis es un protozoo que causa infección en humanos y animales, que se puede transmitir por vía hídrica, de persona a persona o por contacto con animales, siendo una de las infecciones intestinales más frecuentes en nuestro país, por lo que supone una preocupación de Salud Pública. Su estudio epidemiológico, requiere la caracterización molecular de los parásitos, utilizando genes con gran variabilidad como el que codifica la triosafosfatoisomerasa (tpi) y analizando la homología entre aislamientos. El objetivo del trabajo es establecer el criterio de identidad que permita la comparación epidemiológica de los aislamientos de Giardia. Se recogieron 2-3 muestras de heces en días alternos, de 26 pacientes con giardiosis. Tras la extracción de ADN, se amplificaron por técnicas de PCR, un fragmento del gen tpi y un fragmento del gen de la beta-giardina (bg), que se utilizó como comparación. Los fragmentos obtenidos fueron secuenciados y las secuencias analizadas con los programas BioEdit y DnaSP v.5.0. Las secuencias del gen tpi mostraron una elevada divergencia, con valores de diversidad Π entre 0 y 0,21219. La aparición de picos múltiples en el cromatograma, indicaron la presencia de varios clones en la misma muestra. Las diferencias entre aislamientos del mismo paciente fueron iguales o mayores que las encontradas para el conjunto de todas las muestras. La variabilidad del gen tpi no permite establecer unos criterios de identidad, necesarios para la identificación de aislamientos. Las infecciones mixtas intragenotipo ocurren de una forma muy frecuente, sugiriendo una implicación de la vía ambiental como principal fuente de transmisión o una variación genética muy elevada.
Biological Research, Feb 13, 2020
Background: The intracellular concentration of heavy-metal cations, such as copper, nickel, and z... more Background: The intracellular concentration of heavy-metal cations, such as copper, nickel, and zinc is pivotal for the mycobacterial response to the hostile environment inside macrophages. To date, copper transport mediated by P-type ATPases across the mycobacterial plasma membrane has not been sufficiently explored. Results: In this work, the ATPase activity of the putative Mycobacterium tuberculosis P 1B-type ATPase CtpB was associated with copper (I) transport from mycobacterial cells. Although CtpB heterologously expressed in M. smegmatis induced tolerance to toxic concentrations of Cu 2+ and a metal preference for Cu + , the disruption of ctpB in M. tuberculosis cells did not promote impaired cell growth or heavy-metal accumulation in whole mutant cells in cultures under high doses of copper. In addition, the Cu + ATPase activity of CtpB embedded in the plasma membrane showed features of high affinity/slow turnover ATPases, with enzymatic parameters K M 0.19 ± 0.04 µM and V max 2.29 ± 0.10 nmol/mg min. In contrast, the ctpB gene transcription was activated in cells under culture conditions that mimicked the hostile intraphagosomal environment, such as hypoxia, nitrosative and oxidative stress, but not under high doses of copper. Conclusions: The overall results suggest that M. tuberculosis CtpB is associated with Cu + transport from mycobacterial cells possibly playing a role different from copper detoxification.
Catalysts, Mar 7, 2020
The question of how to distinguish between lipases and esterases is about as old as the definitio... more The question of how to distinguish between lipases and esterases is about as old as the definition of the subclassification is. Many different criteria have been proposed to this end, all indicative but not decisive. Here, the activity of lipases in dry organic solvents as a criterion is probed on a minimal α/β hydrolase fold enzyme, the Bacillus subtilis lipase A (BSLA), and compared to Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), a proven lipase. Both hydrolases show activity in dry solvents and this proves BSLA to be a lipase. Overall, this demonstrates the value of this additional parameter to distinguish between lipases and esterases. Lipases tend to be active in dry organic solvents, while esterases are not active under these circumstances.
Current Biology, 2023
The southernmost regions of South America harbor some of the earliest evidence of human presence ... more The southernmost regions of South America harbor some of the earliest evidence of human presence in the Americas. However, connections with the rest of the continent and the contextualization of present-day indigenous ancestries remain poorly resolved. In this study, we analyze the genetic ancestry of one of the largest indigenous groups in South America: the Mapuche. We generate genome-wide data from 64 participants from three Mapuche populations in Southern Chile: Pehuenche, Lafkenche, and Huilliche. Broadly, we describe three main ancestry blocks with a common origin, which characterize the Southern Cone, the Central Andes, and Amazonia. Within the Southern Cone, ancestors of the Mapuche lineages differentiated from those of the Far South during the Middle Holocene and did not experience further migration waves from the north. We find that the deep genetic split between the Central and Southern Andes is followed by instances of gene flow, which may have accompanied the southward spread of cultural traits from the Central Andes, including crops and loanwords from Quechua into Mapudungun (the language of the Mapuche). Finally, we report close genetic relatedness between the three populations analyzed, with the Huilliche characterized additionally by intense recent exchanges with the Far South. Our findings add new perspectives on the genetic (pre)history of South America, from the first settlement through to the present-day indigenous presence. Follow-up fieldwork took these results back to the indigenous communities to contextualize the genetic narrative alongside indigenous knowledge and perspectives.
Catalysts, 2020
The question of how to distinguish between lipases and esterases is about as old as the definitio... more The question of how to distinguish between lipases and esterases is about as old as the definition of the subclassification is. Many different criteria have been proposed to this end, all indicative but not decisive. Here, the activity of lipases in dry organic solvents as a criterion is probed on a minimal α/β hydrolase fold enzyme, the Bacillus subtilis lipase A (BSLA), and compared to Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), a proven lipase. Both hydrolases show activity in dry solvents and this proves BSLA to be a lipase. Overall, this demonstrates the value of this additional parameter to distinguish between lipases and esterases. Lipases tend to be active in dry organic solvents, while esterases are not active under these circumstances.
Uploads
Papers by Epifanía Arango