Papers by Eka Indra Setyawan
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) kintamani is a superior agricultural product from Bali. Arabic... more Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) kintamani is a superior agricultural product from Bali. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) contains many compounds, one of which is caffeine which is beneficial for health and beauty. This study aims to formulate kintamani arabica coffee beans into a gel dosage form. The optimization formula of kintamani arabica coffee bean gel was made using the D-Optimal method using a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol as observation variables and spreadability, pH, and viscosity of the gel preparation as experimental responses. The study of caffeine from the gel preparation was carried out using a Franz diffusion cell. Caffeine content in the gel preparation and its release are determined by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the amount of HPMC used would increase the viscosity value (+14113.92) and decrease the spreadability (-0.29) and pH (-6.59167E-003) of the gel. The greater the amount of propylene glycol used will decrease the viscos...
Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, Sep 1, 2014
Pada edisi ini, Jurnal Media Farmasi menyajikan artikel yang semuanya merupakan hasil penelitian.... more Pada edisi ini, Jurnal Media Farmasi menyajikan artikel yang semuanya merupakan hasil penelitian. Sembilan artikel dari luar Fakultas Farmasi UAD membahas, (1) Studi pengguna spektrofometri inframerah dan kemometrika (2) Optimasi formula matrik patch mukoadhesif ekstrak daun sirih (Piper batle L.) (3) Pengembangan basic cold cream ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) (4) Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanolik berbagai jenis sayuran (5) Layanan pesan singkat pengingat (6) Pola peresepan antiemetik pada penderita dispepsia pasien dewasa dan lanzia (7) Evaluasi kepatuhan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (8) Pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua terhadap swamedikasi obat demam pada anak. Tiga artikel dari penelitian Fakultas Farmasi UAD yang membahas tentang : (1) Penggunaan antibotik pada pasien leukemia akut dewasa (2) Formula granul kombinasi ekstrak terpurifikasi herba pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) dan herba sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) (Burm.f.)Ness) (3) efek ekstrak etanol kelopak rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L). Harapan kami, jurnal ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca atau menjadi referensi peneliti lain. Kritik dan saran membangun, senantiasa kami terima dengan tangan terbuka. Dewan editor Kata kunci : ekstrak daun sirih, mentol, PEG 400, mukoadhesif matrik patch
Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic ... more Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity. Transdermal patch dosage form is the right choice for ketoprofen in an effort to minimize side effects, improving patient compliance and ensure the achievement of therapeutic targets. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of ketoprofen matrix patch transdermal. The optimizing process was analyzed by simplex lattice model. Determination of the level of ketoprofen released was carried out by spektrophotometer UV-Vis. Interpretation of the dissolution profile can be seen visually fit between the model constructed from the zero-order approximation, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Weibull, Hixson-Crowell and Baker-Lonsdale. The results provide information that a combination of MC and HPMC polymers have a significant influence on increasing the patch weight, patch thickness, loss on drying and dissolution efficiency and insignificant effect against folding endurance. The optimal formula is generated by a combination of HPMC:MC (0.1:0.9) and produces a patch matrix with weight, thickness, drying loss, and DE were 0.68 g, 0.36 mm, 12.42%, and 23.21%, respectively. The release kinetic of ketoprofen followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model through the mechanism of non-Fickian diffusion.
Innovation in Health for Society
Green tea leaves contain lots of polyphenols and antioxidants that can reduce cell damage and pre... more Green tea leaves contain lots of polyphenols and antioxidants that can reduce cell damage and prevent premature aging. Green tea extract is made in gel preparation to make it easier to use and increase convenience. HPMC base with propylene glycol additives can increase drug release and increase drug penetration into the skin. This study aims to optimize the levels of HPMC and propylene glycol in green tea extract gel formulations using the D-optimal method and calculate the total release of polyphenols using the Franz diffusion cell method. The extract is produced by infundation. The gel preparation was formulated by varying HPMC and propylene glycol levels in the manufacturing process. Each gel was evaluated for its physical properties, namely viscosity test, pH test, and dispersion test. The physical properties data obtained were then analyzed using Design-Expert software in the mixture design program to obtain the optimum formula. The optimum formula obtained was HPMC with a conc...
Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretica... more Ketoprofen is a propionic acid derivative that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyreticactivities. Transdermal patch delivery is the right choice for ketoprofen in an effort to minimize side effects, improving patient compliance and ensure the achievement of therapeutic targets.This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of MC and HPMC polymers on physical properties, release and transport profileof the ketoprofen from transdermal matrix patch. The results were analyzed using Design Expert software version 7 with simplex lattice model in order to find an optimal formula. Determination of the dissolution mechanism was analyzed using Solver based on goodness of fit between observation data and model prediction, meanwhile the transport of ketoprofen was analyzed using WinSAAM software based on compartement model. The results provided information that a combination of MC and HPMC polymers had a significant influence on the increased the patch weight, patch thick...
journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 2018
Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains bioactive compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (E... more Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) contains bioactive compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeine, and gallic acid. The study aimed to optimize the extraction condition using the experimental design of factorial design. Two variables namely water temperature (75 and 95 oC) and brewing number (one and two-times) were used and objected to factorial design in order to get the optimum condition. The determination of EGCC, caffeine, and gallic acid was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography method equipped with the UV-visible detector. The result showed that the extraction yield varied from 4.48%-7.56%. The level of EGCG and caffeine in green tea extract varied from 251.96-393.34 mg/g dry weight and 32.94-46.82 mg/g dry weight, while the level of gallic acid could not be quantified in each experiment because it was below the limit of quantification (LOQ). The predicted optimum extraction condition consisted of water temperature at 95 oC with two-times brew...
Corn starch is widely used as excipient in the manufacture of tablets. Native corn starch that ha... more Corn starch is widely used as excipient in the manufacture of tablets. Native corn starch that have a bad flowability were modificated into pregelatinized corn starch to increase it flowability. The aim of this research was to know the effect of the use of pregelatinized corn starch as disintegrant on the physical properties of Vitamin E tablets for dogs with direct compression method. Pregelatinized corn starch is made by heating the suspenssion of starch at 550 C for 10 minutes and then dried. Pregelatinized corn starch is used as a disintegrants of vitamin E tablets for dog which made by direct compression with three variation of pregelatinized corn starch concentration, that is 5%; 7.5%; and 10%. Quality of resulting tablet are known through the hardness test, friability test, and disintegrating time test. The result from the research will be analysed by One-way ANOVA method. The result showed that the use of pregelatinized corn starch as disintegrant at concentration 5%; 7.5%; ...
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, Feb 12, 2017
 Abstract  Mucoadhesive patch is systemic circulation drug delivery system. The drug is placed... more  Abstract  Mucoadhesive patch is systemic circulation drug delivery system. The drug is placed on gingival or buccal. The drug release is controlled by the polymer. This research was aimed to determine the effect of PEG 400 as a plasticizer and Menthol as a permeation enhancer to release of polyphenol compound. Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) was used to determine the effect of PEG 400 and Menthol by placed the Efficiency Dissolution percent (%DE) as a response. The result showed a special cubic equation , y=4,40674(A) +5,05156(B)+4,92658(AB)+4,01144AB(A-B) . PEG 400 and Menthol component both synergistic gave a positive effect to the polyphenol release of the mucoadhesive patch. ANOVA test showed the probability value of its equation of 0,0223 (p<0,05). It means the response of each formula is significantly different. The formula was generated by composition of PEG 400 and Menthol (1,5:0,5) exhibit the higest %DE of 15,23%. The coefficient correlation value (R) of formula that generated from Korsmeyer-Peppas equation is 0.985 and the flux of 0.997 mg/jam.cm 2. The release mechanism is following Fickian , which the diffusion is slower than relaxation.  Keyword : PEG, menthol, drug release, polyphenol  Intisari Patch  mukoadesif adalah sistem penghantaran zat aktif menuju sirkulasi sistemik dengan cara peletakkan obat pada mukosa gusi atau membran pipi bagian dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi pemakaian PEG 400 sebagai plasticizer  dan mentol sebagai permeation enh a ncher  terhadap pelepasan senyawa polifenol ekstrak etanol daun sirih (Piper betle L. )  yang terkandung  dalam  patch  mukoadesif berbahan Methocel ®  A15 . Pengaruh tersebut dapat digambarkan melalui persamaan special cubic  yang dihasilkan dari Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)  dengan cara memasukkan persen disolusi efisiensi (% DE) sebagai respon. Persamaan yang dihasilkan yaitu y= 4,40674(A) +5,05156(B) +4,92658(AB) +4,01144AB(A-B)  yang bermakna bahwa komponen PEG 400 dan mentol bekerja sinergis memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap pelepasan senyawa polifenol dari patch mukoadesif. Hasil perhitungan ANOVA  menyatakan bahwa masing-masing formula berbeda secara signifikan dengan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,0223 (p<0,05). Formula dengan perbandingan PEG 400 dan mentol (1,5:0,5) memperlihatkan hasil pelepasan senyawa polifenol yang paling besar dengan nilai %DE sebesar 15,23% dan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0.985 yang dihasilkan oleh persamaan Korsmeyer-Peppas  dengan kecepatan pelepasan ( fluks ) sebesar 0.997 mg/jam.cm 2 . Hasil analisis data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pelepasan zat mengikuti Fickian , dimana laju difusi lebih kecil dari relaksasi.  Kata kunci :  PEG, mentol, pelepasan obat, polifenol Â
Daun sirih ( Piper betle L) adalah tanaman obat tradisional yang secara empirik dimanfaatkan masy... more Daun sirih ( Piper betle L) adalah tanaman obat tradisional yang secara empirik dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk pengobatan antiinflamasi gusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi ekstrak etanol daun sirih ke dalam sistem penghantaran obat baru yakni patch mukoadhesif. Ekstrak daun sirih sebagai bahan aktif dibuat dengan teknik maserasi sedangkan formulasi patch dibuat menggunakan sistem matrix controlled. Bahan tambahan yang dipergunakan dalam pembuatan patch antara lain; hidroksipropil metilselulosa, polietilenglikol 400, dan mentol. Komposisi pemakaian polietilenglikol 400 dan mentol dalam formula ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode simplex lattice design . Evaluasi matrik patch meliputi; bobot matrik patch , ketebalan matrik patch , folding endurance dan loss on drying . Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bobot matrik berkisar antara 0,510 - 2,837 g, tebal matrik antara 0,28 – 1,00 mm, folding endurance antara 60 - > 500 lipatan dan loss on drying antara 0,063% - 0,099%. F...
Aim: This study was aimed to formulate a transdermal matrix patch using green tea leaf extract. M... more Aim: This study was aimed to formulate a transdermal matrix patch using green tea leaf extract. Materials and methods: The transdermal matrix patch formulation was optimized by the simplex lattice design method. The correlation between responses was analyzed using chemometrics. The observed responses were: 1. the physical properties of the matrix patch, and 2. the percentage of dissolution efficiency of catechins, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate released from the patch. The determination of drug release kinetics was based on the curve-fitting analysis using zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Results: The results showed that the optimal formula was obtained using the mixture of HPMC K100, HPMC K4M, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 4.0: 4.5: 0.5. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that %DE300 values of catechin caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate positively correlate. A similar condition was observed between the weight and thickness of the matr...
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
Objective: This study was intended to optimize the extraction condition using central composite d... more Objective: This study was intended to optimize the extraction condition using central composite design.Methods: Central composite cesign with three independent variables, namely water temperature, brewing time, and brewing number were used to obtain the optimum extraction condition. Two dependent variables, namely yield of extraction and epigallocatechingallate level were used as a response parameter. Epigallocatechin gallate level was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography method.Results: Extraction yield was varied from 0.30 g to 0.72 g. All variables, namely water temperature, brewing time, and brewing number were able to increase the extraction yield. Epigallocatechingallate level was varied from 190.23 mg/g to 301.74 mg/g. Water temperature, brewing time, and both interaction were able to increase the epigallocatechin gallate level in green tea extract.Conclusion: Optimum extraction condition was shown using hot water at a temperature of 95 °C for 20 min and...
Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 2012
Media Farmasi, Sep 1, 2014
Dengan penuh rasa syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, Media Farmasi Vol. 11 No.2 Tahun 2014 telah terbit.
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Papers by Eka Indra Setyawan