Deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin A (“hidden hunger”) afflict over t... more Deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin A (“hidden hunger”) afflict over three billion people. Currently there is an increasing preference among consumers for foods that contain not only traditional nutrients but also provide other compounds that are beneficial to health and well-being. Food systems that feed the world must be changed in ways that will insure that balanced nutrient supplies are available continuously to all people in adequate, affordable amounts. This paper reviews about the most important wheat grain components and their nutritional value. The opportunities of plant breeding and other technologies to improve the nutritional quality of wheat are also discussed.
A novel high molecular weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1B locus was identified in the ... more A novel high molecular weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1B locus was identified in the French genotype Bagou, which we named 1B × 6.5. This subunit differed in SDS-PAGE from well-known 1B × 6 and 1B × 7 subunits, which are also encoded at this locus. Subunit 1B × 6.5 has a theoretical molecular weight of 88,322.83 Da, which is more mobile than 1B × 6 subunit, and isoelectric point (pI) of about 8.7, which is lower than that for 1B × 6 subunit. The specific primers were designed to amplify and sequence 2476 bp of the Glu-1B locus from genotype Bagou. A high level of similarity was found between the sequence encoding 1B × 6.5 and other x-type encoding alleles of this locus.
Endopeptidase allele Ep-D1c and DNA marker-assisted selection have been used for the incorporatio... more Endopeptidase allele Ep-D1c and DNA marker-assisted selection have been used for the incorporation of Lr19 + Lr24 leaf rust resistance genes combination into adapted commercial winter wheat cultivars. The first step was the transfer of the gene Lr19 from the donor cultivar Agrus into acceptor cultivars Simona and Lívia. The progenies possessing the null allele Ep-D1c linked to the gene Lr19 have been screened for their resistance to leaf rust by isolate 4332 SaBa. The plants homozygous properties at the Ep-D1c locus and resistant against leaf rust were used for crossing with NIL Thatcher/Lr24 – a donor of the gene Lr24. Plants possessing both Lr genes were selected from F2 population by STS and isozyme markers linked to the Lr genes. Progenies of 18 F2 plants have been selected by STS marker and tested for resistance against leaf rust. Results obtained with isozyme and STS markers corresponded with resistance testing. Altogether 6 progenies of F3 generation possessing a resistance g...
Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality par... more Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality parameters and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. A total of 206 samples were sorted into those that were suitable (S; n = 186) and those that were unsuitable for human consumption (U; n = 20). The S samples were sorted into grain quality grades (E – elite; A – standard; B – minimum; P – biscuit). The natural occurrences of DON were 72.3 % in the E; 84.9 % in the A; 86.1 % in the B; 58.1 % in the P and 100.0 % in the U samples. The mean DON content was 0.55 mg kg−1 in the E; 0.47 mg kg−1 in the A; 0.67 mg kg−1 in the B; 0.36 mg kg−1 in the P and 1.67 mg kg−1 in the U samples. The natural mean DON contamination of the human consumption samples was lower (0.52 mg kg−1) than for the samples that were unsuitable for human consumption (1.67 mg kg−1).
A novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1D locus was identified in hexa... more A novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1D locus was identified in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Noe and was designated as 1Dy12.3. This subunit differed in SDS-PAGE mobility from the well-known 1Dy10 and 1Dy12 subunits that are also encoded by this locus. An analysis of the gene sequences confirmed the uniqueness of 1Dy12.3 and revealed that it is most closely related to the 1Dy12 subunit. The size of the deduced protein was calculated to be 67 884 Da, which is different from the 1Dy10 and 1Dy12 subunits (67 475 Da and 68 713 Da, respectively). The 1Dy12.3 protein consists of 652 residues, with a highly conserved signal sequence and N- and C-terminal domains, although the central repetitive domain comprising motifs of hexapeptide (PGQGQQ) and nonapeptide (GYYPTSLQQ) repeats was less conserved. The 1Dy12.3 subunit demonstrates fewer QHPEQG hexapeptide motifs and exhibits an increased number of methionine residues in comparison to the other...
SDS-PAGE is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, ... more SDS-PAGE is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, this method is time-consuming, especially at early stages of wheat breeding, when large number of samples needs to be analyzed. On the other hand, LoC (Lab-on-Chip) technique has the potential for a fast, reliable, and automatable analysis of proteins. Benefits and limitations of Lab-on-Chip method over SDS-PAGE method in gluten proteins evaluation were explored in order to determine in which way LoC method should be improved in order to make its results more compliant with the results of SDS-PAGE. Chip electrophoresis provides a very good reproducibility of HMW-GS patterns. Moreover this approach is much faster than the conventional SDS-PAGE methods requiring several hours for an analysis. Another advantage over traditional gel electrophoresis is lower sample and reagent volume requirements, as well as specialized protein standards for accurate reproducibility and quantification. In the...
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main crops for human nutrition. The genetic variabilit... more Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main crops for human nutrition. The genetic variability of grown wheat has been reduced by modern agronomic practices, which inturn prompted the importance of search for species that could be useful as a genepool for the improving of flour quality for human consumption or for other industrial uses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity among 24 European wheat genotypes based on Random Amplified Polymorphism (RAPD) markers. A total of 29 DNA fragments were amplified with an average 4.83 polymorphic fragments per primer. The primer producing the most polymorphic fragments was SIGMA-D-P, where 7 polymorphic amplification products were detected. The lowest number of amplified fragments (3) was detected by using the primer OPB-08. The size of amplified products varied between 300 bp (OPE-07) to 3000 bp (SIGMA-D-P). The diversity index (DI) of the applied RAPD markers ranged from 0.528 (OPB-07) to 0.809 (SIGMA-D-P) with an average of 0.721. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.469 (OPB-07) to 0.798 (SIGMA-D-P) with an average 0.692. Probability of identity (PI) was low ranged from 0.009 (SIGMA-D-P) to 0.165 (OPB-07) with an avarage 0.043. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared. Within the dendrogram was separated the unique genotype Insegrain (FRA) from the rest of 23 genotypes which were further subdivided into two subclusters. In the first subclaster were grouped 13 genotypes and the second subcluster involved 10 genotypes. The first subcluster also included the genotype Bagou from France, in which were detected novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits using SDS-PAGE. Using 6 RAPD markers only two wheat genotypes have not been distinguished. Through that the information about genetic similarity and differences will be helpful to avoid any possibility of elite germplasm becoming genetically uniform.
In the collection of 109 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) the composition of wheat storage pro... more In the collection of 109 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) the composition of wheat storage proteins was characterized and we focused on the allelic variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). Electrophoretical profiles were revealed by dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The HMW-GS compositions coded by Glu-1 locus were separated by SDS-PAGE. We found 3 and 5 alleles coded by Glu- A1 and Glu-B1 loci, respecitvely. We distinguished 9 types of electrophoretical profiles. The composition 0, 6+8 was the most frequented (33 %) and reached the value of Glu-score 2. Eight genotypes (Bezencukskaja 7, G. K. Novodur, Gordeiforme 440/75, Leukomelan 893, Leukurum 488, Lyudmila, Meljanopus III. 8 and Windur) reached the highest Glu-score (6). On the other hand, minimum value of Glu-skore (2) was found in 53 cultivars.
The aim of this study was the electrophoretic characterization of gliadin and glutenin proteins i... more The aim of this study was the electrophoretic characterization of gliadin and glutenin proteins in kernels of Triticum durumDesf. and their evaluation in relation to technological quality. All 108 accessions originating from different geographical areas of world were evaluated for high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition using SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE. The data indicated the prevalence of the null allele (91%), allele 1 (8%) and allele 2* (1%) at the Glu-A1 and five alleles, namely 7+8 (35%), 6+8 (33%), 13+16 (10%), 20 (18%) and 17+18 (4%) represented at the Glu-1B. Protein subunit Glu-1A was correlated positively with improved dough strength as compared to subunit null. On the chromosome Glu-B1 subunit 6+8 was associated with slightly stronger gluten type than 7+8 and 13+16, whereas subunit 20 was associated with weak gluten properties. On the basis of electrophoretic separation of gliadin fraction it was found that 8...
Avenuda and Zvolen were included in the experiment for the evaluation of susceptibility after art... more Avenuda and Zvolen were included in the experiment for the evaluation of susceptibility after artificial inoculation. Panicles of oat cultivars were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Fusarium culmorum Sacc. The infection of panicles resulted in damage of kernels, yield reduction and deoxynivalenol cumulation in kernels, which was higher in Piešťany than in Vígľaš-Pstruša. The reaction of cultivars to artificial infection was similar in both locations and years. In both locations, the highest visual damage of kernels as well as thousand grain weight (TGW) reduction appeared in the Izak cultivar and the lowest ones in Zvolen. Also the highest deoxynivalenol cumulation in both locations and both years was in the Izák cultivar and the lowest one in Zvolen. The Ábel cultivar, with a higher visual damage of kernels and TGW reduction, had a lower deoxynivalenol cumulation. The correlation coefficients were positive between visually damaged kernels and deoxynivalenol content and between the reduction of TGW and deoxynivalenol content. In addition, the correlation between visually damaged kernels and the reduction of TGW was positive, too.
The aim was to compare the cumulation of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in kernels of naked oats and co... more The aim was to compare the cumulation of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in kernels of naked oats and covered oats with hull and without hull after artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum, which is characterised by a high production of deoxynivalenol. In total, thirteen oat cultivars registered in Slovakia were tested. The lowest average DON cumulation was found in kernels of covered oats after hulling. DON cumulation in kernels of naked oats ranged from 9.5 mg.kg(-1) to 14.3 mg.kg(-1), in covered oat kernels after hulling from 2.3 mg.kg(-1) to 9.2 mg.kg(-1) and in covered oat kernels with hull from 17.4 mg.kg(-1) to 83.9 mg.kg(-1). Between the covered oat cultivars the differences in DON cumulation in kernels were revealed, Cumulation of DON in kernels of covered oats after hulling was lower than the average contamination of naked oat kernels. Lower DON accumulation in kernels of covered oat cultivars, after hulling, shows loss of toxin during the cleaning of the kernels. This is impo...
Five genotypes of wheat were artificially infected with Fusarium culmorum using the point method.... more Five genotypes of wheat were artificially infected with Fusarium culmorum using the point method. The beta-D-glucan, deoxynivalenol content, and Fusarium protein value were measured after 72 hours, 15, and 25 days after spike inoculation. The beta-D-glucan content was stable during disease progress in spikes of those genotypes which had both the lowest Fusurium protein value and the lowest deoxynivalenol content. A significant reduction of beta-D-glucan content was found in genotypes which cumulated both high deoxynivalenol and Fusarium protein value.
The objective of this research was to compare kernel contamination by deoxynivalenol and Fusarium... more The objective of this research was to compare kernel contamination by deoxynivalenol and Fusarium protein between interspecific wheat lines and registered cultivars in the Slovak Republic as well as between interspecific wheat lines and sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) after artificial infection with the fungus Fusarium culmorum Sacc. The results showed that the total kernel contamination in interspecific wheat lines was lower than that found in registered cultivars of wheat. Some interspecific wheat lines, P-104-2 from the cross Triticum aestivum/T. macha and P-109-2 from the cross T. aestivum/T polonicum had contamination of kernels similar to, and lower than the sources of resistance to FHB, Sumai3 and Nobeokabozu.
Oat has been more often used in human nourishment in recent years for any rational diet. Grains c... more Oat has been more often used in human nourishment in recent years for any rational diet. Grains contaminated with Fusarium spp. are unsuitable for both human and animal consumption because of the adverse health effects of fusariotoxins. The aim of this work was to examine the reactions of covered oats to artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in seeds. Covered cultivars registered in Slovakia (Zvolen, Auron, Atego, Flamingsstem, Kanton, Viktor, Zlatak, Euro and Ardo) were inoculated during flowering in 2006 and 2007 with conidial suspensions of aggressive isolate of F. culmorum Sacc. After ripening, twenty panicles were harvested manually from each plot of blocks (block 1. inoculated, block 2. uninoculated). The threshed seeds were then manually cleaned and hulled. The reduction in 1000-kernel weight (R-TKW) was calculated. The kernel samples were also analysed for deoxynivalenol (DON) content by a commercial ...
The results of studying proteins genetic markers of winter spelt wheat grain cultivars showed a h... more The results of studying proteins genetic markers of winter spelt wheat grain cultivars showed a high fre quency of occurence of HMW glutenin subunits com position 1, 6+8, 2+12 and б Glu-score value, asso ciated with medium bread-making quality. Therefore these accessions seem to be useful for common meals additions for increasing their nutritious and sensorial quality.
Method ISTA SDS-PAGE was used for separation, detection and evaluation of high molecular weight g... more Method ISTA SDS-PAGE was used for separation, detection and evaluation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW) in the different wheat species. The relation has been studied between the HMW glutenin subunit alleles and the bread-making quality of 25 world wheat cultivars and 21 regional varieties common wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), 17 winter spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.), 3 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum DESF.), 9 cultivars of Triticum turgidum L. and 5 cultivars of Triticum polonicum L. The highest frequency of occurrence of HMW glutenin subunits 2*, 13 + 16 and 5 + 10 were found in world wheat cultivars. In Slovak wheat varieties were analysed subunits 0, 7 + 9 and 5 + 10, 2 + 12. The HMW subunits 0, 7 + 8 with Glu-score 4 were determined in Triticum durum DESF. Three electro-phoretical profile groups of different HMW glutenin subunits were found in Triticum turgidum L. and Triticum poloni-cum L. and six electrophoretical profile groups were determined...
1 Introduction Strength of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is its ab... more 1 Introduction Strength of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is its ability to resolve and investigate the abundance of several thousand proteins in a single sample. Three different extraction procedures for two-dimensional electrophoresis of poppy are compared in this work. TCA/acetone-based and phenol-based extraction method, have been mainly used to extract proteins from different organs or tissues on many plant species. However, few results have been reported for poppy or another oilseed plants. We wanted to determine which of these protocols was optimal for oilseed plants in order to achieve both efficient protein extraction and high spot resolution on 2-D gels. The phenol-based protocol was superior to the TCA/acetone and sodium phosphatase methods, showing larger protein yields and greater spot resolution on 2-D gels. 2 Experimental 2.1 Sample Seeds were used for extraction of proteins from seven Slovak registrated (Albín, Belgarn, Gerlach, Manor, M...
Deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin A (“hidden hunger”) afflict over t... more Deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin A (“hidden hunger”) afflict over three billion people. Currently there is an increasing preference among consumers for foods that contain not only traditional nutrients but also provide other compounds that are beneficial to health and well-being. Food systems that feed the world must be changed in ways that will insure that balanced nutrient supplies are available continuously to all people in adequate, affordable amounts. This paper reviews about the most important wheat grain components and their nutritional value. The opportunities of plant breeding and other technologies to improve the nutritional quality of wheat are also discussed.
A novel high molecular weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1B locus was identified in the ... more A novel high molecular weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1B locus was identified in the French genotype Bagou, which we named 1B × 6.5. This subunit differed in SDS-PAGE from well-known 1B × 6 and 1B × 7 subunits, which are also encoded at this locus. Subunit 1B × 6.5 has a theoretical molecular weight of 88,322.83 Da, which is more mobile than 1B × 6 subunit, and isoelectric point (pI) of about 8.7, which is lower than that for 1B × 6 subunit. The specific primers were designed to amplify and sequence 2476 bp of the Glu-1B locus from genotype Bagou. A high level of similarity was found between the sequence encoding 1B × 6.5 and other x-type encoding alleles of this locus.
Endopeptidase allele Ep-D1c and DNA marker-assisted selection have been used for the incorporatio... more Endopeptidase allele Ep-D1c and DNA marker-assisted selection have been used for the incorporation of Lr19 + Lr24 leaf rust resistance genes combination into adapted commercial winter wheat cultivars. The first step was the transfer of the gene Lr19 from the donor cultivar Agrus into acceptor cultivars Simona and Lívia. The progenies possessing the null allele Ep-D1c linked to the gene Lr19 have been screened for their resistance to leaf rust by isolate 4332 SaBa. The plants homozygous properties at the Ep-D1c locus and resistant against leaf rust were used for crossing with NIL Thatcher/Lr24 – a donor of the gene Lr24. Plants possessing both Lr genes were selected from F2 population by STS and isozyme markers linked to the Lr genes. Progenies of 18 F2 plants have been selected by STS marker and tested for resistance against leaf rust. Results obtained with isozyme and STS markers corresponded with resistance testing. Altogether 6 progenies of F3 generation possessing a resistance g...
Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality par... more Wheat grain samples from 108 fields in Slovakia were analysed for their technological quality parameters and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. A total of 206 samples were sorted into those that were suitable (S; n = 186) and those that were unsuitable for human consumption (U; n = 20). The S samples were sorted into grain quality grades (E – elite; A – standard; B – minimum; P – biscuit). The natural occurrences of DON were 72.3 % in the E; 84.9 % in the A; 86.1 % in the B; 58.1 % in the P and 100.0 % in the U samples. The mean DON content was 0.55 mg kg−1 in the E; 0.47 mg kg−1 in the A; 0.67 mg kg−1 in the B; 0.36 mg kg−1 in the P and 1.67 mg kg−1 in the U samples. The natural mean DON contamination of the human consumption samples was lower (0.52 mg kg−1) than for the samples that were unsuitable for human consumption (1.67 mg kg−1).
A novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1D locus was identified in hexa... more A novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit encoded by the Glu-1D locus was identified in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Noe and was designated as 1Dy12.3. This subunit differed in SDS-PAGE mobility from the well-known 1Dy10 and 1Dy12 subunits that are also encoded by this locus. An analysis of the gene sequences confirmed the uniqueness of 1Dy12.3 and revealed that it is most closely related to the 1Dy12 subunit. The size of the deduced protein was calculated to be 67 884 Da, which is different from the 1Dy10 and 1Dy12 subunits (67 475 Da and 68 713 Da, respectively). The 1Dy12.3 protein consists of 652 residues, with a highly conserved signal sequence and N- and C-terminal domains, although the central repetitive domain comprising motifs of hexapeptide (PGQGQQ) and nonapeptide (GYYPTSLQQ) repeats was less conserved. The 1Dy12.3 subunit demonstrates fewer QHPEQG hexapeptide motifs and exhibits an increased number of methionine residues in comparison to the other...
SDS-PAGE is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, ... more SDS-PAGE is widely used to determine the amounts of the different gluten protein types. However, this method is time-consuming, especially at early stages of wheat breeding, when large number of samples needs to be analyzed. On the other hand, LoC (Lab-on-Chip) technique has the potential for a fast, reliable, and automatable analysis of proteins. Benefits and limitations of Lab-on-Chip method over SDS-PAGE method in gluten proteins evaluation were explored in order to determine in which way LoC method should be improved in order to make its results more compliant with the results of SDS-PAGE. Chip electrophoresis provides a very good reproducibility of HMW-GS patterns. Moreover this approach is much faster than the conventional SDS-PAGE methods requiring several hours for an analysis. Another advantage over traditional gel electrophoresis is lower sample and reagent volume requirements, as well as specialized protein standards for accurate reproducibility and quantification. In the...
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main crops for human nutrition. The genetic variabilit... more Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main crops for human nutrition. The genetic variability of grown wheat has been reduced by modern agronomic practices, which inturn prompted the importance of search for species that could be useful as a genepool for the improving of flour quality for human consumption or for other industrial uses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity among 24 European wheat genotypes based on Random Amplified Polymorphism (RAPD) markers. A total of 29 DNA fragments were amplified with an average 4.83 polymorphic fragments per primer. The primer producing the most polymorphic fragments was SIGMA-D-P, where 7 polymorphic amplification products were detected. The lowest number of amplified fragments (3) was detected by using the primer OPB-08. The size of amplified products varied between 300 bp (OPE-07) to 3000 bp (SIGMA-D-P). The diversity index (DI) of the applied RAPD markers ranged from 0.528 (OPB-07) to 0.809 (SIGMA-D-P) with an average of 0.721. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the markers varied from 0.469 (OPB-07) to 0.798 (SIGMA-D-P) with an average 0.692. Probability of identity (PI) was low ranged from 0.009 (SIGMA-D-P) to 0.165 (OPB-07) with an avarage 0.043. The dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm was prepared. Within the dendrogram was separated the unique genotype Insegrain (FRA) from the rest of 23 genotypes which were further subdivided into two subclusters. In the first subclaster were grouped 13 genotypes and the second subcluster involved 10 genotypes. The first subcluster also included the genotype Bagou from France, in which were detected novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits using SDS-PAGE. Using 6 RAPD markers only two wheat genotypes have not been distinguished. Through that the information about genetic similarity and differences will be helpful to avoid any possibility of elite germplasm becoming genetically uniform.
In the collection of 109 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) the composition of wheat storage pro... more In the collection of 109 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) the composition of wheat storage proteins was characterized and we focused on the allelic variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). Electrophoretical profiles were revealed by dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The HMW-GS compositions coded by Glu-1 locus were separated by SDS-PAGE. We found 3 and 5 alleles coded by Glu- A1 and Glu-B1 loci, respecitvely. We distinguished 9 types of electrophoretical profiles. The composition 0, 6+8 was the most frequented (33 %) and reached the value of Glu-score 2. Eight genotypes (Bezencukskaja 7, G. K. Novodur, Gordeiforme 440/75, Leukomelan 893, Leukurum 488, Lyudmila, Meljanopus III. 8 and Windur) reached the highest Glu-score (6). On the other hand, minimum value of Glu-skore (2) was found in 53 cultivars.
The aim of this study was the electrophoretic characterization of gliadin and glutenin proteins i... more The aim of this study was the electrophoretic characterization of gliadin and glutenin proteins in kernels of Triticum durumDesf. and their evaluation in relation to technological quality. All 108 accessions originating from different geographical areas of world were evaluated for high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition using SDS-PAGE and A-PAGE. The data indicated the prevalence of the null allele (91%), allele 1 (8%) and allele 2* (1%) at the Glu-A1 and five alleles, namely 7+8 (35%), 6+8 (33%), 13+16 (10%), 20 (18%) and 17+18 (4%) represented at the Glu-1B. Protein subunit Glu-1A was correlated positively with improved dough strength as compared to subunit null. On the chromosome Glu-B1 subunit 6+8 was associated with slightly stronger gluten type than 7+8 and 13+16, whereas subunit 20 was associated with weak gluten properties. On the basis of electrophoretic separation of gliadin fraction it was found that 8...
Avenuda and Zvolen were included in the experiment for the evaluation of susceptibility after art... more Avenuda and Zvolen were included in the experiment for the evaluation of susceptibility after artificial inoculation. Panicles of oat cultivars were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Fusarium culmorum Sacc. The infection of panicles resulted in damage of kernels, yield reduction and deoxynivalenol cumulation in kernels, which was higher in Piešťany than in Vígľaš-Pstruša. The reaction of cultivars to artificial infection was similar in both locations and years. In both locations, the highest visual damage of kernels as well as thousand grain weight (TGW) reduction appeared in the Izak cultivar and the lowest ones in Zvolen. Also the highest deoxynivalenol cumulation in both locations and both years was in the Izák cultivar and the lowest one in Zvolen. The Ábel cultivar, with a higher visual damage of kernels and TGW reduction, had a lower deoxynivalenol cumulation. The correlation coefficients were positive between visually damaged kernels and deoxynivalenol content and between the reduction of TGW and deoxynivalenol content. In addition, the correlation between visually damaged kernels and the reduction of TGW was positive, too.
The aim was to compare the cumulation of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in kernels of naked oats and co... more The aim was to compare the cumulation of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in kernels of naked oats and covered oats with hull and without hull after artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum, which is characterised by a high production of deoxynivalenol. In total, thirteen oat cultivars registered in Slovakia were tested. The lowest average DON cumulation was found in kernels of covered oats after hulling. DON cumulation in kernels of naked oats ranged from 9.5 mg.kg(-1) to 14.3 mg.kg(-1), in covered oat kernels after hulling from 2.3 mg.kg(-1) to 9.2 mg.kg(-1) and in covered oat kernels with hull from 17.4 mg.kg(-1) to 83.9 mg.kg(-1). Between the covered oat cultivars the differences in DON cumulation in kernels were revealed, Cumulation of DON in kernels of covered oats after hulling was lower than the average contamination of naked oat kernels. Lower DON accumulation in kernels of covered oat cultivars, after hulling, shows loss of toxin during the cleaning of the kernels. This is impo...
Five genotypes of wheat were artificially infected with Fusarium culmorum using the point method.... more Five genotypes of wheat were artificially infected with Fusarium culmorum using the point method. The beta-D-glucan, deoxynivalenol content, and Fusarium protein value were measured after 72 hours, 15, and 25 days after spike inoculation. The beta-D-glucan content was stable during disease progress in spikes of those genotypes which had both the lowest Fusurium protein value and the lowest deoxynivalenol content. A significant reduction of beta-D-glucan content was found in genotypes which cumulated both high deoxynivalenol and Fusarium protein value.
The objective of this research was to compare kernel contamination by deoxynivalenol and Fusarium... more The objective of this research was to compare kernel contamination by deoxynivalenol and Fusarium protein between interspecific wheat lines and registered cultivars in the Slovak Republic as well as between interspecific wheat lines and sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) after artificial infection with the fungus Fusarium culmorum Sacc. The results showed that the total kernel contamination in interspecific wheat lines was lower than that found in registered cultivars of wheat. Some interspecific wheat lines, P-104-2 from the cross Triticum aestivum/T. macha and P-109-2 from the cross T. aestivum/T polonicum had contamination of kernels similar to, and lower than the sources of resistance to FHB, Sumai3 and Nobeokabozu.
Oat has been more often used in human nourishment in recent years for any rational diet. Grains c... more Oat has been more often used in human nourishment in recent years for any rational diet. Grains contaminated with Fusarium spp. are unsuitable for both human and animal consumption because of the adverse health effects of fusariotoxins. The aim of this work was to examine the reactions of covered oats to artificial infection with Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in seeds. Covered cultivars registered in Slovakia (Zvolen, Auron, Atego, Flamingsstem, Kanton, Viktor, Zlatak, Euro and Ardo) were inoculated during flowering in 2006 and 2007 with conidial suspensions of aggressive isolate of F. culmorum Sacc. After ripening, twenty panicles were harvested manually from each plot of blocks (block 1. inoculated, block 2. uninoculated). The threshed seeds were then manually cleaned and hulled. The reduction in 1000-kernel weight (R-TKW) was calculated. The kernel samples were also analysed for deoxynivalenol (DON) content by a commercial ...
The results of studying proteins genetic markers of winter spelt wheat grain cultivars showed a h... more The results of studying proteins genetic markers of winter spelt wheat grain cultivars showed a high fre quency of occurence of HMW glutenin subunits com position 1, 6+8, 2+12 and б Glu-score value, asso ciated with medium bread-making quality. Therefore these accessions seem to be useful for common meals additions for increasing their nutritious and sensorial quality.
Method ISTA SDS-PAGE was used for separation, detection and evaluation of high molecular weight g... more Method ISTA SDS-PAGE was used for separation, detection and evaluation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW) in the different wheat species. The relation has been studied between the HMW glutenin subunit alleles and the bread-making quality of 25 world wheat cultivars and 21 regional varieties common wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.), 17 winter spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.), 3 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum DESF.), 9 cultivars of Triticum turgidum L. and 5 cultivars of Triticum polonicum L. The highest frequency of occurrence of HMW glutenin subunits 2*, 13 + 16 and 5 + 10 were found in world wheat cultivars. In Slovak wheat varieties were analysed subunits 0, 7 + 9 and 5 + 10, 2 + 12. The HMW subunits 0, 7 + 8 with Glu-score 4 were determined in Triticum durum DESF. Three electro-phoretical profile groups of different HMW glutenin subunits were found in Triticum turgidum L. and Triticum poloni-cum L. and six electrophoretical profile groups were determined...
1 Introduction Strength of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is its ab... more 1 Introduction Strength of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) is its ability to resolve and investigate the abundance of several thousand proteins in a single sample. Three different extraction procedures for two-dimensional electrophoresis of poppy are compared in this work. TCA/acetone-based and phenol-based extraction method, have been mainly used to extract proteins from different organs or tissues on many plant species. However, few results have been reported for poppy or another oilseed plants. We wanted to determine which of these protocols was optimal for oilseed plants in order to achieve both efficient protein extraction and high spot resolution on 2-D gels. The phenol-based protocol was superior to the TCA/acetone and sodium phosphatase methods, showing larger protein yields and greater spot resolution on 2-D gels. 2 Experimental 2.1 Sample Seeds were used for extraction of proteins from seven Slovak registrated (Albín, Belgarn, Gerlach, Manor, M...
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Papers by Edita Gregová