Papers by EUSTARCKIO KAZONGA
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Dec 29, 2022
Since the 1990s, remarkable strides have been made globally in lessening maternal related deaths,... more Since the 1990s, remarkable strides have been made globally in lessening maternal related deaths, however, a significant number of pregnant mothers and their newborns have continued to die from avoidable pregnancy and/or birth related complications with the situation being worse in the sub-Saharan Africa. The quality of ANC and patient satisfaction, greatly affects the image of the hospital from the customer's point of view as opposed to the quantity in terms of visits. 1,2 Therefore, the objective this study was to analyse factors influencing the quality of ANC services in selected public and private health facilities in Lusaka district in Zambia. Patient satisfaction in ANC service delivery comes from good patient outcomes and the good quality of care that a patient receives. Zambia recorded 184 deaths per 100,000 live births and 252 maternal related deaths. 3 Maternal mortality rates have been increasing in Zambia and Lusaka province accounts for 70% of the national maternal deaths. Poor antenatal care services have been attributed to poor postnatal outcomes and contribute to poor patient satisfaction. 4 Despite having a high percentage in ANC attendance by pregnant women in ABSTRACT Background: Patient satisfaction in antenatal care (ANC) service delivery comes from good patient outcomes and the good quality of care that a patient receives. The objective of this study was to determine factors influencing the quality of ANC services in health facilities in Lusaka District in Zambia. Methods: A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design was used. The sample size was drawn from 20 public and private. From these institutions, a random sample of 385 participants (expectant mothers) was selected. Furthermore, 40 care-givers were selected as key informants. The questionnaires and interviews were employed to collect data. The data was analysed by performing factor analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 16.0. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the variables: quality of ANC service and patient satisfaction, the relationship was not very strong as most of the dimensions of ANC were influencing satisfaction slightly above 60%. The empathy dimension was regarded to be the major predictor as it was rated highly in influencing for satisfaction with a Cronbach's alpha score of above 0.8. However, the cost of service showed a strong negative correlation in relation to satisfaction. Conclusions: The study concludes that ANC services provision has an influence on the expectant mothers' satisfaction. Different dimensions of antenatal care services influence satisfaction differently and a combination of several dimensions posts increased satisfaction.
Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies, Dec 19, 2022
Since the end of the world wars, the demise of the Cold War and the end of liberation wars in Afr... more Since the end of the world wars, the demise of the Cold War and the end of liberation wars in Africa, the changing character of warfare has given birth to uncertainties about how states will respond to acts of aggression in the face of ethics of war, or the moral rules of war. It has become difficult for states to conduct permissible self-defence and other-defence against non-state actors or sub-state groups, which do not have a sovereign (political and territorial integrity) to protect. In the face of this reality, it is not known how much knowledge military personnel world over have on ethics of war, what their attitude towards ethics of war is, and how they practice these ethics of war during war and operations other than war. Research was therefore conducted to assess knowledge of, attitudes toward and practices of the ethics of war of officers and soldiers of the Zambia Army.
Studies in Social Science Research
The study was a comparative analysis of the corporate governance practices and firm financial per... more The study was a comparative analysis of the corporate governance practices and firm financial performances between State-Owned Enterprises and listed firms in Zambia. Using a cross-sectional panel data set covering the period 2002 to 2017, the t-test statistic was employed to compare the corporate governance practices and firm financial performances between unlisted State-Owned Enterprises, listed State-Owned Enterprises and listed private firms. It was found that corparate governance practices and firm financial performances between State-Owned Enterprises and listed firms in Zambia were significantly different. The board sizes for listed firms were statistically significantly less than those of State-Owned Enterprises and the proportion of non-executive directors on the boards of listed firms were also statistically significantly less than those of State-Owned Enterprises. On the other hand the proportion of female directors on listed firms were statistically significantly more th...
International Journal of Research Publications
While the prestige of attaining the highest level of education is sought after, the process tends... more While the prestige of attaining the highest level of education is sought after, the process tends to be generally considered as unpleasant and dreaded by a number of candidates. It has also been noted that the whole process of the viva can be contradictory hence leaving the candidate frustrated and deflated. The aim of this research is to examine the candidates' valuation of the process of the viva in producing a credible candidate of the academic community. A phenomenological approach was employed using a small-scale action research. One to one interviews were used to collect research data in situ from the candidates after the viva in order to capture the very first impression of the experience. Candidates who had graduated previously provided valuable data of their experiences 2 to 5 years later. Observations of the state of the candidates during and after the viva captured important data. The research included a sample of 20 candidates in four (4) private universities and ano...
Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation, 2020
Background: The government of the Republic of Zambia established the Local Government Equalisatio... more Background: The government of the Republic of Zambia established the Local Government Equalisation Fund, to which each year parliament appropriates not less than 5% of the total amount of projected income taxes collected for the republic for that financial year. The purpose of the fund is to provide a source of financing for service delivery.Aim: The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of equalisation funds on service delivery in selected local authorities in Zambia.Setting: The study focused on Lusaka City Council, Luanshya Municipal Council and Chisamba and Luangwa town councils in Zambia.Methods: A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used. The population comprised registered property owners and council officials in the selected districts. The sample was drawn using stratified sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysed by using descriptive statistics and regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Qualit...
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has ... more Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activ...
Background: School feeding programs are an important intervention for providing school going pupi... more Background: School feeding programs are an important intervention for providing school going pupils with food while at school. The Home Grown School Feeding Programme (HGSFP) in Zambia is implemented by the government that supplies food rations to rural primary schools on a termly basis. The purpose of this study was to identify ways of sustaining the HGSFP in Sinda District of Zambia. Methods: The study employed a qualitative descriptive research design. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using semi structured interview guides and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Four distinct themesas challenges in implementing the HGSFP for sustainability: Human, financial and material resources; Time management; School production units; and Stakeholder collaboration. Conclusion: The HGSFP is a very effective programme in promoting good health, fighting high dropout rates, high absenteeism rates as well as promoting retention and scho...
Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2021
Abstract: Antenatal care (ANC) is an important public health screening tool to promote better out... more Abstract: Antenatal care (ANC) is an important public health screening tool to promote better outcomes in pregnant women
and their unborn children. Women who book for ANC early enjoy the benefits of early detection of any probable condition which
can affect the pregnant woman or her fetus. The objective of the study was to analyse determinants of late First ANC booking
among pregnant women in Kasenegwa district in the Eastern Province of Zambia. The study design was a cross-sectional
focusing on first ANC women, which used a multi-stage sampling design to sample the health facilities included in the study.
Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to come up with the sample size of 225 pregnant women. Logistic
regression was used to analyse the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The prevalence of late
ANC booking was 53% (107/118) in the study area. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal age (OR=1.7
p-value=<0.0001), Marital status (OR=7.6, 95% CI=2.801-21.020, p-value=<0.0001), Education (OR=6.9, p-value=0.030),
Knowledge on the need to book early for ANC despite any noticeable complications (OR=7.964, 95% CI=2.308-27.486,
p-value=0.001), decision making to book for ANC (OR=.111, 95%CI=.059-.208, p-value=.000), maternal gravida (OR=1.47,
p-value=0.012), Parity (OR=1.65 p-value=0.024), unplanned pregnancy (OR=2.1, 95% CI=6.385-71.406 p-value=<0.0001), and
staff attitude (OR=1.973, 95% CI=1.730-2.249, p-value=0.006) were found to be significant determinants. From the results, it
can be deduced that Late ANC booking is high in Kasenengwa District and factors associated with this problem are maternal age,
maternal marital status, maternal gravida/parity, spouse/husband nonsupport and pregnancy uncertainty.
Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Journal of Local Government Research and Innovation
14, the article section was given incorrectly. The correct section should be Original Research in... more 14, the article section was given incorrectly. The correct section should be Original Research instead of Review Article. This correction does not alter the study's findings of significance or the overall interpretation of the study's results. The publisher apologises for any inconvenience caused.
BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has ne... more BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.MethodsWe conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).ResultsA response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activity 45.4% time. Factors that affecte...
This study was conducted in the City of Lusaka in Zambia at eight public hospitals using a quanti... more This study was conducted in the City of Lusaka in Zambia at eight public hospitals using a quantitative research design with a post-positivism perspective that employed self-administered closed ended questionnaires for data collecting. The study aims at examining the effect of public sector corporate entrepreneurship dimensions on the performance of the public health sub-sector using the following dimensions that affect organisational performance (1) pro-activeness (2) risk-taking and (3) innovations. In addition, many internal organisational factors moderate the relationship between public sector corporate entrepreneurship dimensions and organisational performance. This study examines three factors: (1) resource availability, (2) supportive organisational structure, (3) rewards/resource reinforcement. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test these relationships. The findings of this study reveal that the dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship-innovation, pro-...
Xapit is arguably the first banking facility in Zambia incorporating Self Service Banking (Online... more Xapit is arguably the first banking facility in Zambia incorporating Self Service Banking (Online and Mobile banking and ATM’s) with traditional banking and is offered by the Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZANACO). The main objective of the study was to determine the extent of effectiveness with which Xapit services are delivered to clients. The cross-section descriptive design was used with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Xapit Acceptance Model (XAM) forming the theoretical and conceptual framework respectively. The study revealed the services/benefits offered through Xapit, that Xapit is effective in service delivery (from users responses on a 5 point likert scale), that 67.2% of the students do not see a service better than Xapit and that of the 32.8% opposed to this view; most consider First National Bank’s e-wallet as the best alternative to Xapit. Various other alternatives to Xapit with varying degrees of acceptance were discovered. Based on the findings, it w...
Journal of Corporate Governance Research
The research systematically documented and described the corporate governance practices and finan... more The research systematically documented and described the corporate governance practices and financial performance in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Zambia from 2006 to 2017. The research design that was adopted was the descriptive research design to systematically describe the corporate governance practices and financial performance of SOEs in Zambia. The corporate governance attributes for SOEs such as board size, board appointing authorities and board membership have been found to be prescribed by a diversity of Acts of Parliament for different SOEs. This finding suggests that the governance of these entities could be a challenge insofar as the uniformity of the legal framework for the governance of the entities was concerned. In addition to this, board membership which are designated by specific government positions rather than merit based, compromises board effectiveness. The study has further shown that failure to produce and publish, for public scrutiny, audited financial s...
Excellence in Higher Education
Policy and legal frameworks are enablers for the delivery of appropriate higher education (HE) in... more Policy and legal frameworks are enablers for the delivery of appropriate higher education (HE) in a country. Zambia is currently implementing reforms in the HE sub-sector within the context of the policy and legal frameworks. These frameworks have implications on the provision of HE. The objectives of the paper are to: identify the policy and legal frameworks for the HE sub-sector; and determine the implications of these frameworks on HE. A document analysis method was used for the study in order to determine the relevant policy and legal frameworks on HE. In particular, the analysis used qualitative data purposively collected from the following documents: (1) Educating Our Future: National Policy on Education of 1996; (2) Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Policy of 1996; (3) Higher Education Act No. 4 of 2013 and Zambia Qualifications Authority Act No. 13 of 2011; (5) Higher Education Loans and Scholarships Act No. 31 of 2016; (6) Technical Education, Vo...
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Papers by EUSTARCKIO KAZONGA
and their unborn children. Women who book for ANC early enjoy the benefits of early detection of any probable condition which
can affect the pregnant woman or her fetus. The objective of the study was to analyse determinants of late First ANC booking
among pregnant women in Kasenegwa district in the Eastern Province of Zambia. The study design was a cross-sectional
focusing on first ANC women, which used a multi-stage sampling design to sample the health facilities included in the study.
Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to come up with the sample size of 225 pregnant women. Logistic
regression was used to analyse the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The prevalence of late
ANC booking was 53% (107/118) in the study area. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal age (OR=1.7
p-value=<0.0001), Marital status (OR=7.6, 95% CI=2.801-21.020, p-value=<0.0001), Education (OR=6.9, p-value=0.030),
Knowledge on the need to book early for ANC despite any noticeable complications (OR=7.964, 95% CI=2.308-27.486,
p-value=0.001), decision making to book for ANC (OR=.111, 95%CI=.059-.208, p-value=.000), maternal gravida (OR=1.47,
p-value=0.012), Parity (OR=1.65 p-value=0.024), unplanned pregnancy (OR=2.1, 95% CI=6.385-71.406 p-value=<0.0001), and
staff attitude (OR=1.973, 95% CI=1.730-2.249, p-value=0.006) were found to be significant determinants. From the results, it
can be deduced that Late ANC booking is high in Kasenengwa District and factors associated with this problem are maternal age,
maternal marital status, maternal gravida/parity, spouse/husband nonsupport and pregnancy uncertainty.
and their unborn children. Women who book for ANC early enjoy the benefits of early detection of any probable condition which
can affect the pregnant woman or her fetus. The objective of the study was to analyse determinants of late First ANC booking
among pregnant women in Kasenegwa district in the Eastern Province of Zambia. The study design was a cross-sectional
focusing on first ANC women, which used a multi-stage sampling design to sample the health facilities included in the study.
Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to come up with the sample size of 225 pregnant women. Logistic
regression was used to analyse the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The prevalence of late
ANC booking was 53% (107/118) in the study area. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal age (OR=1.7
p-value=<0.0001), Marital status (OR=7.6, 95% CI=2.801-21.020, p-value=<0.0001), Education (OR=6.9, p-value=0.030),
Knowledge on the need to book early for ANC despite any noticeable complications (OR=7.964, 95% CI=2.308-27.486,
p-value=0.001), decision making to book for ANC (OR=.111, 95%CI=.059-.208, p-value=.000), maternal gravida (OR=1.47,
p-value=0.012), Parity (OR=1.65 p-value=0.024), unplanned pregnancy (OR=2.1, 95% CI=6.385-71.406 p-value=<0.0001), and
staff attitude (OR=1.973, 95% CI=1.730-2.249, p-value=0.006) were found to be significant determinants. From the results, it
can be deduced that Late ANC booking is high in Kasenengwa District and factors associated with this problem are maternal age,
maternal marital status, maternal gravida/parity, spouse/husband nonsupport and pregnancy uncertainty.