Papers by European Modern Studies Journal EMSJ
European Modern Studies Journal, 2023
Issue: This study on mathematics and gender dichotomy with respect to item statistics adopted an ... more Issue: This study on mathematics and gender dichotomy with respect to item statistics adopted an ex-post facto research design. Methods: A sample of 92 final year students (46 males and 46 females) was drawn through purposive sampling technique from selected secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. A 50-item multiple choice test used by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) in 2010 constituted the instrument for the study. Findings: The independent t-test analysis showed that the mean item statistics was statistically significant in favour of the male students. Conclusion and Recommendation: Mathematics items appeared easier to the males compared to the females. It was recommended that raw scores and item statistics should be used when determining gender distinctions in mathematics achievement to give room for comparison.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2020
Background: Improving good practice in antibiotics use is critical in challenging antimicrobial r... more Background: Improving good practice in antibiotics use is critical in challenging antimicrobial resistance. This study assessed knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic prescribing in children by physicians in both public and private health care in Goma, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo, a low-income country. Methods: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was applied. Results: 147 physicians from twenty-five health care providers in the city of Goma participated in the study. More than three-quarters [85.7% (n=147] were General Practitioners from primary health care settings. More than two-thirds of the participants had over five years' experience. In approximately three-quarters of cases [72.1%, (n=147)], the participants declared lack of recent training on antibiotic prescribing. In the five clinical situations posed to the participants, antibiotics prescribing practice was felt to be inappropriate or unnecessary in 15 to 80%. Antibiotic prescribing for symptoms of cough and fever, yellowish sputum, odynophagia, cold and flu and fever, positive "Thick smear" test and fever were categorized as unnecessary or inappropriate. An incorrect response concerning the susceptibility of Staphylococcus Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) was demonstrated in more than three-quarters in General Practitioners [76.4%, (n=123)] compared to less than half in Specialists [41.2%, (n=123)] (p=0.00). With regard to Enterococcus susceptibility, an incorrect response was noted in more than three-quarters in both General Practitioners and Specialists. A number of internal factors or determinants in health care institutions (Publics and Privates sectors) were noted to restrict good practice in antibiotics prescribing. Factors contributing to poor to practice in antibiotics prescribing were the uncertainty in the diagnosis, physicians who had only practiced in private hospitals and clinics and frequent antibiotics stock shortage in public or semi-public hospital. In more than a third of physicians, antibiotics resistance was not perceived as a problem in their daily practice or as a public health problem. Conclusions: Hospitals in Goma demonstrated inappropriate antibiotic prescribing practice. Strategies and policies such as Antimicrobial Stewardship and socio-anthropological approach need to be explored.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
The main purpose of this study is to present the demographic profile, employment status, sector o... more The main purpose of this study is to present the demographic profile, employment status, sector of employment, place of work, length of time in getting a first job, ways of finding a job, position held at current job, relatedness of training with the current work, competencies needed at work, and leadership and volunteerism profile of UM Tagum College, BSBA Human Resource Management graduates. Majority of the respondents are single within the age bracket of 20-25 years old; they have no competency examination passed. Likewise, many of the respondents are employed within Region XI and occupy in the staff positions in contractual status. Further, most of the respondents land a job in less than six months after graduation and choose to stay in their work due to proximity of the establishment to their home. Furthermore, communication skills and human relations skills are the competencies that help the respondent in the performance of their functions. Moreover, it is noted that most of the respondents are not members of any professional organization and are not engaged in any volunteer activities.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
The capital structure of any company is crucial in determining its financial decisions. Furthermo... more The capital structure of any company is crucial in determining its financial decisions. Furthermore, the size of the company influences capital structure decisions, and the scope of capital structure should be governed by corporate governance. As a result, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of firm size on capital structure decisions in Sri Lanka and the moderating effect of corporate governance. This study covered the years 2013 to 2017 and used manufacturing companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). There were 28 companies and 140 observations. Furthermore, firm size is the study's independent variable, capital structure choices are the dependent variable, and corporate governance is the moderating variable. Liquidity, asset tangibility, profitability, and earnings per share are the other four control variables (EPS). To examine the association between firm size and capital structure choices, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, OLS, and panel regression analysis were used for data analysis, and it was discovered that there is a significant (P<0.01) positive association. Additionally, there is no moderating effect of corporate governance on the relationship between the firm size and capital structure choices of manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka, according to the second goal. These findings are expected to have a significant impact on politics.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
Globalization is the reality of our day and age. Globalization connotes the increasing economic, ... more Globalization is the reality of our day and age. Globalization connotes the increasing economic, social, technical, cultural, and political interdependence between nations. People are more interconnected now than ever. The availability of worldwide communication systems through rapid improvements in communication technology and the internet has led to more international trade and cultural exchange. Globalization has come with its own attendant challenges, including the need to design effective multinational organizations, and to identify and select appropriate leaders to manage those organizations with their culturally diverse employees (Northouse, 2013). It is now incumbent on organizational leaders to understand how cultural differences affect their leadership performance and their leadership development systems. Adler and Bartholomew (1992) assert that organizational leaders need to understand various business, political, and cultural environments globally, learn the perspectives, tastes, trends, and technologies of many other cultures, learn how to work with people from many cultures simultaneously, adapt to living and communicating in other cultures, and learn to relate with people from diverse cultural origins from a position of equality rather than cultural superiority. Successful leadership development across borders in the globalized world requires for leaders to embrace diversity by rising above cultural issues such as perceptual bias, discrimination, stereotyping, ethnocentrism, and prejudice. This white paper will explore the basic concepts of global leadership, the development of cultural agility, and the process of leadership development across borders.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
There is a complex relationship between organizational culture, leadership models or approaches, ... more There is a complex relationship between organizational culture, leadership models or approaches, and leadership development. Effective organizational leaders prioritize leadership development. They create organizational cultures that aid leadership development, leverage appropriate leadership models.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
This paper explores the significant role of leadership in both the creativity and innovation proc... more This paper explores the significant role of leadership in both the creativity and innovation processes of an organization. It is a proven fact that culture and technology enhance leadership effectiveness in most organizations because leadership represents the catalyst that drives organizational creativity and innovation. So, for an organization to accomplish constant innovation, leaders must create a conducive learning environment that promotes a deep-rooted culture of experimentation thereby encouraging creativity and innovation (Agbor, 2008). However, creativity and innovation in organizations depend on how leaders promote and manage diversity by developing an effective leadership structure that could sustain the entire process of innovation. Since most innovation projects are said to fail 90% of the time, developing effective innovation teams within an organization is critical. So, apart from outlining the various attributes of a successful innovator within an organization and their characteristics, our major focus will be on the key lessons learned during the process of innovation and creativity, overcoming the several myths and wrong assumptions that are associated with them, knowing what the structure of scientific revolutions entail in making innovation works and the spiritual contexts of creativity and innovation.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
Effective organizational leaders prioritize leadership development. Some of the practices of lead... more Effective organizational leaders prioritize leadership development. Some of the practices of leadership development include coaching, mentoring and discipleship. Coaching, mentoring, and discipleship have subtle differences, and they ultimately complement one another in the leadership development process. In coaching, the apprentice sets the agenda, in mentoring, the mentor sets the agenda, and in discipleship, the commands of Christ tops the agenda. Coaching draws out of people what they cannot see in themselves, and the coach does not serve as a role model for the coachee. But in discipleship and mentoring, those being mentored tend to take on the attributes of the mentors. The Holy Spirit remains the ultimate coach and mentor.
European Modern Studies Journal, 2021
This research examined the effect of Fiscal Policy on the Economic Growth of Sub Saharan Africa u... more This research examined the effect of Fiscal Policy on the Economic Growth of Sub Saharan Africa using data from Nigeria and Ghana for the period 1986-2017. Fiscal Policy was disaggregated into Tax Revenue, Oil Revenue, Capital Expenditure, Recurrent Expenditure and Deficit Financing while the Real Gross Domestic Product was the proxy for Economic Growth for both Ghana and Nigeria. The data set for these variables was collected, and necessary tests were conducted. The Philips-Perron Unit Root Test conducted revealed that all the variables were stationary at First Difference which confirmed that there is no unit root in the variables. The Jahansen Cointegration test suggested the existence of a long run effect of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth for both Ghana and Nigeria. So, the Vector Error Correction Mechanism was adopted and it confirmed the existence of a long run effect of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in both Ghana and Nigeria. The long run estimation showed F.Statistic 71.13 and Prob.(F.Statistic) 0.0000 revealing that Fiscal Policy has a significant long run effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The long run estimation for Ghana also has F.Statistic 3.5807 and Prob.(F.Statistic) 0.008388 and it is statistically significant at 5% level of significance. This means that Fiscal Policy has significant long run effect on economic growth in Ghana. But, not all the individual explanatory variables have the much expected significant long run effect on economic growth in both countries studied. For Nigeria, only Tax Revenue and Deficit Financing have significant effect on economic growth in the country at 5% level of significance. For Ghana, only Oil Revenue and Deficit Financing have significant long run effect on economic growth in Ghana at 5% level of significance. The research recommended an overhaul of fiscal policy in Sub Saharan Africa to encourage strict fiscal discipline and the diversification of revenue sources in Nigeria to reduce the dependence on oil revenue in the country.
Background. The Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) score for children 6-23 months old is a populatio... more Background. The Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) score for children 6-23 months old is a population-level indicator designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess diet diversity as part of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices among children 6-23 months old. A total of 450,000 children in Tanzania are acutely undernourished, with over 100,000 sufferings from the most severe form of acute malnutrition, making it a country with one of the highest undernutrition burdens in Eastern and Southern Africa. Objective. To determine factors associated with dietary diversity among children 6-23 months old in Southern Hinterland Regions of Tanzania. Methods. The study used secondary data from Tanzania Demographic Health Survey (2015-2016). The original data was obtained from a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study of children 6-23 months old in the regions of Mbeya, Iringa, Njombe, Songwe, and Rukwa. The survey employed a two-stage sampling design whereby the first stage involved selecting enumeration areas (clusters), and the final stage was the selection of households. The data were analyzed by using STATA version 14; a logit model was run to identify associations between dietary diversity score as dependent variables and various predictors' variables, also known as independent variables. Results. The study found out that only few children aged 6 to 23 months in Southern highlands and hinterlands of Tanzania reached the minimum dietary diversity. Age of children 9-11 months [AOR=3.35; 95 CI=1.23-10.26], age of children 12-23 months [AOR=6.03; 95 CI=2.43-15.02], secondary and higher level of education [AOR=2.42; 95 CI=0.99-5.84] and rich households [AOR=405; 95 CI=2.09-7.81] significantly related to minimum dietary diversity in children aged 6-23 months in Southern Hinterland Regions of Tanzania. Conclusion. This study showed that a very low proportion of children aged 6-23 months in southern and hinterland of Tanzania received adequate dietary diversity as measured by the WHO indicators. Factors that consistently affect dietary diversity in common were the age of the child especially lower age and low level of the mother's education and wealth index.
This study aimed to characterize macroscopic qualities of the extracted boar semen; assess the sp... more This study aimed to characterize macroscopic qualities of the extracted boar semen; assess the sperm cell morphology, abnormality and number live and dead sperm cell in the extracted boar's semen; evaluate the initial sperm motility of the extended boar semen with watermelon extract; and determine the longevity of the sperm cells in the extended boar semen with watermelon extract. Semen Extender sustains life of sperm cells even outside of the reproductive tract of the boar. Natural products such as watermelon may prolong the livability of sperm cells considering its lycopene content which is an anti-oxidant. The study was conducted to evaluate the semen volume, color, pH, sperm cell motility and longevity in different treatments (No extender, Commercial Extender and Watermelon extract egg yolk). These were arranged in a Completely Randomize Design (CRD) and replicated five times. Post hoc test was through the Tukey's HSD Test after the analysis of variance for a complete randomized design. The semen macroscopic and microscope characteristics such as volume, color, pH, sperm cell abnormalities, motility and livabilitywere observed and recorded. Results showed 200 ml semen which is milky white in color, pH 8 and an excellent initial motility of 84%. Common sperm cell abnormality was enlarged midpiece (23.08%). Semen without extender has sperm cells alive for only four hours, watermelon extract-yolk extender for 9 hours while the commercial extender allowed sperm cells to live as long as 19 hours after the addition of the extenders. Commercial extenders are better for long-term preservation while watermelon extract-yolk extenders are for short-term only.
The study was conducted to determine the yield of varieties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as in... more The study was conducted to determine the yield of varieties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by different rates of synthetic chemicals nutrients. NSIC Pn 08 and NSIC Pn 10 were used in the study. This study was conducted at the soil and climatic condition of Mindanao State University Buug Campus Field Laboratory, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines with an average temperature of 27 0 C. The experiment was laid using Split-Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight combined treatments and replicated three times. An area of 227.81 m 2 including alley ways was divided into 24 plots, each plot measured 1.5 m x 5 m. There were two factors used in the study, the varieties and rates of N2, P2O5, K2O fertilizer. Four seeds were planted per hill with the distance of 20 cm between hills and 70 cm between rows fifteen (15) days after planting. Thinning was done and leaving only one plant. There were two rows per plot and each plot has 46 hills with total of 1,104 plants. Different rates of complete fertilizer was drilled planting holes two days before planting at a rate of F1 1.63 grams, F2 2.44 grams, F3 3.26 grams of complete fertilizer. The result revealed that the average weight of pods in grams per hill per plot per treatment showed that there was a significant difference among varieties. In addition, average number of pods, average number of seeds per hill per plot per treatment and total number of seeds per plot per treatment showed that there is no significant difference among the different varieties, different rates of complete fertilizer and on treatment combinations.
This study was conducted to determine the yield performance of peanut applied with different rate... more This study was conducted to determine the yield performance of peanut applied with different rates of Complete Fertilizer (14-14-14). The experiment was done under the soil and climatic condition in Zamboanga Sibugay. The experiment was laid using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replications. An area of 168 square meters was divided into 16 plots each measured 1.5 meters wide and 7 meters long excluding canals. There was only one factor used in the study, the different rates of Complete Fertilizer (14-14-14). The four treatments were T1-1.64 grams per hill, T2-2.46 grams per hill, T3-3.28 grams per hill and T4-control. NSIC Pn 2 (Biyaya 12) was the variety used in this research. Two seeds per hill were planted with the distance of 20 cm between hills and 90 cm between rows. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed the average number of pods per plant per plot per treatment; average number of seeds per pod per plot per treatment; total number of pods per plot per treatment and total weight of pods in kilogram per plot per treatment revealed that the Computed "f" was lesser than the tabulated "f" at both 5% (3.49) and 1% (5.95) levels of significance. In addition, ANOVA on the average number of pods per kilogram per plot per treatment revealed that the Computed "f" (5.19) was greater than the Tabulated "f" (3.49) at 5% level of significance. The result unveiled a significant difference.
The present study was planned to determine phytochemicals, antioxidants, and anxiogenic (anti-psy... more The present study was planned to determine phytochemicals, antioxidants, and anxiogenic (anti-psychotic) activity of methanol extract of Amomum aromaticum roxb. Leaves (MEAA) in the laboratory using both in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro antioxidant investigation was implemented by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, FeCl3 rfeducing power and total phenolic content study followed by established protocol described in previous. In vivo anxiogenic (anti-psychotic) activity was evaluated by Elevated Pluz Mazes (EPM) and Hole Board Test (HBT). The results showed the total phenolic content (36.56 ± 1.02 mg gallic acid/gm). In the anxiogenic activity, MEAA decreased the number of head dips in the hole-board test. In the case of the EPM test, this crude extract induced an antipsychotic like effect rather than the anxiolytic effect in mice. To conclude these results suggested that this plant is a moderate source of antioxidants and it is not toxic. The results also demonstrate that MEAA possesses potent anxiogenic activity which could be used therapeutically for sleep disorders like hypersomnia as well as anti-psychotic disorders.
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Papers by European Modern Studies Journal EMSJ