One hundred and seventy two men at the State of Thessaly, Greece, inquiring semen analysis were e... more One hundred and seventy two men at the State of Thessaly, Greece, inquiring semen analysis were enrolled in the study in order to investigate the incidence of Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma (C-U-M) genera in respect to total sperm number (TSN), progressive motility (grades a and b) and total motility (grades a, b and c). Putative relation of C-U-M acquirement with sexual behavior was also investigated. Incidence relation of C-U-M carriage to either oligozoospermia or asthenozoospermia was found. The tested semen parameters were negatively correlated to the age of sexual intercourse initiation and positively correlated to the number of sex partners. Early age of sexual correlated to C-U-M acquirement. Overall, TSN and motility (either progressive or total) undergoing semen evaluation. To distinguish the role of C-U-M in male infertility and clarify the so far controversial scarce literature, large control case studies are needed us
Introduction: The presentation of the different types of orchectomy from Antiquity until today in... more Introduction: The presentation of the different types of orchectomy from Antiquity until today in all geographical places, civilizations and religions. Methods: The review of historical sources, medical literature and secondary documents related to orchectomy. Results: The practice of castration has roots before recorded human history. Castration was frequently used in certain cultures for religious or social reasons, as well as the method of creating eunuchs. Ancient mythologies represent castration as an act of revenge to the enemies. After battles, winners castrated their captives or bodies of the defeated to symbolize their victory and "seize" their power. In Europe, young boys were castrated for several centuries to prevent the maturation of their voices and to develop a special high voice (castrati). Castration was also central in a number of religious cults. Some religions considered castration obligatory for some professions (harem keepers in Islam), others were strongly opposed to the practice. Medical needs also demanded orchectomy as surgical treatment in the case of orchitis, torsion and testicular cancer, or as hormone therapy in the case of prostate cancer in order to slow down the cancer. Conclusion: Either for cultural, religious or medical reasons, the operation of orchectomy has been ritually performed or designed, modified or redesigned according to the availability of technology and medical knowledge in every period.
Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9(6):561 3 received a combination of PNB plus GTN or PL respectively. With th... more Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9(6):561 3 received a combination of PNB plus GTN or PL respectively. With the use of a 10-point visual analog scale pain at 3 steps of the procedure was evaluated (VAS1=insertion of probe and measurement of prostate volume, VAS2=biopsy and VAS3= pain 30min after the procedure). Complications were recorded. results: The three groups were comparable in patient age, prostate volume and PSA. Patients in Group 1 had mean age of 64,7 ± 8,2 SD, mean prostate volume of 44,9 ± 15,6 SD and mean PSA value of 8,8 ± 4,3 SD. The respective values were 63,2 ± 10SD, 29,6 ± 17,3SD and 8,1 ± 4,7 SD for Group 2 and 67,3 ± 7,5 SD, 51,8 ± 26,3 SD, 11,7 ± 5,9 SD for group 3. VAS1 was significantly less in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (p=0,23 and p<0,00 respectively). There was no difference between Groups 2 and 3 ( p= 0,139). Group 3 presented smaller VAS2 values compared to Groups 1 and 2. This was significant between groups 2 and 3 (p=0,034) and almost significant between groups 1 and 3 (p=0.089). Group 3 also presented smaller VAS3 values than the other two groups. Further analysis of the differences of VAS1 values in subgroups of patients with respect to age and prostate volume showed that men under 65 years had significantly lower VAS1 in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1 (p=0,007 and p=0,003 respectively) and that men with prostate volume over 40cc in group 3 had significantly less VAS1 compared to the same subgroup of patients in groups 1 and 2 (p<0,00 and p=0,016 respectively).Patients in groups 1 and 3 reported no complications. Two patients in group2 reported headache and two reported transient dizziness. conclusions: The combination of PNB with either PL or GTN provides better pain control during the insertion of the probe compared to PNB alone. PL also contributes to the analgesic effect of PNB during the biopsy. The analgesic effect of PL and GTN is higher in younger men but PL also proves to have a positive analgesic effect in men with large prostate. PL proves to be safer than GTN. The cost and time that is needed for application of combined anesthesia are acceptable comparing to the better pain control that is provided.
One hundred and seventy two men at the State of Thessaly, Greece, inquiring semen analysis were e... more One hundred and seventy two men at the State of Thessaly, Greece, inquiring semen analysis were enrolled in the study in order to investigate the incidence of Chlamydia, Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma (C-U-M) genera in respect to total sperm number (TSN), progressive motility (grades a and b) and total motility (grades a, b and c). Putative relation of C-U-M acquirement with sexual behavior was also investigated. Incidence relation of C-U-M carriage to either oligozoospermia or asthenozoospermia was found. The tested semen parameters were negatively correlated to the age of sexual intercourse initiation and positively correlated to the number of sex partners. Early age of sexual correlated to C-U-M acquirement. Overall, TSN and motility (either progressive or total) undergoing semen evaluation. To distinguish the role of C-U-M in male infertility and clarify the so far controversial scarce literature, large control case studies are needed us
Introduction: The presentation of the different types of orchectomy from Antiquity until today in... more Introduction: The presentation of the different types of orchectomy from Antiquity until today in all geographical places, civilizations and religions. Methods: The review of historical sources, medical literature and secondary documents related to orchectomy. Results: The practice of castration has roots before recorded human history. Castration was frequently used in certain cultures for religious or social reasons, as well as the method of creating eunuchs. Ancient mythologies represent castration as an act of revenge to the enemies. After battles, winners castrated their captives or bodies of the defeated to symbolize their victory and "seize" their power. In Europe, young boys were castrated for several centuries to prevent the maturation of their voices and to develop a special high voice (castrati). Castration was also central in a number of religious cults. Some religions considered castration obligatory for some professions (harem keepers in Islam), others were strongly opposed to the practice. Medical needs also demanded orchectomy as surgical treatment in the case of orchitis, torsion and testicular cancer, or as hormone therapy in the case of prostate cancer in order to slow down the cancer. Conclusion: Either for cultural, religious or medical reasons, the operation of orchectomy has been ritually performed or designed, modified or redesigned according to the availability of technology and medical knowledge in every period.
Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9(6):561 3 received a combination of PNB plus GTN or PL respectively. With th... more Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9(6):561 3 received a combination of PNB plus GTN or PL respectively. With the use of a 10-point visual analog scale pain at 3 steps of the procedure was evaluated (VAS1=insertion of probe and measurement of prostate volume, VAS2=biopsy and VAS3= pain 30min after the procedure). Complications were recorded. results: The three groups were comparable in patient age, prostate volume and PSA. Patients in Group 1 had mean age of 64,7 ± 8,2 SD, mean prostate volume of 44,9 ± 15,6 SD and mean PSA value of 8,8 ± 4,3 SD. The respective values were 63,2 ± 10SD, 29,6 ± 17,3SD and 8,1 ± 4,7 SD for Group 2 and 67,3 ± 7,5 SD, 51,8 ± 26,3 SD, 11,7 ± 5,9 SD for group 3. VAS1 was significantly less in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (p=0,23 and p<0,00 respectively). There was no difference between Groups 2 and 3 ( p= 0,139). Group 3 presented smaller VAS2 values compared to Groups 1 and 2. This was significant between groups 2 and 3 (p=0,034) and almost significant between groups 1 and 3 (p=0.089). Group 3 also presented smaller VAS3 values than the other two groups. Further analysis of the differences of VAS1 values in subgroups of patients with respect to age and prostate volume showed that men under 65 years had significantly lower VAS1 in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1 (p=0,007 and p=0,003 respectively) and that men with prostate volume over 40cc in group 3 had significantly less VAS1 compared to the same subgroup of patients in groups 1 and 2 (p<0,00 and p=0,016 respectively).Patients in groups 1 and 3 reported no complications. Two patients in group2 reported headache and two reported transient dizziness. conclusions: The combination of PNB with either PL or GTN provides better pain control during the insertion of the probe compared to PNB alone. PL also contributes to the analgesic effect of PNB during the biopsy. The analgesic effect of PL and GTN is higher in younger men but PL also proves to have a positive analgesic effect in men with large prostate. PL proves to be safer than GTN. The cost and time that is needed for application of combined anesthesia are acceptable comparing to the better pain control that is provided.
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