This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Li... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewable energ... more Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewable energy, mainly by using solar irradiation for heat and electricity. Quantification of the solar potential by means of a solar map is the first step in the acceleration process for using more solar energy in our urban environments. A solar map is a GIS system providing the annual solar irradiation on building surfaces, mostly accompanied by information of the output of solar thermal or photovoltaic systems. Many solar maps are already in place today; almost all of them are however using different approaches. In this paper, an analysis is done of current solar maps in order to see on which principles the solar maps were based upon.
A broad variety of instruments like standards, taxes, subsidies and informational campaigns is us... more A broad variety of instruments like standards, taxes, subsidies and informational campaigns is used in Europe to influence the energy consumption for residential space heating. Within the project EPISODE the existing instruments in countries in the northern and moderate climatic zones have been analysed with a focus on The Netherlands, France, Denmark, Sweden and Germany have been analysed. In these countries space heating accounts for about 70% of the residential energy consumption. The effectiveness of the applied instruments has been analysed by an international empirical analysis based on survey data. Additionally the results of the empirical analysis have been compared with the results of a building simulation model in order to confirm or negate the empirical results. The analysed instruments lead to a decrease in energy consumption per square meter dwelling area. Especially standards have shown a strong influence on the energy reduction in the past. The analysis has also shown that the i nfluence of taxes is very small in the short-term. A comparison of the energy consumption for space heating between the participating countries has also shown that there is still a conside rable potential for energy savings. Future policies in the field should combine a bundle of i nstruments to achieve substantial emission reductions at low costs. Emission taxes as economically efficient instrument play thereby an important role, but also flexible standards are important for new dwellings. Subsidies and informational measures are particular important to activate energy efficiency potentials in the existing building stock.
Description d'un projet de chauffage solaire de 550 maisons a Lyckebo, 13 km au Nord d'Up... more Description d'un projet de chauffage solaire de 550 maisons a Lyckebo, 13 km au Nord d'Uppsala, avec un stockage saisonnier d'eau chaude de 100 000 m 3 dans une excavation souterraine en forme d'anneau
In order to analyze different systems with combinations of solar collectors and ground source hea... more In order to analyze different systems with combinations of solar collectors and ground source heat pumps, computer simulations have been carried out with the simulation program TRNSYS. The advantage of using solar heat was studied and compared for different systems with varied depths of the borehole for a single family dwelling in Sweden.
ABSTRACT Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewa... more ABSTRACT Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewable energy, mainly by using solar irradiation for heat and electricity. Quantification of the solar potential by means of a solar map is the first step in the acceleration process for using more solar energy in our urban environments. A solar map is a GIS system providing the annual solar irradiation on building surfaces, mostly accompanied by information of the output of solar thermal or photovoltaic systems. Many solar maps are already in place today; almost all of them are however using different approaches. In this paper, an analysis is done of current solar maps in order to see on which principles the solar maps were based upon.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Li... more This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewable energ... more Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewable energy, mainly by using solar irradiation for heat and electricity. Quantification of the solar potential by means of a solar map is the first step in the acceleration process for using more solar energy in our urban environments. A solar map is a GIS system providing the annual solar irradiation on building surfaces, mostly accompanied by information of the output of solar thermal or photovoltaic systems. Many solar maps are already in place today; almost all of them are however using different approaches. In this paper, an analysis is done of current solar maps in order to see on which principles the solar maps were based upon.
A broad variety of instruments like standards, taxes, subsidies and informational campaigns is us... more A broad variety of instruments like standards, taxes, subsidies and informational campaigns is used in Europe to influence the energy consumption for residential space heating. Within the project EPISODE the existing instruments in countries in the northern and moderate climatic zones have been analysed with a focus on The Netherlands, France, Denmark, Sweden and Germany have been analysed. In these countries space heating accounts for about 70% of the residential energy consumption. The effectiveness of the applied instruments has been analysed by an international empirical analysis based on survey data. Additionally the results of the empirical analysis have been compared with the results of a building simulation model in order to confirm or negate the empirical results. The analysed instruments lead to a decrease in energy consumption per square meter dwelling area. Especially standards have shown a strong influence on the energy reduction in the past. The analysis has also shown that the i nfluence of taxes is very small in the short-term. A comparison of the energy consumption for space heating between the participating countries has also shown that there is still a conside rable potential for energy savings. Future policies in the field should combine a bundle of i nstruments to achieve substantial emission reductions at low costs. Emission taxes as economically efficient instrument play thereby an important role, but also flexible standards are important for new dwellings. Subsidies and informational measures are particular important to activate energy efficiency potentials in the existing building stock.
Description d'un projet de chauffage solaire de 550 maisons a Lyckebo, 13 km au Nord d'Up... more Description d'un projet de chauffage solaire de 550 maisons a Lyckebo, 13 km au Nord d'Uppsala, avec un stockage saisonnier d'eau chaude de 100 000 m 3 dans une excavation souterraine en forme d'anneau
In order to analyze different systems with combinations of solar collectors and ground source hea... more In order to analyze different systems with combinations of solar collectors and ground source heat pumps, computer simulations have been carried out with the simulation program TRNSYS. The advantage of using solar heat was studied and compared for different systems with varied depths of the borehole for a single family dwelling in Sweden.
ABSTRACT Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewa... more ABSTRACT Our existing urban environment has a significant potential to increase the use of renewable energy, mainly by using solar irradiation for heat and electricity. Quantification of the solar potential by means of a solar map is the first step in the acceleration process for using more solar energy in our urban environments. A solar map is a GIS system providing the annual solar irradiation on building surfaces, mostly accompanied by information of the output of solar thermal or photovoltaic systems. Many solar maps are already in place today; almost all of them are however using different approaches. In this paper, an analysis is done of current solar maps in order to see on which principles the solar maps were based upon.
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