Community and national regulations impose to do not discharge harbor sediments into the sea witho... more Community and national regulations impose to do not discharge harbor sediments into the sea without first measured the level of pollution and assessed the risk of impacts on the marine environment by the use of ecotoxicity tests on marine species. If the immersion is impossible, sediment has to be directed to inland areas where they have the status of waste. Then, it must identify whether the waste is hazardous or not. The H14 "ecotoxic" property of the EU Waste Directive, which is conventionally used for the characterization of hazardous waste in case of multiple contaminations, can be applied to sediments. In case of strong positive response to ecotoxicity tests on terrestrial species, the sediment must be managed as a hazardous waste and it must be oriented to regulated waste storage sites. For sediments that do not have a significant toxicity, two alternatives are available for the decision makers: the deposit of sediment in landfills or the valorization of sediments a...
This study aims to assess the potentiality of biomass production and availability for energy syst... more This study aims to assess the potentiality of biomass production and availability for energy systems based on woody biomass, with the use of a geoprospective approach. The methodology takes into account the impact of the global warming on the Net Primary Productivity and the vegetation structure towards 2050, and the assessment of urban dynamic in order to identify the future areas of energy demand. Our results show that Mediterranean forest may be more vulnerable due to the increase of temperatures that may affect the mortality of the trees and shrubs, and the structure of the ecosystems due to the colonization of more xerophilous species in the inner valleys and hills. In some parts of the Alpes-Maritimes (French Riviera), these changes may affect the biomass production and, in consequence, the availability of the resource for the supply chain. The current development of the urbanization in the valleys and in the central part of the territory, which will be emphasized in the futur...
Cet ouvrage part du double constat que la notion de retour d’experience connait encore une plural... more Cet ouvrage part du double constat que la notion de retour d’experience connait encore une pluralite de definitions. Il n’existe aujourd’hui pas encore d’ouvrage de reference sur ce sujet. Meme si de nombreux articles sont publies dans des revues specialisees ainsi que dans les ouvrages generaux ils ne traitent le plus souvent que partiellement du sujet.
Proceedings of the fourth Resilience Engineering Symposium
While it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Safety and Healt... more While it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is carried out by means of management systems, the question of how to measure the performance and control of these systems is still current. Uncertainties related to their operation and the difficulty of gathering information about their level of performance makes control of performance variability a challenge. This article addresses this problem. It is in three parts. The first part outlines the general context. It describes traditional health and safety indicators, the links between processes in management systems and establishes the requirements of resilience engineering. An a d v a n c e d indicators model is proposed. The second part describes the Balanced Scorecard tool. An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) B a l a n c e d Scorecard model is built using the control of regulatory compliance subprocess. The final part presents some specific examples of compliance control indicators, which are the results of an experiment carried out in a French aerospace company. 1 BACKGROUND This first section discusses the concept of the safety indicator. First the general concept is defined. Then it is demonstrated that traditional safety indicators are in many ways lacking when it comes to proactive safety management. We then show the sub-processes
Capture, Transport and storage of CO2 (CTSC) is a novel technology for mitigating CO2 emissions i... more Capture, Transport and storage of CO2 (CTSC) is a novel technology for mitigating CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and reduce the climate change impacts on ecosystems, human beings and natural resources. However, potential technical, environmental, health, safety and social risks associated with CTSC activities should be studied in order to reassure the stakeholders that CTSC will not have adverse effects on human beings and environment. CTSC can be considered as a complex socio-technical system, for which traditional risk management approaches are not appropriate. An integrated approach is required for risk management of CTSC. The integrated approach should cover the interactions of capture, transport and storage, as well as the technical, organizational and human aspects of risk. The purpose is to evaluate the performance of safety control system in CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage chain. The idea is to develop a dynamic risk management framework by modeling the principal variabl...
Crisis management aims to implement precautions of anticipation, vigilance and intervention to me... more Crisis management aims to implement precautions of anticipation, vigilance and intervention to meet the targets. It is based on a specific tool called "crisis cell" also based on Crisis Management Plans. Crisis Management Plans are formalized in order to provide to the organizations a structured tool, where the staff involved into the crisis cell can find information and procedures. Usually, the Crisis Management Plans are tested with the preparation of exercises that can involve the Industries, the Civil Protection and the Municipalities. The improvements of these plans are based on the feedback experience from real or simulated events. However, the study of feedback experience according to real crisis show these plans do not guarantee an optimal performance of crisis cells and crisis management process. Crisis cells may become particularly weak and unable to fulfil their missions according to their own points of vulnerability. This fact underlines the importance of the i...
Lo studio relativo alla deinizione della vulnerabilità sistemica causata dalla eventuale chiusura... more Lo studio relativo alla deinizione della vulnerabilità sistemica causata dalla eventuale chiusura del traforo del Fréjus si è focalizzato sulle conseguenze dell'accadimento di un eventuale incidente o evento calamitoso sulle infrastrutture di trasporto autostradale in prossimità del tunnel. Tale limitata area di indagine, però, è parte in realtà di un sistema più complesso. La deinizione della vulnerabilità sistemica, infatti, implica la conoscenza della complessità strutturale di un sistema a rete più ampio ed è intrinseca al funzionamento della rete stessa al ine di identiicare la propensione, maggiore o minore, del 8
This paper aims to present a Decision Support System (DSS) for the detection and monitoring of Ha... more This paper aims to present a Decision Support System (DSS) for the detection and monitoring of Hazardous Material (hazmat) transportation on the road infrastructure Nice-Imperia-Savona between France and Italy developed in the TMD-NIS Interreg IIIA Alcotra Project. The final objective of the TMD-NIS project is to determine the most effective information and communication technologies and common operation strategies applicable in hazmat management in order to minimize the hazmat transport risk and to improve the road infrastructure safety conditions. An integrated and comparative assessment of two alternative technologies has been performed by the partners of the project: an image processing system to identify the ONU codes on the hazmat plates installed on each truck has been tested in France, while an on-board computer system to store and transmit information related to the hazmat physical conditions, vehicle's locations and performance measures has been implemented in Italy. The collaboration between the different research institutions and the complementarities of the two specific approaches to define and monitor the hazmat vehicle flows allow comparison and validation of the acquired data related to the type, the amount and the itineraries of the hazmat vehicles which cover the trans-border road infrastructures daily. At present, the TMD-NIS project also provides a GIS utility, available on the web, to track in real-time hazmat vehicles, to analyse data about hazmat flows and to visualize the risk index for the highway from the toolbar barriers of St. Isidore (Nice) to the Ventimille.
Congrès Lambda Mu 19 de Maîtrise des Risques et Sûreté de Fonctionnement, 2015
La finalité de l'article est de présenter les résultats d'un travail de recherche visant à dévelo... more La finalité de l'article est de présenter les résultats d'un travail de recherche visant à développer l'environnement IMPACT constitué d'une méthode et d'une boite à outils visant à soutenir les pratiques d'anticipation des conséquences d'un changement sur la performance de sécurité d'une organisation. Trois résultats sont présentés. Le premier est relatif à une synthèse bibliographique visant à caractériser les dimensions essentielles de la performance de sécurité d'un système sociotechnique. Le deuxième est relatif à un ensemble d'indicateurs d'évaluation de ces dimensions essentielles. Le troisième est un cadre méthodologique permettant de conduire une démarche d'étude des conséquences du changement sur la performance de sécurité.
While it has been established for many years that the management of occupational Health and Safet... more While it has been established for many years that the management of occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is carried out by means of Management Systems, the question of how to measure the performance and the control of these systems is still current. This article addresses this problem, and discusses the contribution of the use of advanced indicators integrated into a Balanced Scorecard. Traditionally, the performance indicators used to measure the performance of Management Systems are: the frequency and severity of absences due to sickness, and work-related diseases. These traditional, retrospective indicators have several constraints and limitations which include the fact that they are based on historical results and cannot be used proactively to handle anomalous situations. The use of the concept of the Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton, 1996) applied to the field of OHS management responds in part to deficiencies identified in the sole use of traditional OHS indicators. A case study of the OHS Balanced Scorecard applied to two key health and safety management processes (regulatory compliance and risk management) is described as part of an experiment with a company in the aerospace sector.
CO 2 emission of industrial facilities is a major cause of climate change that affects the ecosys... more CO 2 emission of industrial facilities is a major cause of climate change that affects the ecosystems, human beings and environment. Capture, Transport and Storage of CO 2 (CTSC) is a novel technology of mitigating the impacts of climate change. The uncertainties concerning long term reliability of CTSC technology give rise to the significance of risk assessment for CTSC activities. Since CTSC is a complex sociotechnical system, traditional risk assessment approaches are not appropriate for CTSC. Lessons learned of industrial accidents show that a combination of technical, organizational and human aspects of risk results in occurrence of accidents. Therefore, we recommend to develop an integrated risk analysis framework for CTSC chain. The framework is developed by modeling CTSC chain by system dynamics approach. System dynamics is a support for risk assessment that allows understanding the interactions of CTSC system's elements in the first step, and then study the behavior of the system over time both in normal operation mode and in case of a failure or deviance. In this paper, the methodology is explained in detail, and the application of the methodology for an integrated CTSC project is discussed.
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2010
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the definition and the implementation of a simplified mathema... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the definition and the implementation of a simplified mathematical model to estimate the hazard and the risk related to the use of high‐pressurized hydrogen pipeline.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to investigate the effects of different hydrogen operations conditions and to tackle with different release or failure scenarios. Based on the combination of empirical relations and analytical models, this paper sets the basis for suitable models for consequence analysis in terms of estimating fire length and of predicting its thermal radiation. The results are compared either with experimental data available in the literature, thus by setting the same operations and failure conditions, or with other conventional gaseous fuel currently used.FindingsThe findings show that the release rate increasingly varies according to the supply pressure. Regarding the effect of the hole diameter, it hugely affects the amount of hydrogen escaping from the l...
Crisis management has become an essential activity for all public and private organizations. Cris... more Crisis management has become an essential activity for all public and private organizations. Crisis management is most often based on a specific tool called "crisis cell". This paper aims to implement the precautions of anticipation, vigilance and intervention to meet the targets. Recent studies indicate that for over 50 years, catastrophic events have increased. In France, the crisis management plans are deployed to ensure an optimal state of readiness in case of a crisis. However, these plans do not guarantee optimal performance of crisis units. Crisis cells may become particularly vulnerable, and unable to fulfill their missions according to each event. This article proposes a method, primarily based on systems thinking to understand the vulnerability of the crisis cell and assess the performance of crisis management at the municipal level.
This paper aims to develop a system dynamics model in order to formalize causal interdependencies... more This paper aims to develop a system dynamics model in order to formalize causal interdependencies between safety factors (technical, organizational and human). These factors define safety conditions in a complex industrial system. It is a systemic approach founded on the method of system dynamics and the case study is a storage unit for chemical products located in Morocco. System dynamics using VENSIM® software has been applied to assess the safety of the storage unit by modeling the activity of the industrial system. Through simulation, users can define deviant scenarios in order to improve safety of the industrial system and implement managerial tools involving organizational, technical and human factors.
On a frequency, depending on their size, small celestial bodies enter into the Earth atmosphere a... more On a frequency, depending on their size, small celestial bodies enter into the Earth atmosphere and collide with our planet. On a daily basis, the size is likely to be about 20 cm, while for monthly events the largest it may be is about 1 m. The last significant witnessed event occurred in 1908 in the Siberian area of the Tunguska. The forest was devastated over an area of 2000 km 2. According to recent estimates, this kind of event could occur with a frequency of one per hundred to thousand years. Since the last century, the demography and the urbanisation have significantly increased. Although the probability that such an event occurs over a populated area remains small, if this happened, it could cause significant damages (industrial, shopping centres, recreational places, etc.). From the analysis of the data on meteorites that have impacted the Earth, of the orbital and size properties of small threatening bodies as well as their potential impact outcome, this paper proposes a methodology to estimate the damage resulting from the impact of objects of given sizes. The considered sizes are up to the maximum threshold for local damages (less than a hundred metres in diameter) on some given territory. This approach is based on an initial definition phase of collision scenarios. Then, a second phase consisting of the accurate modelling of the territory, taking into account the land-use, the spatial distribution of the populations and goods, and the characterisation of the biophysical vulnerability of the stakes using thresholds of dangerous phenomena (overpressures). The third phase is related to the impact simulation on the territory, the estimation of the stakes potentially exposed and the costs of the destruction. The aim of this paper is to make a demonstration of principle, using as a study case the city of Nice that benefits from a complete database of infrastructures.
1. In many places in Europe, trees are currently far below their theoretical altitudinal limit be... more 1. In many places in Europe, trees are currently far below their theoretical altitudinal limit because of past land use. However, under the current crisis affecting mountain agriculture, trees are likely to recolonize the subalpine belt. Addressing the societal issues associated with such landscape change requires predictive tools to assess vegetation dynamics in relation to management strategies. This study aims to analyse the factors determining tree dynamics at the subalpine ecotone and to evaluate the impact of land-use change on landscape vegetation patterns. 2. We developed a hierarchical scaling approach and applied it to a European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) colonization in the French Alps. Our landscape case study focused on subalpine south-facing grasslands of Villar d'Arêne (France). First, we used a habitat-suitability model to delineate the climatic suitability habitats of larch in the French Alps. Then we used a landscape model (LaMoS) to determine whether larch is able to colonize these grasslands predicted to be climatically suitable, considering land use and local vegetation. The sensitivity of landscape colonization patterns to land-use scenarios (abandonment, delayed mowing or traditional mowing) and biological attributes of larch were analysed with a factorial simulation experiment. 3. The accuracy of the habitat-suitability model at the French Alps scale allowed for the prediction that the grasslands of Villar d'Arêne were highly suitable for larch. 4. Simulations highlighted the effect of land use on larch establishment at the local but not at the landscape scale. On the other hand, larch attributes such as dispersal capacity, juvenile tolerance to light interaction (competition and facilitation) and its capacity to survive on infertile soil were shown as essential for tree spatial dynamics. 5. Synthesis and applications. Combining a habitat-suitability model with a spatially and temporally explicit landscape model enhances the capacity to account for environmental factors acting at different overlapping scales. This modelling strategy increases the robustness and accuracy of predictions, a prerequisite for landscape management in a global change context. We conclude that ongoing and future agri-environmental policies have to be quickly adapted to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by subalpine grasslands.
L'esplosione di una cisterna di propano a Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (France) nel 1973, ha causato 9 mo... more L'esplosione di una cisterna di propano a Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (France) nel 1973, ha causato 9 morti et 45 feriti e distrutto 9 veicoli e 13 case. Quella di propylène à Los Alfaquès (Spagna) nel 1978 in prossimità d'un camping, ha provocato 216 morts et 200 feriti. L'esplosione di una cisterna d'ammoniaca a Dakar (Sénégal) nel 1992 ha causato la morte di 129 persone e ne ha ferite altre 1150. L'incendio di alcuni vagoni di idrocarburi a La-Voulte-sur-Rhône (France) nel 1993 ha totalmente distrutto 5 case e ha prodotto al meno 70 milioni di 2
Community and national regulations impose to do not discharge harbor sediments into the sea witho... more Community and national regulations impose to do not discharge harbor sediments into the sea without first measured the level of pollution and assessed the risk of impacts on the marine environment by the use of ecotoxicity tests on marine species. If the immersion is impossible, sediment has to be directed to inland areas where they have the status of waste. Then, it must identify whether the waste is hazardous or not. The H14 "ecotoxic" property of the EU Waste Directive, which is conventionally used for the characterization of hazardous waste in case of multiple contaminations, can be applied to sediments. In case of strong positive response to ecotoxicity tests on terrestrial species, the sediment must be managed as a hazardous waste and it must be oriented to regulated waste storage sites. For sediments that do not have a significant toxicity, two alternatives are available for the decision makers: the deposit of sediment in landfills or the valorization of sediments a...
This study aims to assess the potentiality of biomass production and availability for energy syst... more This study aims to assess the potentiality of biomass production and availability for energy systems based on woody biomass, with the use of a geoprospective approach. The methodology takes into account the impact of the global warming on the Net Primary Productivity and the vegetation structure towards 2050, and the assessment of urban dynamic in order to identify the future areas of energy demand. Our results show that Mediterranean forest may be more vulnerable due to the increase of temperatures that may affect the mortality of the trees and shrubs, and the structure of the ecosystems due to the colonization of more xerophilous species in the inner valleys and hills. In some parts of the Alpes-Maritimes (French Riviera), these changes may affect the biomass production and, in consequence, the availability of the resource for the supply chain. The current development of the urbanization in the valleys and in the central part of the territory, which will be emphasized in the futur...
Cet ouvrage part du double constat que la notion de retour d’experience connait encore une plural... more Cet ouvrage part du double constat que la notion de retour d’experience connait encore une pluralite de definitions. Il n’existe aujourd’hui pas encore d’ouvrage de reference sur ce sujet. Meme si de nombreux articles sont publies dans des revues specialisees ainsi que dans les ouvrages generaux ils ne traitent le plus souvent que partiellement du sujet.
Proceedings of the fourth Resilience Engineering Symposium
While it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Safety and Healt... more While it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is carried out by means of management systems, the question of how to measure the performance and control of these systems is still current. Uncertainties related to their operation and the difficulty of gathering information about their level of performance makes control of performance variability a challenge. This article addresses this problem. It is in three parts. The first part outlines the general context. It describes traditional health and safety indicators, the links between processes in management systems and establishes the requirements of resilience engineering. An a d v a n c e d indicators model is proposed. The second part describes the Balanced Scorecard tool. An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) B a l a n c e d Scorecard model is built using the control of regulatory compliance subprocess. The final part presents some specific examples of compliance control indicators, which are the results of an experiment carried out in a French aerospace company. 1 BACKGROUND This first section discusses the concept of the safety indicator. First the general concept is defined. Then it is demonstrated that traditional safety indicators are in many ways lacking when it comes to proactive safety management. We then show the sub-processes
Capture, Transport and storage of CO2 (CTSC) is a novel technology for mitigating CO2 emissions i... more Capture, Transport and storage of CO2 (CTSC) is a novel technology for mitigating CO2 emissions in the atmosphere and reduce the climate change impacts on ecosystems, human beings and natural resources. However, potential technical, environmental, health, safety and social risks associated with CTSC activities should be studied in order to reassure the stakeholders that CTSC will not have adverse effects on human beings and environment. CTSC can be considered as a complex socio-technical system, for which traditional risk management approaches are not appropriate. An integrated approach is required for risk management of CTSC. The integrated approach should cover the interactions of capture, transport and storage, as well as the technical, organizational and human aspects of risk. The purpose is to evaluate the performance of safety control system in CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage chain. The idea is to develop a dynamic risk management framework by modeling the principal variabl...
Crisis management aims to implement precautions of anticipation, vigilance and intervention to me... more Crisis management aims to implement precautions of anticipation, vigilance and intervention to meet the targets. It is based on a specific tool called "crisis cell" also based on Crisis Management Plans. Crisis Management Plans are formalized in order to provide to the organizations a structured tool, where the staff involved into the crisis cell can find information and procedures. Usually, the Crisis Management Plans are tested with the preparation of exercises that can involve the Industries, the Civil Protection and the Municipalities. The improvements of these plans are based on the feedback experience from real or simulated events. However, the study of feedback experience according to real crisis show these plans do not guarantee an optimal performance of crisis cells and crisis management process. Crisis cells may become particularly weak and unable to fulfil their missions according to their own points of vulnerability. This fact underlines the importance of the i...
Lo studio relativo alla deinizione della vulnerabilità sistemica causata dalla eventuale chiusura... more Lo studio relativo alla deinizione della vulnerabilità sistemica causata dalla eventuale chiusura del traforo del Fréjus si è focalizzato sulle conseguenze dell'accadimento di un eventuale incidente o evento calamitoso sulle infrastrutture di trasporto autostradale in prossimità del tunnel. Tale limitata area di indagine, però, è parte in realtà di un sistema più complesso. La deinizione della vulnerabilità sistemica, infatti, implica la conoscenza della complessità strutturale di un sistema a rete più ampio ed è intrinseca al funzionamento della rete stessa al ine di identiicare la propensione, maggiore o minore, del 8
This paper aims to present a Decision Support System (DSS) for the detection and monitoring of Ha... more This paper aims to present a Decision Support System (DSS) for the detection and monitoring of Hazardous Material (hazmat) transportation on the road infrastructure Nice-Imperia-Savona between France and Italy developed in the TMD-NIS Interreg IIIA Alcotra Project. The final objective of the TMD-NIS project is to determine the most effective information and communication technologies and common operation strategies applicable in hazmat management in order to minimize the hazmat transport risk and to improve the road infrastructure safety conditions. An integrated and comparative assessment of two alternative technologies has been performed by the partners of the project: an image processing system to identify the ONU codes on the hazmat plates installed on each truck has been tested in France, while an on-board computer system to store and transmit information related to the hazmat physical conditions, vehicle's locations and performance measures has been implemented in Italy. The collaboration between the different research institutions and the complementarities of the two specific approaches to define and monitor the hazmat vehicle flows allow comparison and validation of the acquired data related to the type, the amount and the itineraries of the hazmat vehicles which cover the trans-border road infrastructures daily. At present, the TMD-NIS project also provides a GIS utility, available on the web, to track in real-time hazmat vehicles, to analyse data about hazmat flows and to visualize the risk index for the highway from the toolbar barriers of St. Isidore (Nice) to the Ventimille.
Congrès Lambda Mu 19 de Maîtrise des Risques et Sûreté de Fonctionnement, 2015
La finalité de l'article est de présenter les résultats d'un travail de recherche visant à dévelo... more La finalité de l'article est de présenter les résultats d'un travail de recherche visant à développer l'environnement IMPACT constitué d'une méthode et d'une boite à outils visant à soutenir les pratiques d'anticipation des conséquences d'un changement sur la performance de sécurité d'une organisation. Trois résultats sont présentés. Le premier est relatif à une synthèse bibliographique visant à caractériser les dimensions essentielles de la performance de sécurité d'un système sociotechnique. Le deuxième est relatif à un ensemble d'indicateurs d'évaluation de ces dimensions essentielles. Le troisième est un cadre méthodologique permettant de conduire une démarche d'étude des conséquences du changement sur la performance de sécurité.
While it has been established for many years that the management of occupational Health and Safet... more While it has been established for many years that the management of occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is carried out by means of Management Systems, the question of how to measure the performance and the control of these systems is still current. This article addresses this problem, and discusses the contribution of the use of advanced indicators integrated into a Balanced Scorecard. Traditionally, the performance indicators used to measure the performance of Management Systems are: the frequency and severity of absences due to sickness, and work-related diseases. These traditional, retrospective indicators have several constraints and limitations which include the fact that they are based on historical results and cannot be used proactively to handle anomalous situations. The use of the concept of the Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton, 1996) applied to the field of OHS management responds in part to deficiencies identified in the sole use of traditional OHS indicators. A case study of the OHS Balanced Scorecard applied to two key health and safety management processes (regulatory compliance and risk management) is described as part of an experiment with a company in the aerospace sector.
CO 2 emission of industrial facilities is a major cause of climate change that affects the ecosys... more CO 2 emission of industrial facilities is a major cause of climate change that affects the ecosystems, human beings and environment. Capture, Transport and Storage of CO 2 (CTSC) is a novel technology of mitigating the impacts of climate change. The uncertainties concerning long term reliability of CTSC technology give rise to the significance of risk assessment for CTSC activities. Since CTSC is a complex sociotechnical system, traditional risk assessment approaches are not appropriate for CTSC. Lessons learned of industrial accidents show that a combination of technical, organizational and human aspects of risk results in occurrence of accidents. Therefore, we recommend to develop an integrated risk analysis framework for CTSC chain. The framework is developed by modeling CTSC chain by system dynamics approach. System dynamics is a support for risk assessment that allows understanding the interactions of CTSC system's elements in the first step, and then study the behavior of the system over time both in normal operation mode and in case of a failure or deviance. In this paper, the methodology is explained in detail, and the application of the methodology for an integrated CTSC project is discussed.
Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 2010
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the definition and the implementation of a simplified mathema... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is the definition and the implementation of a simplified mathematical model to estimate the hazard and the risk related to the use of high‐pressurized hydrogen pipeline.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to investigate the effects of different hydrogen operations conditions and to tackle with different release or failure scenarios. Based on the combination of empirical relations and analytical models, this paper sets the basis for suitable models for consequence analysis in terms of estimating fire length and of predicting its thermal radiation. The results are compared either with experimental data available in the literature, thus by setting the same operations and failure conditions, or with other conventional gaseous fuel currently used.FindingsThe findings show that the release rate increasingly varies according to the supply pressure. Regarding the effect of the hole diameter, it hugely affects the amount of hydrogen escaping from the l...
Crisis management has become an essential activity for all public and private organizations. Cris... more Crisis management has become an essential activity for all public and private organizations. Crisis management is most often based on a specific tool called "crisis cell". This paper aims to implement the precautions of anticipation, vigilance and intervention to meet the targets. Recent studies indicate that for over 50 years, catastrophic events have increased. In France, the crisis management plans are deployed to ensure an optimal state of readiness in case of a crisis. However, these plans do not guarantee optimal performance of crisis units. Crisis cells may become particularly vulnerable, and unable to fulfill their missions according to each event. This article proposes a method, primarily based on systems thinking to understand the vulnerability of the crisis cell and assess the performance of crisis management at the municipal level.
This paper aims to develop a system dynamics model in order to formalize causal interdependencies... more This paper aims to develop a system dynamics model in order to formalize causal interdependencies between safety factors (technical, organizational and human). These factors define safety conditions in a complex industrial system. It is a systemic approach founded on the method of system dynamics and the case study is a storage unit for chemical products located in Morocco. System dynamics using VENSIM® software has been applied to assess the safety of the storage unit by modeling the activity of the industrial system. Through simulation, users can define deviant scenarios in order to improve safety of the industrial system and implement managerial tools involving organizational, technical and human factors.
On a frequency, depending on their size, small celestial bodies enter into the Earth atmosphere a... more On a frequency, depending on their size, small celestial bodies enter into the Earth atmosphere and collide with our planet. On a daily basis, the size is likely to be about 20 cm, while for monthly events the largest it may be is about 1 m. The last significant witnessed event occurred in 1908 in the Siberian area of the Tunguska. The forest was devastated over an area of 2000 km 2. According to recent estimates, this kind of event could occur with a frequency of one per hundred to thousand years. Since the last century, the demography and the urbanisation have significantly increased. Although the probability that such an event occurs over a populated area remains small, if this happened, it could cause significant damages (industrial, shopping centres, recreational places, etc.). From the analysis of the data on meteorites that have impacted the Earth, of the orbital and size properties of small threatening bodies as well as their potential impact outcome, this paper proposes a methodology to estimate the damage resulting from the impact of objects of given sizes. The considered sizes are up to the maximum threshold for local damages (less than a hundred metres in diameter) on some given territory. This approach is based on an initial definition phase of collision scenarios. Then, a second phase consisting of the accurate modelling of the territory, taking into account the land-use, the spatial distribution of the populations and goods, and the characterisation of the biophysical vulnerability of the stakes using thresholds of dangerous phenomena (overpressures). The third phase is related to the impact simulation on the territory, the estimation of the stakes potentially exposed and the costs of the destruction. The aim of this paper is to make a demonstration of principle, using as a study case the city of Nice that benefits from a complete database of infrastructures.
1. In many places in Europe, trees are currently far below their theoretical altitudinal limit be... more 1. In many places in Europe, trees are currently far below their theoretical altitudinal limit because of past land use. However, under the current crisis affecting mountain agriculture, trees are likely to recolonize the subalpine belt. Addressing the societal issues associated with such landscape change requires predictive tools to assess vegetation dynamics in relation to management strategies. This study aims to analyse the factors determining tree dynamics at the subalpine ecotone and to evaluate the impact of land-use change on landscape vegetation patterns. 2. We developed a hierarchical scaling approach and applied it to a European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) colonization in the French Alps. Our landscape case study focused on subalpine south-facing grasslands of Villar d'Arêne (France). First, we used a habitat-suitability model to delineate the climatic suitability habitats of larch in the French Alps. Then we used a landscape model (LaMoS) to determine whether larch is able to colonize these grasslands predicted to be climatically suitable, considering land use and local vegetation. The sensitivity of landscape colonization patterns to land-use scenarios (abandonment, delayed mowing or traditional mowing) and biological attributes of larch were analysed with a factorial simulation experiment. 3. The accuracy of the habitat-suitability model at the French Alps scale allowed for the prediction that the grasslands of Villar d'Arêne were highly suitable for larch. 4. Simulations highlighted the effect of land use on larch establishment at the local but not at the landscape scale. On the other hand, larch attributes such as dispersal capacity, juvenile tolerance to light interaction (competition and facilitation) and its capacity to survive on infertile soil were shown as essential for tree spatial dynamics. 5. Synthesis and applications. Combining a habitat-suitability model with a spatially and temporally explicit landscape model enhances the capacity to account for environmental factors acting at different overlapping scales. This modelling strategy increases the robustness and accuracy of predictions, a prerequisite for landscape management in a global change context. We conclude that ongoing and future agri-environmental policies have to be quickly adapted to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by subalpine grasslands.
L'esplosione di una cisterna di propano a Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (France) nel 1973, ha causato 9 mo... more L'esplosione di una cisterna di propano a Saint-Amand-les-Eaux (France) nel 1973, ha causato 9 morti et 45 feriti e distrutto 9 veicoli e 13 case. Quella di propylène à Los Alfaquès (Spagna) nel 1978 in prossimità d'un camping, ha provocato 216 morts et 200 feriti. L'esplosione di una cisterna d'ammoniaca a Dakar (Sénégal) nel 1992 ha causato la morte di 129 persone e ne ha ferite altre 1150. L'incendio di alcuni vagoni di idrocarburi a La-Voulte-sur-Rhône (France) nel 1993 ha totalmente distrutto 5 case e ha prodotto al meno 70 milioni di 2
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Papers by E. Garbolino