Papers by Dr. Damiano Galimberti
International journal of molecular sciences, Feb 1, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Plants
Current studies show that approximately one-third of all cancer-related deaths are linked to diet... more Current studies show that approximately one-third of all cancer-related deaths are linked to diet and several cancer forms are preventable with balanced nutrition, due to dietary compounds being able to reverse epigenetic abnormalities. An appropriate diet in cancer patients can lead to changes in gene expression and enhance the efficacy of therapy. It has been demonstrated that nutraceuticals can act as powerful antioxidants at the cellular level as well as anticarcinogenic agents. This review is focused on the best studies on worldwide-available plant-derived nutraceuticals: curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and lycopene. These compounds have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes such as histone modification via HDAC (histone deacetylase), HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibition, DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibition, and non-coding RNA expression. All of these nutraceuticals are reported to positive...
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Several studies on the genetics of longevity have been reviewed in this paper. The results show t... more Several studies on the genetics of longevity have been reviewed in this paper. The results show that, despite efforts and new technologies, only two genes, APOE and FOXO3A, involved in the protection of cardiovascular diseases, have been shown to be associated with longevity in nearly all studies. This happens because the genetic determinants of longevity are dynamic and depend on the environmental history of a given population. In fact, population-specific genes are thought to play a greater role in the attainment of longevity than those shared between different populations. Hence, it is not surprising that GWAS replicated associations of common variants with longevity have been few, if any, as these studies pool together different populations. An alternative way might be the study of long-life families. This type of approach is proving to be an ideal resource for uncovering protective alleles and associated biological signatures for healthy aging phenotypes and exceptional longevity.
Human Aging, 2021
Abstract Chrononutrition is the science that investigates the correlations between mealtimes, met... more Abstract Chrononutrition is the science that investigates the correlations between mealtimes, metabolism, physiology, and endogenous circadian rhythms, but it also outlines a diet in harmony with biological biorhythms, one of the main processes that is involved in healthiness, causing, if altered, many diseases and syndromes associated with the aging process. These rhythms originate in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the anterior hypothalamus, and it is mainly controlled by the oscillations, an important type of cellular signaling characterized by the periodic change of the system over time. The oscillation originating in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is known as the central oscillator, and all other similar signals are named peripheral oscillations. These rhythms are not only regulated by these endogenous signals, but it may be entrained by external signals named zeitgebers, such as light, exercise, and meal times. The worst outcome of the deregulation of the physiological circadian rhythms is chronodisruption, which consists of desynchronization of peripheral oscillators from the central one. Some causes of this phenomenon are night work and jet lag, including social jet lag, for example, the discrepancy in a person's sleep pattern between the weekday and the weekend which, if continued chronically, have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, all pathological conditions associated with aging. Both a low-calorie diet and the regular use of functional and mimetic compounds could be the nutritional basis for promoting health in aging, obviously only together with all the other measures that characterize a correct lifestyle. The optimal diet model for that is the one inspired by the food choices typical of the Mediterranean model with oriental influences and adopt a calorie intake that, depending on the proposed diet, provides a quantity of calories that is between a range of 15%–20% around the basal metabolic rate in subjects with a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, an optimal diet should provide a protein content of around 0.95–1 g/kg body weight and follow all other recommendations published by international nutrition companies. This chapter discusses what is currently known about genetics and physiology of the circadian rhythms and zeitgebers, as well as the main evidence regarding the chronodisruption correlations with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, here we try to gather chrononutrition main aspects with the best dietary regime for ensuring a successful aging.
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 2021
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is characterized by the involvement of Aδ and C fibers leading to se... more Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is characterized by the involvement of Aδ and C fibers leading to sensory, mainly pain, and/or autonomic symptoms. Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCS) is an incompletely defined condition characterized by the onset of various symptoms in patients after exposure to several chemical substances. Pain is a common symptom in these patients. In this study, we report the histological and clinical data of a cohort of 21 patients who had been diagnosed as having MCS and who were referred to us with the suspicion of SFN because of chronic pain. All patients underwent neurological clinical examination, (including scales for pain and autonomic disorders), and a skin biopsy. Age-matched healthy subjects were used as controls for the skin biopsies. Nerve conduction studies and serum screening to exclude possible causes of peripheral neuropathy were also performed. Skin biopsies disclosed a somatic SFN in all patients. Although the majority (18 out of 21) of p...
Journal of Functional Foods, 2018
Nutritional styles as Mediterranean and DASH diets are associated with lower incidences of certai... more Nutritional styles as Mediterranean and DASH diets are associated with lower incidences of certain chronic diseases and long life expectancy. The reason lays on their di erent contribution in bers, polyphenols (from ff fi vegetables and fruit) and proteins. Barley is high ber cereal that contains high amount of-glucans and infi β soluble bers that it was recognized having healthy bene ts. fi fi The aim of the study was to evaluate the e ects of-glucans intake on glycaemic response, cholesterol and ff β intestinal hormones levels. A single arm pilot study was performed with ten healthy individual which, consumed pasta enriched with 6%-glucans for 30 days. Blood was collected at fasting and at multiple intervals until β 180 min after the test meal consumption. The results showed that pasta modify plasma levels of gut hormones and low density lipoprotein levels. These results add another piece of evidence to the role of the alimentary interventions to preserve healthy status.
Rejuvenation Research, 2017
The interventions to slow ageing, favouring active life expectancy, represent the new perspective... more The interventions to slow ageing, favouring active life expectancy, represent the new perspectives in ageing investigation. Some mechanisms that delay or prevent the onset of ageing pathologies have been identified. Between them, a healthy lifestyle seems to reduce many risk factors. In particular, eating habits represent the most concrete, low cost way to act on ageing process. Mediterranean diet has received much attention since it has been consistently demonstrated its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, many people follow a Western diet, poor in phytochemicals that represent the main source of beneficial effects of this dietary pattern. So, supplements administration should be considered, especially in subjects exposed to high level of oxidative stress and inflammation. So, we tested the properties of a commercial food supplement containing a series of plant polyphenols in combination with caffeine, bioperine (black pepper extract) and selenium in smoking healthy volunteers. Fifty participants have been recruited and hematochemical analyses and biochemistry tests have been performed, before and after 60 days of supplement intake. Thirteen subjects dropped out of the study. At the end of the intervention, the variation of inflammatory and oxidant markers has been evaluated, measuring urinary isoprostanes, serum advanced glycation end products, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. The results showed that this supplement exhibits promising anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, especially in women, highlighting the role of supplementation in certain groups of subjects, for the control of oxidative stress as well as inflammatory status. So, its intake should be useful in delaying the onset of age-related diseases. Rejuvenation Research Dietary supplements as surrogate of Mediterranean Diet in healthy smoking subjects (
Rejuvenation Research, 2020
This article shows demographic, clinical, anamnestic, cognitive, and functional data as well as b... more This article shows demographic, clinical, anamnestic, cognitive, and functional data as well as biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic parameters of two exceptional siblings: Diega (supercentenarian) and Filippa (semisupercentenarian) Cammalleri. The purpose of this study is to provide new insights into the extreme phenotypes represented by semisupercentenarians and supercentenarians. Different studies have been published on supercentenarians, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the only concerning two sisters and the most detailed from a phenotypic point of view. Our findings agree with the suggestion that supercentenarians have an increasing relative resistance to age-related diseases, approximating the limits of the functional human reserve to address successfully the acute causes of death. More interestingly, our data agree with, and extend, the suggestion that inflammation and oxidative stress predict centenarian mortality.
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019
Background:It is well known that long living individuals are a model of successful ageing and tha... more Background:It is well known that long living individuals are a model of successful ageing and that the identification of both genetic variants and environmental factors that predispose to a long and healthy life is of tremendous interest for translational medicine.Methods:We present the preliminary findings obtained from an ongoing study on longevity conducted on a sample of Sicilian long-lived individuals.Results:We review the characteristics of longevity in Sicily, taking into account lifestyle, environment, genetics, hematochemical values, body composition and immunophenotype. In addition, we discuss the possible implications of our data for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases.Conclusion:As widely discussed in this review, the explanation of the role of genetics and lifestyle in longevity can provide important information on how to develop drugs and/or behaviours that can slow down or delay ageing. Thus, it will be possible to understand, through a “positive b...
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Papers by Dr. Damiano Galimberti