ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, May 10, 2018
Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs acros... more Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs across the Engineering College. Founded by Mr. Scott, the Center for Engineering Diversity & Outreach is an academic excellence community committed to developing engineers who are innovative leaders in a global society. The Center broadens participation, increases academic performance and provides personal support for diverse students from all backgrounds. Mr. Scott is a former business executive, retired from the Procter & Gamble Company after over 32 years of service. His background includes demonstrated leadership in strategic planning and analysis, IT management, product distribution, and global learning systems. In addition to his current role at the University of Michigan, Mr. Scott is a member of the IT Senior Management forum, a national organization dedicated exclusively to fostering upper-level executive talent among African-American IT professionals. After serving as the National Program Chair for four years, Mr. Scott was appointed Dean of the ITSMF Global Institute for Leadership Development. Mr. Scott also serves as a Cutter Fellow, with consulting responsibilities to CIOs and other senior IT executives.
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical scattering proces... more Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical scattering process that can nondestructively image myosin filament microarchitecture up to 500 μm in depth due to its high spatial resolution, optical sectioning capabilities, and elastic scattering properties. The distribution, alignment, and spatial orientation of myosin filaments largely dictates the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle. Noninvasive quantification of these metrics in-vivo or in-vitro could be indicative of skeletal muscle function and viability. Here, we present a novel algorithm to quantitate sarcomere length with high spatial resolution and accuracy when compared to traditional approaches. Our approach runs in real-time and is less sensitive to instrumental noise and artifacts that shade regions of the image. We have tested this technique on ex-vivo SHG images of rat lumbrical muscles that have been damaged following standardized lengthening contraction protocols. Our approach s...
Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, with its utilization of 3D models for layer-by... more Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, with its utilization of 3D models for layer-by-layer part fabrication, have the potential to revolutionize, and perhaps disrupt, conventional manufacturing practices. Yet, their widespread use in product development is hindered by poor reliability and repeatability pertaining to part quality and part performance, especially where large-sized parts or large-sized volumes are required. By addressing technical issues such as measurement methods, performance metrics, and lack of AM-specific standards, the qualification and certification (QC) of AM parts becomes less challenging. This chapter explores the issue of QC of AM by introducing the process for conventionally manufactured products and comparatively discussing the challenges and barriers to QC associated with additively manufactured parts. Current approaches to the QC pathway and a review of research and development efforts leading to a better understanding of AM materials, processes, and parts—ultimately in support of and leading to improved QC standards and pathways—are also presented.
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings
Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs acros... more Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs across the Engineering College. Founded by Mr. Scott, the Center for Engineering Diversity & Outreach is an academic excellence community committed to developing engineers who are innovative leaders in a global society. The Center broadens participation, increases academic performance and provides personal support for diverse students from all backgrounds. Mr. Scott is a former business executive, retired from the Procter & Gamble Company after over 32 years of service. His background includes demonstrated leadership in strategic planning and analysis, IT management, product distribution, and global learning systems. In addition to his current role at the University of Michigan, Mr. Scott is a member of the IT Senior Management forum, a national organization dedicated exclusively to fostering upper-level executive talent among African-American IT professionals. After serving as the National Program Chair for four years, Mr. Scott was appointed Dean of the ITSMF Global Institute for Leadership Development. Mr. Scott also serves as a Cutter Fellow, with consulting responsibilities to CIOs and other senior IT executives.
This paper describes the investigation into the use of cathodoluminescence for distinguishing HA ... more This paper describes the investigation into the use of cathodoluminescence for distinguishing HA and β-TCP phases within the biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic microstructure. Polished samples were scanned using SEM-CL at an accelerating voltage in the range of 10-15 keV with a beam current of 5-10 nA. The grayscale images produced reveal distinctive patterns for each composition. EDS and EPMA suggest chemical differences among the contrasting regions. Image analysis of voxel values indicate that areas of bright contrast correspond to β-TCP grains with phase amounts confirmed by XRD.
a host of other students too many to list. Thank you to Shelton Manley, Jr…..not only for all of ... more a host of other students too many to list. Thank you to Shelton Manley, Jr…..not only for all of the IT support, but for hanging in the trenches with me and encouragement when I was not sure I could get through.
This paper describes the use of micro-computed tomography for determining in vitro degradation of... more This paper describes the use of micro-computed tomography for determining in vitro degradation of calcium-phosphate ceramic materials. Samples were immersed in a simulated body fluid and scanned at the initial and final timepoints. Analysis indicates degradation of material density as well as changes in mineral content and mineral density. Findings are confirmed with known methods of materials characterization (SEM, mass analysis, and Archimedes’s density calculations), indicating changes in surface morphology, mass, and pore volume.
It is known that angiogenesis plays an important role in bone regeneration and that release of an... more It is known that angiogenesis plays an important role in bone regeneration and that release of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors can enhance bone formation. Multiple growth factors play key roles in processes that lead to tissue formation/regeneration during natural tissue development and repair. Therefore, treatments aiming to mimic tissue regeneration can benefit from multiple growth factor release, and there remains a need for simple clinically relevant approaches for dual growth factor release. We hypothesized that mineral coatings could be used as a platform for controlled incorporation and release of multiple growth factors. Specifically, mineral-coated scaffolds were ''dip coated'' in multiple growth factor solutions, and growth factor binding and release were dictated by the growth factor-mineral binding affinity. Beta tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated using indirect solid-free form fabrication techniques and coated with a thin conformal mineral layer. Mineral-coated b-TCP scaffolds were sequentially dipped in recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) and a modular bone morphogenetic peptide, a mineral-binding version of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), solutions to allow for the incorporation of each growth factor. The dual release profile showed sustained release of both growth factors for over more than 60 days. Scaffolds releasing either rhVEGF alone or the combination of growth factors showed an increase in blood vessel ingrowth in a dosedependent manner in a sheep intramuscular implantation model. This approach demonstrates a ''modular design'' approach, in which a controllable biologics carrier is integrated into a structural scaffold as a thin surface coating.
In articular fractures, both bone and cartilage are injured. We tested whether stem cells transdu... more In articular fractures, both bone and cartilage are injured. We tested whether stem cells transduced with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can promote bone and cartilage repair. Distal femoral articular osteotomies in nude rats were treated with stem cells, either wild-type or transduced with an adenoviral (Ad) BMP2. Cells were delivered in alginate (ALG) carrier or by direct injection in saline solution. Gene expression of these cells at the osteotomy site was confirmed by in vivo imaging. At day 14, only the group that received AdBMP2 stem cells by direct injection showed completely healed osteotomies, while other groups remained unhealed (P < 0.0003). In ALG groups, bone healing was impeded by the development of a chondroid mass, most pronounced in the AdBMP2 ALG group (P < 0.002). We were successful in achieving repair of both bone and cartilage in vivo using direct stem cell injection. Our data suggests that BMP2 augmentation might be critically important in achieving this effect.
ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, May 10, 2018
Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs acros... more Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs across the Engineering College. Founded by Mr. Scott, the Center for Engineering Diversity & Outreach is an academic excellence community committed to developing engineers who are innovative leaders in a global society. The Center broadens participation, increases academic performance and provides personal support for diverse students from all backgrounds. Mr. Scott is a former business executive, retired from the Procter & Gamble Company after over 32 years of service. His background includes demonstrated leadership in strategic planning and analysis, IT management, product distribution, and global learning systems. In addition to his current role at the University of Michigan, Mr. Scott is a member of the IT Senior Management forum, a national organization dedicated exclusively to fostering upper-level executive talent among African-American IT professionals. After serving as the National Program Chair for four years, Mr. Scott was appointed Dean of the ITSMF Global Institute for Leadership Development. Mr. Scott also serves as a Cutter Fellow, with consulting responsibilities to CIOs and other senior IT executives.
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical scattering proces... more Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical scattering process that can nondestructively image myosin filament microarchitecture up to 500 μm in depth due to its high spatial resolution, optical sectioning capabilities, and elastic scattering properties. The distribution, alignment, and spatial orientation of myosin filaments largely dictates the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle. Noninvasive quantification of these metrics in-vivo or in-vitro could be indicative of skeletal muscle function and viability. Here, we present a novel algorithm to quantitate sarcomere length with high spatial resolution and accuracy when compared to traditional approaches. Our approach runs in real-time and is less sensitive to instrumental noise and artifacts that shade regions of the image. We have tested this technique on ex-vivo SHG images of rat lumbrical muscles that have been damaged following standardized lengthening contraction protocols. Our approach s...
Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, with its utilization of 3D models for layer-by... more Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, with its utilization of 3D models for layer-by-layer part fabrication, have the potential to revolutionize, and perhaps disrupt, conventional manufacturing practices. Yet, their widespread use in product development is hindered by poor reliability and repeatability pertaining to part quality and part performance, especially where large-sized parts or large-sized volumes are required. By addressing technical issues such as measurement methods, performance metrics, and lack of AM-specific standards, the qualification and certification (QC) of AM parts becomes less challenging. This chapter explores the issue of QC of AM by introducing the process for conventionally manufactured products and comparatively discussing the challenges and barriers to QC associated with additively manufactured parts. Current approaches to the QC pathway and a review of research and development efforts leading to a better understanding of AM materials, processes, and parts—ultimately in support of and leading to improved QC standards and pathways—are also presented.
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings
Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs acros... more Counsel to the College, Mr. Scott supports the diversity and outreach strategy and programs across the Engineering College. Founded by Mr. Scott, the Center for Engineering Diversity & Outreach is an academic excellence community committed to developing engineers who are innovative leaders in a global society. The Center broadens participation, increases academic performance and provides personal support for diverse students from all backgrounds. Mr. Scott is a former business executive, retired from the Procter & Gamble Company after over 32 years of service. His background includes demonstrated leadership in strategic planning and analysis, IT management, product distribution, and global learning systems. In addition to his current role at the University of Michigan, Mr. Scott is a member of the IT Senior Management forum, a national organization dedicated exclusively to fostering upper-level executive talent among African-American IT professionals. After serving as the National Program Chair for four years, Mr. Scott was appointed Dean of the ITSMF Global Institute for Leadership Development. Mr. Scott also serves as a Cutter Fellow, with consulting responsibilities to CIOs and other senior IT executives.
This paper describes the investigation into the use of cathodoluminescence for distinguishing HA ... more This paper describes the investigation into the use of cathodoluminescence for distinguishing HA and β-TCP phases within the biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic microstructure. Polished samples were scanned using SEM-CL at an accelerating voltage in the range of 10-15 keV with a beam current of 5-10 nA. The grayscale images produced reveal distinctive patterns for each composition. EDS and EPMA suggest chemical differences among the contrasting regions. Image analysis of voxel values indicate that areas of bright contrast correspond to β-TCP grains with phase amounts confirmed by XRD.
a host of other students too many to list. Thank you to Shelton Manley, Jr…..not only for all of ... more a host of other students too many to list. Thank you to Shelton Manley, Jr…..not only for all of the IT support, but for hanging in the trenches with me and encouragement when I was not sure I could get through.
This paper describes the use of micro-computed tomography for determining in vitro degradation of... more This paper describes the use of micro-computed tomography for determining in vitro degradation of calcium-phosphate ceramic materials. Samples were immersed in a simulated body fluid and scanned at the initial and final timepoints. Analysis indicates degradation of material density as well as changes in mineral content and mineral density. Findings are confirmed with known methods of materials characterization (SEM, mass analysis, and Archimedes’s density calculations), indicating changes in surface morphology, mass, and pore volume.
It is known that angiogenesis plays an important role in bone regeneration and that release of an... more It is known that angiogenesis plays an important role in bone regeneration and that release of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors can enhance bone formation. Multiple growth factors play key roles in processes that lead to tissue formation/regeneration during natural tissue development and repair. Therefore, treatments aiming to mimic tissue regeneration can benefit from multiple growth factor release, and there remains a need for simple clinically relevant approaches for dual growth factor release. We hypothesized that mineral coatings could be used as a platform for controlled incorporation and release of multiple growth factors. Specifically, mineral-coated scaffolds were ''dip coated'' in multiple growth factor solutions, and growth factor binding and release were dictated by the growth factor-mineral binding affinity. Beta tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated using indirect solid-free form fabrication techniques and coated with a thin conformal mineral layer. Mineral-coated b-TCP scaffolds were sequentially dipped in recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) and a modular bone morphogenetic peptide, a mineral-binding version of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), solutions to allow for the incorporation of each growth factor. The dual release profile showed sustained release of both growth factors for over more than 60 days. Scaffolds releasing either rhVEGF alone or the combination of growth factors showed an increase in blood vessel ingrowth in a dosedependent manner in a sheep intramuscular implantation model. This approach demonstrates a ''modular design'' approach, in which a controllable biologics carrier is integrated into a structural scaffold as a thin surface coating.
In articular fractures, both bone and cartilage are injured. We tested whether stem cells transdu... more In articular fractures, both bone and cartilage are injured. We tested whether stem cells transduced with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can promote bone and cartilage repair. Distal femoral articular osteotomies in nude rats were treated with stem cells, either wild-type or transduced with an adenoviral (Ad) BMP2. Cells were delivered in alginate (ALG) carrier or by direct injection in saline solution. Gene expression of these cells at the osteotomy site was confirmed by in vivo imaging. At day 14, only the group that received AdBMP2 stem cells by direct injection showed completely healed osteotomies, while other groups remained unhealed (P < 0.0003). In ALG groups, bone healing was impeded by the development of a chondroid mass, most pronounced in the AdBMP2 ALG group (P < 0.002). We were successful in achieving repair of both bone and cartilage in vivo using direct stem cell injection. Our data suggests that BMP2 augmentation might be critically important in achieving this effect.
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