Papers by Danica Staššíková-Štukovská
Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cl... more Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cleary, Claudia Costa, Paul Damian, Mariana Diniz, Cidalia Duarte, Jan Frolik, Carolina Grilo, Initiative for Heritage Conservancy, Nele Kangert, Raimund Karl, Anette Kjaerulf Andersen, Viire Kobrusepp, Tina Kompare, Eduard Krekovic, Miguel Lago da Silva, Andrew Lawler, Irena Lazar, Katheriin Liibert, Alexandra Lima, Gavin MacGregor, Niamh McCullagh, Michaela Macalova, Ain Maesalu, Magdalena Malinska, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Mārtiņs Mintaurs, Katharina Moller, Ulla Odgaard, Eva Parga-Dans, Doris Pavlov, Vesna Pintaric Kocuvan, Doug Rocks-Macqueen, Jette Rostock, Joao Pedro Tereso, Alessandro Pintucci, Elena S. Prokopiou, Jorge Raposo, Karin Scharringhausen, Tine Schenck, Marjo Schlaman, Jeanette Skaarup, Andris Snē, Danica Stassikova-Stukovska, Ingrid Ulst, Monique van den Dries, Heleen van Londen, Rocio Varela-Pousa, Catarina Viegas, Armands Vijups, Nathalie Vossen, Tobias Wachter & Ludwika ...
Bratislava. Zborník Múzea mesta Bratislavy 2022, rooč. 34, 2023
The focus of the paper is on the unpublished finds fo glasses decorated with the meza stampatura ... more The focus of the paper is on the unpublished finds fo glasses decorated with the meza stampatura technique from Trenčín - castle ((older research without detailed cirrcumstances of the find, and Pezinok - manor house.
Two finds of palaeopathological diseases from the Early medieval cemetery in Borovce (district of... more Two finds of palaeopathological diseases from the Early medieval cemetery in Borovce (district of Piešťany), dated to the 8th – first half of the 12th centuries are the subject of multidisciplinary analysis. One of them was revealed in a výklenkový burial of a man (age of 50–60), the grave no. 229, dated to the first third of the 9th century, with evidence of carcinoma metastases on the skeleton. The other find was an ossified bone that was diagnosed as a probable ossified lymphatic node (Fig. 4, 10) from the female (age of 45–55) grave no. 422, dated to the last third of the 9th century. The find belongs to rare ones among archaeological finds. Anthropological analysis of the male skeleton showed also probably healed fracture and a cyst in two molar roots. From pathological changes on the female skeleton the ossification on the neck backbone is extraordinary (Fig. 3B, no. 1). The found facts are discussed from the point of view of archaeological excavations in the sphere of the pro...
Archaeopark in Hanušovce nad Topľou www.museum.sk/kastiel-a-archeopark-hanusovce-nad-toplou-tripo... more Archaeopark in Hanušovce nad Topľou www.museum.sk/kastiel-a-archeopark-hanusovce-nad-toplou-tripolitana.html The event will be attended by experts on the subject of historical glass and archaeologists. In the Archaeopark there will be a commented production of various historical jewellery based on archaeological finds, especially from Slovakia, vessels and stained glass, combined with a quiz and rewards for correct answers. In addition to the glass furnace, the production of historical jewellery from glass will be presented at the glass hearth and the glass lamp, including painting on the glass as well as the production of stained glass windows. In addition to the historical topics, there will be a discussion on glass technology from the perspective of chemistry, physics and mathematics with visitor participation and scientific experiments. The event is held ONLY ONCE A YEAR Currently, you can see some of the results of our experiments in researching historical glass at the international exhibition "Experimental Archaeology" MAMUZ/Schloss Asparn, Austria and now also in Hanušovce nad Topľou.
Študijné zvestí, 2009
The article aims to be help through interdisciplinary explication along the way of creation of th... more The article aims to be help through interdisciplinary explication along the way of creation of the professional terms
indicating historical silica materials in the context of research of the historical glasses in the Slovak and the Czech scientific
literature. The authors of this article have created a classification of the materials according to presence or absence of a glass
phase and according to the implemented technology in manufacturing the historical items. This way created basic system
has outlined six groups of stuff illustrated with samples from archaeological finds mainly from the Slovak and the Czech
republics dated to 2200 B.C.-13th century A.D. They have précised also the specific interdisciplinary terms of glass-crystal
stuff made during the glass and ceramic processes and also the names of the materials of the historical glass with corrosion.
Beyond the unification of professional terminology this article follows the aim to draw attention to important meaning
of the research of the glass-crystal substances for the deepening of the knowledge of the history of development of the
technology of production of silica materials. This technology has led to a specialisation of the technology known today as
a traditional glass or traditional ceramic production. The article is addressed towards need of the basic research on historical
glass in Slovakia, where the absence of professional literature in native language is evident.
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
Slovenská numizmatika, 2021
A badge was discovered in the fortifications of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in ... more A badge was discovered in the fortifications of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Nové Mesto nad Váhom, which was made in honour of the 60th anniversary of the foundation of the fire brigade in this town. It was produced in 1934 by an important medal company in the Czech Republic - the Karnet and Kyselý factory based in Prague, Husova Street 46.
Slovenská numizmatika XXI, Nitgra 2021, ISBN 978-80-97081-91-1, s.159-163
Študijné zvesti Archeologického ústavu SAV, 2009
Basic sealing technologies of coloured glasses that were used as decorations of early medieval be... more Basic sealing technologies of coloured glasses that were used as decorations of early medieval beads found in Slovakia and
Moravia are the topic of this article. Winding of coloured fibres around beads or application of coloured points were the
most frequent ways of ornamentation. Usage of coloured cords for beads decoration is presupposed to be a new technology.
It appears on so-called melon-seed glass beads („Melonenkernperlen“) from the 7th - 8th centuries as well as on oliveshaped beads dated to the 9th - 10th centuries. Intermeshing of glasses of different quality with using of a metal foil is
a special way of glass sealing that was used first of all for decoration of transversely segmented beads. The glass-granulation
decorated bead from Prša is a rare evidence of both the glassworker’s mastery and unusual glass sealing technology.
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
Študijné zvesti AÚ SAV, 2009
The basic results of interdisciplinary analysis of praehistoric faience beads (terminus technicus... more The basic results of interdisciplinary analysis of praehistoric faience beads (terminus technicus in archaeology) have been
presented. They were found in the grave N. 1 at the site Spišské Tomášovce, position 3, Fortification I. Findings of five beads
with partially saved layers of glass glaze with turquoise colouring on the surface have been examined. The beads were
found in the skeleton grave No 1 of the Košťany Culture from Early Bronze Age. The optical investigation has been made
by microscope Jena Vert Carl Zeiss Jena with CCD-Iris Sony camera. The chemical content of the beads has been specified
with the help of electronic microscopy (SEM). The petrographic characteristics of the findings have been specified with
a microscope Olympus EX50. The conclusion was that the beads were produced probably with the method of cementation
and were coloured with the use of oxide of copper
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
Študijné zvvesti, 2009
In the current article we present the summarized results of the recent interdisciplinary research... more In the current article we present the summarized results of the recent interdisciplinary research, which was focused on the
production provenance of the glass artifacts from the 9th century AC. The artifacts were found in 1960 during a previous
archaeological excavation of four ovens in Nitra town. They were published many times as a proof of the existence of a glass
production. Multiphase interdisciplinary analyses of glassy artefacts were subsequently published in different editions.
Here we present the results in resume and rise a discussion about the importance of these findings for the research of
the historical glass and for the knowledge of the details connected with the technology of metallurgy of iron. We use
a working term „glass-none glass” for the type of glass made during the iron production. This term should be understood
as a contribution to the discussion on the necessity to distinguish through the verbal terms atypical to the glass production
chemical compositions. These compositions have been evident for a long time among the results of the analysis of the glass
beads mainly and of the other small items.
Hyperfine Interactions, 2006
An ancient axe from Early Medieval Age which was unearthed on a territory of the archaeological e... more An ancient axe from Early Medieval Age which was unearthed on a territory of the archaeological excavation site near the village Borovce (Slovakia) is investigated. The surface of the axe was supposed to be covered with a sort of glassy system. Mossbauer effect measurements performed in backscattering and transmission geometry upon original as well as powdered pôieces of the axe confirmed that the surface layers of the axe consists of geothite, lepidocrite, akageneite, and/or magnetite. After temperature treatment at 400 C/100 min hematite and maghemite were found; these are products of thermal decomposition of the above mentioned iron phases. These findings ruled out the hypothesis that the surface covering substance was put on the axe by intention.
…Anthropologie, 2006
Anthropological and statistical analysis was applied to a group of skeletons (six adults and four... more Anthropological and statistical analysis was applied to a group of skeletons (six adults and four infants) from an early medieval burial site at Borovce (district of Piešťany, Slovakia), connected chronologically and locally with burial 221/92 that contained atypical spurs with buckle for trying. The morphological similarity, based on craniometric relationships among the individuals of that group and part of the remaining burial site, was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) wich, however, did not reveal any allochthonic influences.
Experimental Archeology. An exhibition by MAMUZ in cooperation with EXARC, 2021
The classification of the composition of a historical glass based on archaeometric analyses is an... more The classification of the composition of a historical glass based on archaeometric analyses is an integral part of scientific research of historical glass from archaeological finds. We lack the exact evidence of the composition of glass melted in a wood-fired pyrotechnic device in the interdisciplinary research. In 2016, we created a multidisciplinary team of 13 experts from various institutions, glassmaking companies and universities and developed a long-term project to carry out experiments to obtain these facts through scientific procedures.
S licenciou 007. Zborník príspevkov k 70. narodeninám Petra Baxu, 2020
This interdisciplinary contribution presents three fragments of stained glass which were found in... more This interdisciplinary contribution presents three fragments of stained glass which were found in a secondary context at Devín Castle in 1975. They show figural motifs and letters, probably painted with a silver glaze. The archaeometric analysis confirmed that it was of Na ² O-CaO-Al ² O ³-SiO ² decolourized with manganese, and the broken edges show that it was a panel from a stained glass window. Following analytical comparative methods in connection with the archaeometric findings about soda-lime glass in early medieval Central Europe and based on analogies from Uherské Hradiště-Sady and Zalavár, they can be dated into the 9th century. The glass from the stained glass window in Devín is probably of local origin, in the nearby Devínská Kobyla soda-lime glass was melted in a 30-l melting pot.
SK ISBN 978-80-89175-91-8
Archeologia Polski, 2020
Abstrakt: The authors research and publish the results from a glass melting experiments conducted... more Abstrakt: The authors research and publish the results from a glass melting experiments conducted in a reconstruction of a historic wood-fired furnace from the 9th c. during the 2017-2019 period. The experiments focused on soda-lime glass and were implemented as pilot for the planned, long-term and annual experimentations in the Archeopark in Hanušovce nad Topľou. Experimental glass batches were weighed according to the composition of glass from archaeological samples from the 9th c., as well as according to the model soda ash glass. The aim was to obtain experimental data to verify archaeometric research of historical glass. The study focused on the possible use of a wood-fired furnace in the melting glass from glass batches, the effects of ash on the composition of glass, remelting of glass cullet, penetration of elements from crucible and flue gases into molten glass, causes of different quality of glass remelting or colouring with added CuO and MnO. Another aim of the study was to compare the results of the glass analyses from the SEM/EDS and XRF method, which we later interpret in historical contexts. Keywords: Experimental melts, historical glass, furnace from the 9th c., SEM/EDS and XRF analysis GLASS MELTING EXPERIMENTS 216 1. INTRODUCTION1
Krajinou archeologie, krajinou skla. Studie věnované PhDr. Evě Černé. K. Tomková a N. Venclová (eds.), 2020
The article focuses attention on the search for a suitable term for the archaeological find of an... more The article focuses attention on the search for a suitable term for the archaeological find of an as yet unpublished artefact in which glass was melted and which was part of the melting chamber in a discovered glassmaking furnace from the 9th/10th century investigated in Bratislava.
Historické sklo 6, 2018
wirtellförmige bead, glaspotassium-calcium, early middle age, Slovakia
Historické sklo . Multidisciplinárne o historickom skle III. The Historical Glass. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Historical Glass III, 2018
The paper is based on practical experience of the author. It is focused on the selection of basic... more The paper is based on practical experience of the author. It is focused on the selection of basic information that are essential for archaeometric analyses of historical glass. The basic information is recommended as a good practice in selecting and documenting objects before their delivery on a laboratory. They are intended for the researchers who have no experience with archaeometric analyses of historical glass.
Profil archeologie středověku. Studie věnované Janu Frolíkovi, 2018
This text presents the results of an excavation in Dubovany, were were found "wallpaper tiles". T... more This text presents the results of an excavation in Dubovany, were were found "wallpaper tiles". This archaeological research was restricted by its salvage character, but even though is this finding unique. Probably, it is evidence for the specialized production in the surroundings of excavated area. Most likely luxury finds are reflecting presence of higher class households in rural environment.
Stan i potrzeby badan archeoologicznych w Karpatach, Krosno , 2017
The paper is dedicated to the selected outcomes and interpretations of historical geographers and... more The paper is dedicated to the selected outcomes and interpretations of historical geographers and archaeologists regarding the tracks of historical routes located in the region of Little Carpathians, White Carpathians and Považský Inovec covering the territory of Central Považie, Slovak Republic.
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Papers by Danica Staššíková-Štukovská
indicating historical silica materials in the context of research of the historical glasses in the Slovak and the Czech scientific
literature. The authors of this article have created a classification of the materials according to presence or absence of a glass
phase and according to the implemented technology in manufacturing the historical items. This way created basic system
has outlined six groups of stuff illustrated with samples from archaeological finds mainly from the Slovak and the Czech
republics dated to 2200 B.C.-13th century A.D. They have précised also the specific interdisciplinary terms of glass-crystal
stuff made during the glass and ceramic processes and also the names of the materials of the historical glass with corrosion.
Beyond the unification of professional terminology this article follows the aim to draw attention to important meaning
of the research of the glass-crystal substances for the deepening of the knowledge of the history of development of the
technology of production of silica materials. This technology has led to a specialisation of the technology known today as
a traditional glass or traditional ceramic production. The article is addressed towards need of the basic research on historical
glass in Slovakia, where the absence of professional literature in native language is evident.
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
Slovenská numizmatika XXI, Nitgra 2021, ISBN 978-80-97081-91-1, s.159-163
Moravia are the topic of this article. Winding of coloured fibres around beads or application of coloured points were the
most frequent ways of ornamentation. Usage of coloured cords for beads decoration is presupposed to be a new technology.
It appears on so-called melon-seed glass beads („Melonenkernperlen“) from the 7th - 8th centuries as well as on oliveshaped beads dated to the 9th - 10th centuries. Intermeshing of glasses of different quality with using of a metal foil is
a special way of glass sealing that was used first of all for decoration of transversely segmented beads. The glass-granulation
decorated bead from Prša is a rare evidence of both the glassworker’s mastery and unusual glass sealing technology.
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
presented. They were found in the grave N. 1 at the site Spišské Tomášovce, position 3, Fortification I. Findings of five beads
with partially saved layers of glass glaze with turquoise colouring on the surface have been examined. The beads were
found in the skeleton grave No 1 of the Košťany Culture from Early Bronze Age. The optical investigation has been made
by microscope Jena Vert Carl Zeiss Jena with CCD-Iris Sony camera. The chemical content of the beads has been specified
with the help of electronic microscopy (SEM). The petrographic characteristics of the findings have been specified with
a microscope Olympus EX50. The conclusion was that the beads were produced probably with the method of cementation
and were coloured with the use of oxide of copper
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
production provenance of the glass artifacts from the 9th century AC. The artifacts were found in 1960 during a previous
archaeological excavation of four ovens in Nitra town. They were published many times as a proof of the existence of a glass
production. Multiphase interdisciplinary analyses of glassy artefacts were subsequently published in different editions.
Here we present the results in resume and rise a discussion about the importance of these findings for the research of
the historical glass and for the knowledge of the details connected with the technology of metallurgy of iron. We use
a working term „glass-none glass” for the type of glass made during the iron production. This term should be understood
as a contribution to the discussion on the necessity to distinguish through the verbal terms atypical to the glass production
chemical compositions. These compositions have been evident for a long time among the results of the analysis of the glass
beads mainly and of the other small items.
SK ISBN 978-80-89175-91-8
indicating historical silica materials in the context of research of the historical glasses in the Slovak and the Czech scientific
literature. The authors of this article have created a classification of the materials according to presence or absence of a glass
phase and according to the implemented technology in manufacturing the historical items. This way created basic system
has outlined six groups of stuff illustrated with samples from archaeological finds mainly from the Slovak and the Czech
republics dated to 2200 B.C.-13th century A.D. They have précised also the specific interdisciplinary terms of glass-crystal
stuff made during the glass and ceramic processes and also the names of the materials of the historical glass with corrosion.
Beyond the unification of professional terminology this article follows the aim to draw attention to important meaning
of the research of the glass-crystal substances for the deepening of the knowledge of the history of development of the
technology of production of silica materials. This technology has led to a specialisation of the technology known today as
a traditional glass or traditional ceramic production. The article is addressed towards need of the basic research on historical
glass in Slovakia, where the absence of professional literature in native language is evident.
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
Slovenská numizmatika XXI, Nitgra 2021, ISBN 978-80-97081-91-1, s.159-163
Moravia are the topic of this article. Winding of coloured fibres around beads or application of coloured points were the
most frequent ways of ornamentation. Usage of coloured cords for beads decoration is presupposed to be a new technology.
It appears on so-called melon-seed glass beads („Melonenkernperlen“) from the 7th - 8th centuries as well as on oliveshaped beads dated to the 9th - 10th centuries. Intermeshing of glasses of different quality with using of a metal foil is
a special way of glass sealing that was used first of all for decoration of transversely segmented beads. The glass-granulation
decorated bead from Prša is a rare evidence of both the glassworker’s mastery and unusual glass sealing technology.
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
presented. They were found in the grave N. 1 at the site Spišské Tomášovce, position 3, Fortification I. Findings of five beads
with partially saved layers of glass glaze with turquoise colouring on the surface have been examined. The beads were
found in the skeleton grave No 1 of the Košťany Culture from Early Bronze Age. The optical investigation has been made
by microscope Jena Vert Carl Zeiss Jena with CCD-Iris Sony camera. The chemical content of the beads has been specified
with the help of electronic microscopy (SEM). The petrographic characteristics of the findings have been specified with
a microscope Olympus EX50. The conclusion was that the beads were produced probably with the method of cementation
and were coloured with the use of oxide of copper
ISSN 0560-2793
ISBN 978-80-89315-15-4
production provenance of the glass artifacts from the 9th century AC. The artifacts were found in 1960 during a previous
archaeological excavation of four ovens in Nitra town. They were published many times as a proof of the existence of a glass
production. Multiphase interdisciplinary analyses of glassy artefacts were subsequently published in different editions.
Here we present the results in resume and rise a discussion about the importance of these findings for the research of
the historical glass and for the knowledge of the details connected with the technology of metallurgy of iron. We use
a working term „glass-none glass” for the type of glass made during the iron production. This term should be understood
as a contribution to the discussion on the necessity to distinguish through the verbal terms atypical to the glass production
chemical compositions. These compositions have been evident for a long time among the results of the analysis of the glass
beads mainly and of the other small items.
SK ISBN 978-80-89175-91-8
Employment. Across the 21 participating states, it is calculated that a total of over €1 billion is spent on professional archaeology every year, with the majority of that expenditure being on the salary costs of the estimated 24,740 people who work as archaeologists in these countries. This group of professionals represents 0.006% of the combined total workforces of those states. In many states, the absolute numbers employed in archaeology has fallen significantly over the previous six years. It is estimated that approximately 33,000 archaeologists now work across Europe as a whole.
Growth of the sector. Across Europe, organisations employing archaeologists have typically become smaller over the five years prior to this project, and employers are very cautious about predicting future growth.
Nature of the workforce. A slight majority (50.3% to 49.7%) of archaeologists are women. The proportion of women in the workforce has increased over the six years since 2006-08 from 45.9%. On average, European archaeologists are 40 years old. Very few European archaeologists are disabled – 1.1% of the total number of workers for whom data were available, a reduction from 1.5% in 2006-08.
Countries of Origin. 94% of archaeologists work in their own countries of origin, 5% are from other EU states and 1% from elsewhere in the world. Overall, this shows a slight decline in sectoral transnational mobility, as in 2006-08 more archaeologists were working away from their countries of origin.
Qualifications. In every participating state, it is normal for people working in archaeology to hold a degree – on aggregate, 94% of European archaeologists are graduates and the majority (69%) are postgraduates. 90% of archaeologists gained their highest qualifications in the countries in which they now work, with 9% obtaining those qualifications elsewhere in Europe (and 1% elsewhere in the world). When compared with the figures from 2006-08, this shows that archaeologists are increasingly educationally mobile.
Salaries. In twelve of the 21 participating states, archaeologists were paid less than the national average for all workers. An average figure of €24,901 was calculated as the mean salary earned by an archaeologist, but this is relatively meaningless as average salaries vary enormously between counties, with Danish archaeologists earning on average nine times the amount earned by their peers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Nature of the work. 78% of the archaeologists for whom data were available worked full-time and 22% part-time. This is a marked change from 2006-08, when the percentages were 86% full-time and 14% part-time. 63% of archaeologists held permanent contracts at the time of the research, while the remaining 37% of workers had time-limited contracts.
Structures. As was identified in the predecessor project in 2006-08, archaeological practice in the participating states is organised on different models, with varying levels of commercial activity balanced against state agency engagement. This is often linked to the funding basis of archaeological practice (variation both on the basis of funding from the state or from private sector industries, and on whether delivery is achieved by the state or by the private sector). Different states define who can be considered to be an archaeologist in different ways. Vocational education and training (VET) in the sector is almost universally delivered by universities through academic degree programmes.
Skills and Training Needs. Issues relating to specific training needs were assessed in each participating country, but, as in 2006-08, because of the variety of ways in which these questions were asked by the project partners (in order to accommodate the differing structures and approaches to archaeological work in each participating state), the information obtained cannot be usefully compared transnationally.
Trends and developments. In comparison with the predecessor work undertaken in 2006-08, the main ways that the sector has changed are that the number of jobs has decreased and the proportion of women working in the sector has increased. Furthermore, jobs are more likely to be part-time and for shorter contractual periods; archaeologists are more highly qualified, but are less well-paid in comparison with other sectors.
History of Glass - East Slovakia
24th - 25th July 2020
Location: Manor House and Archaeopark Hanušovce nad Topľou, Region Prešov