We have developed two bright hyper-Rayleigh/hyper-Raman spectrometers that allow the collection o... more We have developed two bright hyper-Rayleigh/hyper-Raman spectrometers that allow the collection of spontaneous signals with high-quality and good spatial resolution. The first macro-spectrometer has been addressed to the study of liquids. The second is a new and original micro-spectrometer which has been designed to study solid and interface media. The micro-hyper-Raman spectrometer opens new fields of investigation since it provides vibrational informations, on IR-active but Raman-inactive modes, at the micrometer scale. Thus, the combination of Raman and hyper-Raman methods accomplishes high spatial resolution vibrational micro-spectroscopy.
Accurate chemical and structural characterization of free-standing zinc oxide (ZnO) and hematite ... more Accurate chemical and structural characterization of free-standing zinc oxide (ZnO) and hematite (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanorods has been carried out using an AFM/Raman correlative technique under polarized light. ZnO nanorods are found to be wurtzite-type single crystalline objects homogeneous in composition and grown along their principal axis of symmetry. Hematite specimens are rhombohedral corundum-type single crystals grown along a direction orthogonal to their principal axis of symmetry and exhibiting structural disorder. Certain hematite nanorods turn out to be very sensitive to laser heating. These studies reveal the high potential of the coupled AFM/Raman technique to examine the properties of these promising nanomaterials.
... de la Libération, Talence, F-33405, France David TALAGA, Vincent RODRIGUEZ, Marc DUSSAUZE ...... more ... de la Libération, Talence, F-33405, France David TALAGA, Vincent RODRIGUEZ, Marc DUSSAUZE ... ISM, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence, F-33405, France Daniel CAURANT, Laurent ... H. Graener, Ionization and photomodification of Ag nanoparticles in soda-lime glass by ...
We report on the micro-and nano-structuring of a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass under hig... more We report on the micro-and nano-structuring of a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass under high repetition rate femtosecond near-infrared laser exposure. Luminescent silver clusters are locally formed thanks to multi-photon absorption. The excitation mechanisms in the glass are investigated with a transient absorption pump-probe experiment. The free electron density of the femtosecond-laser-induced ionized material for irradiation conditions leading to structural modifications is measured. We show that the involved photo-excitation process in the laser-glass interaction is a four-photon absorption and the measured free electron density is on the order of 10 17 cm − 3 , four orders of magnitude below the critical electron density. The luminescence properties of these resulting structures have been investigated. Emission spectra are compared with those collected after different irradiations (γ and electron beams). The migration of silver species has been assigned to be responsible for local modifications and selective acid etching behavior of the structure.
The development of optics requires multiple new optical materials, and in particular transparent ... more The development of optics requires multiple new optical materials, and in particular transparent composite materials in which photonic structures can be implemented. For such purpose, silver doped glasses are of particular interest as photosen-sitive materials in which photonic ...
Experimental understanding of biological and chemical systems is based primarily on measurements ... more Experimental understanding of biological and chemical systems is based primarily on measurements of many molecules and therefore kinetic measurements generally display the evolution of the mean of that ensemble. However, since heterogeneity of structure and mechanism is required to describe complex systems such as proteins and other biological assemblies, this useful paradigm can break down. Recent developments in single molecule
ZnS thin films are made by laser driven chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a single-source prec... more ZnS thin films are made by laser driven chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a single-source precursor, Zn(SâCOCHMeâ)â under vacuum conditions. Photofragments in the gas phase are identified simultaneously by luminescence spectroscopy. The laser selectively activates the initial decomposition of the precursor and drives its conversion to the desired materials under mild conditions. These photolytically produced films are compared to films
Sub-nanolitre droplets engineered in microfluidic devices constitute ideal microreactors to inves... more Sub-nanolitre droplets engineered in microfluidic devices constitute ideal microreactors to investigate the kinetics of chemical reactions on the millisecond time scale. Up to date, fluorescence detection has been extensively used in chemistry and biology to probe reactants and resultant products within such nanodroplets. However, although fluorescence is a very sensitive technique, it lacks intrinsic specificity as frequently fluorescent labels need to be attached to the species of interest. This weakness can be overcome by using vibrational spectroscopy analysis. As an illustrative example, we use confocal Raman microspectroscopy in order to probe the concentration profiles of two interdiffusing solutes within nanolitre droplets transported through a straight microchannel. We establish the feasibility of the experimental method and discuss various aspects related to the space-time resolution and the quantitativeness of the Raman measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that the dropl...
Intervalence electron transfer spectra in mixed-valence molecules are frequently modeled by an in... more Intervalence electron transfer spectra in mixed-valence molecules are frequently modeled by an interacting pair of adiabatic potential energy surfaces. The presence or absence of a double minimum in the lower surface is correlated with trapped or delocalized charges, respectively. In the time-dependent picture of the spectroscopy, calculations are conveniently carried out in a diabatic basis. The choice of a diabatic basis for a given adiabatic potential surface is not unique. The appropriateness of a given representation depends on the physical model that is chosen to represent the system. We present three diabatic models that give the same adiabatic potential surface. The first model represents charge transfer between two sites, the second represents a transition between bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, and the third represents a nonbonding to nonbonding transition. Each of these models gives rise to a different calculated absorption spectrum even though they arise from the same adiabatic picture. A very important consideration after a model is chosen is the selection of the transition dipole moment. We derive and discuss the symmetry of the transition dipole moment for each of the models for the different polarization directions of the incident light and show how the symmetry depends on the choice of the model. Surprisingly, the Condon approximation corresponds to different polarization directions in the different models. We derive the explicit relationships and interconnections between the three models and the adiabatic model. X Abstract published in AdVance ACS Abstracts, April 1, 1996.
Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2011, 2011
ABSTRACT Photoluminescence excited by 325 nm laser light is used to investigate defect population... more ABSTRACT Photoluminescence excited by 325 nm laser light is used to investigate defect populations existing in different surface flaws in high purity fused silica and to achieve a better understanding of laser damage mechanisms. Luminescence bands peaking at 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.7 and 3.1 eV have been detected in the spectral area ranging from 1.6 up to 3.6 eV. According to the literature, the 2.3 eV band would be due to STE's (Self Trapped Excitons) relaxation. In order to study this hypothesis, temperature dependent experiments have been driven in the 90 K-300 K range. For indentations as well as laser damage, we show the evolution of luminescence spectra with temperature. Contrarily to the well known behavior of STE's, which shows a change of several orders of magnitude for luminescence intensity, the 2.3 eV band is weakly influenced by temperature decrease, from the ambient down to 90 K. The Gaussian decomposition of spectra allows dividing the five luminescence bands in two categories. The first one corresponds to bands showing a significant intensity enhancement with temperature decrease, and the second one to bands remaining insensitive to the fall in temperature. That classification may provide helps in order to establish links between luminescence bands and defects.
ABSTRACT In situ temperature dependence of the Photoluminescence under 325nm irradiation is used ... more ABSTRACT In situ temperature dependence of the Photoluminescence under 325nm irradiation is used to investigate defect populations existing in different surface flaws in high purity fused silica. Five photoluminescence bands peaking at 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.63 and 3.11 eV have been detected in the spectral area ranging from 1.6 up to 3.6 eV. The Gaussian deconvolution of spectra allows dividing the five luminescence bands in two categories. The former corresponds to bands showing a significant intensity enhancement while temperature decreases; the latter corresponds to bands remaining insensitive to the temperature evolution. Such a behavior brings new information on defects involved in laser damage mechanism at 351 nm in nanosecond regime.
In this paper, we report the results of photo-luminescence experiments on high purity silica glas... more In this paper, we report the results of photo-luminescence experiments on high purity silica glass. Two different types of defects located on optical pieces are investigated: indented sites and laser damage craters. Visible luminescence excited at the wavelength of 325 nm (3.81 eV) is observed using confocal microscopy. Each type of defect produces qualitatively different luminescence spectra. In the case of indented sites, the well known Oxygen Deficient Center (ODC) band peaking at 2.75 eV is clearly observed, while for laser damage areas, another classical luminescent object is found: the Non Bridging Oxygen Hole Center (NBOHC) which peaks at 1.9 eV. On both types of defects, the luminescence spectra yield a strong peak around 2.2 eV but its interpretation is still controversory.
Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2004, 2005
To obtain better understanding of particulate contamination, chromium dots (50 x 50 &... more To obtain better understanding of particulate contamination, chromium dots (50 x 50 &mum2) were deposited on a silica substrate by photolithography. The aim in using this sample is to observe the mechanism of damage initiation that can be attributed to surface contamination of micro-metric size. A Nd:YAG laser irradiated the sample at 1064 nm for different fluences and also different
ABSTRACT Sputtered silver and gold films with different surface morphologies have been prepared a... more ABSTRACT Sputtered silver and gold films with different surface morphologies have been prepared and coated with a benzenethiol self-assembled monolayer. Rough noble metal films showed strong Raman features assigned to adsorbed benzenethiol molecules upon irradiation over a wide energy range in the visiblespectrum, which disclosed the occurrence of a significant surface-enhanced Raman scattering with maxi-mal enhancement factors as high as 6 × 106. In addition, the adsorption of ethanethiol onto silver surfaces hinders their corrosion over days while preserving mostly intact enhancement properties of naked silver. This study may be applied to develop stable and efficient metalized probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
On page 1345, right column, fourth paragraph, "where q = 4π/λ sin(θ/2)" should read "where q = 4π... more On page 1345, right column, fourth paragraph, "where q = 4π/λ sin(θ/2)" should read "where q = 4πn/λ sin(θ/2), and n is the refractive index of the buffer." In the same paragraph, "refractive index" should be replaced by "viscosity".
ABSTRACT Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic platforms are investigated t... more ABSTRACT Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic platforms are investigated to optimize the detection of biomolecules using silver nanoparticles. The method is established using pefloxacin (an antibacterial agent) as a probe. We first monitor the continuous SERS signal of a 10–5 M pefloxacin solution diffusing continuously into a silver nanoparticle stream across the shared interface separating the two-phase, segmented microfluidic laminar flow system. Diffusion of the pefloxacin adsorbate begins immediately after the two streams merge, generating silver aggregates and producing a huge enhancement of the Raman bands of pefloxacin. We show that the evolution of the SERS signal presents a diffusion-like behavior, whose dynamics can be easily monitored as the signal measured in the flow-wise direction is proportional to the reaction time. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to optimize SERS intensity spectra by adding a controlled amounts of chloride ions through a side channel to control silver particles aggregation and further enhance Raman scattering.
ABSTRACT Double-stranded (ds) DNA of a λ-phage virus are combed on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)... more ABSTRACT Double-stranded (ds) DNA of a λ-phage virus are combed on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-modified borosilicate glass substrates and investigated by means of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) using tips coated with an Ag/Au bilayer. Owing to an enhancement factor higher than 6 ×102 and a lateral spatial resolution better than 9 nm (which is below the size of the tip apex radius), cross-sections of nanowire-shaped thin DNA bundles can be spatially resolved. TER spectra reveal vibrational modes typical of DNA nucleobases and backbone, as confirmed by confocal Raman measurements carried out on dense stacks of DNA strands. While the TER signature of nucleobases is congruent with observations in single-stranded (ss) DNA, additional modes tied to the DNA backbone can be discerned in ds DNA. TERS enables ss and ds DNA samples to be distinguished from each other and hence can be exploited for the detection of DNA hybridization. Moreover, no TER contribution of the OTS layer appears, suggesting that functionalized DNA strands could be studied without spectral perturbation from the substrate. This work paves the way toward the nanoscale spectral study of organized DNA-based nanostructures.
ABSTRACT Bonhommeau, Sebastien Lacroix, Pascal G. Talaga, David Bousseksou, Azzedine Seredyuk, Ma... more ABSTRACT Bonhommeau, Sebastien Lacroix, Pascal G. Talaga, David Bousseksou, Azzedine Seredyuk, Maksym Fritsky, Igor O. Rodriguez, Vincent
We have developed two bright hyper-Rayleigh/hyper-Raman spectrometers that allow the collection o... more We have developed two bright hyper-Rayleigh/hyper-Raman spectrometers that allow the collection of spontaneous signals with high-quality and good spatial resolution. The first macro-spectrometer has been addressed to the study of liquids. The second is a new and original micro-spectrometer which has been designed to study solid and interface media. The micro-hyper-Raman spectrometer opens new fields of investigation since it provides vibrational informations, on IR-active but Raman-inactive modes, at the micrometer scale. Thus, the combination of Raman and hyper-Raman methods accomplishes high spatial resolution vibrational micro-spectroscopy.
Accurate chemical and structural characterization of free-standing zinc oxide (ZnO) and hematite ... more Accurate chemical and structural characterization of free-standing zinc oxide (ZnO) and hematite (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanorods has been carried out using an AFM/Raman correlative technique under polarized light. ZnO nanorods are found to be wurtzite-type single crystalline objects homogeneous in composition and grown along their principal axis of symmetry. Hematite specimens are rhombohedral corundum-type single crystals grown along a direction orthogonal to their principal axis of symmetry and exhibiting structural disorder. Certain hematite nanorods turn out to be very sensitive to laser heating. These studies reveal the high potential of the coupled AFM/Raman technique to examine the properties of these promising nanomaterials.
... de la Libération, Talence, F-33405, France David TALAGA, Vincent RODRIGUEZ, Marc DUSSAUZE ...... more ... de la Libération, Talence, F-33405, France David TALAGA, Vincent RODRIGUEZ, Marc DUSSAUZE ... ISM, 351 Cours de la Libération, Talence, F-33405, France Daniel CAURANT, Laurent ... H. Graener, Ionization and photomodification of Ag nanoparticles in soda-lime glass by ...
We report on the micro-and nano-structuring of a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass under hig... more We report on the micro-and nano-structuring of a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass under high repetition rate femtosecond near-infrared laser exposure. Luminescent silver clusters are locally formed thanks to multi-photon absorption. The excitation mechanisms in the glass are investigated with a transient absorption pump-probe experiment. The free electron density of the femtosecond-laser-induced ionized material for irradiation conditions leading to structural modifications is measured. We show that the involved photo-excitation process in the laser-glass interaction is a four-photon absorption and the measured free electron density is on the order of 10 17 cm − 3 , four orders of magnitude below the critical electron density. The luminescence properties of these resulting structures have been investigated. Emission spectra are compared with those collected after different irradiations (γ and electron beams). The migration of silver species has been assigned to be responsible for local modifications and selective acid etching behavior of the structure.
The development of optics requires multiple new optical materials, and in particular transparent ... more The development of optics requires multiple new optical materials, and in particular transparent composite materials in which photonic structures can be implemented. For such purpose, silver doped glasses are of particular interest as photosen-sitive materials in which photonic ...
Experimental understanding of biological and chemical systems is based primarily on measurements ... more Experimental understanding of biological and chemical systems is based primarily on measurements of many molecules and therefore kinetic measurements generally display the evolution of the mean of that ensemble. However, since heterogeneity of structure and mechanism is required to describe complex systems such as proteins and other biological assemblies, this useful paradigm can break down. Recent developments in single molecule
ZnS thin films are made by laser driven chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a single-source prec... more ZnS thin films are made by laser driven chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from a single-source precursor, Zn(SâCOCHMeâ)â under vacuum conditions. Photofragments in the gas phase are identified simultaneously by luminescence spectroscopy. The laser selectively activates the initial decomposition of the precursor and drives its conversion to the desired materials under mild conditions. These photolytically produced films are compared to films
Sub-nanolitre droplets engineered in microfluidic devices constitute ideal microreactors to inves... more Sub-nanolitre droplets engineered in microfluidic devices constitute ideal microreactors to investigate the kinetics of chemical reactions on the millisecond time scale. Up to date, fluorescence detection has been extensively used in chemistry and biology to probe reactants and resultant products within such nanodroplets. However, although fluorescence is a very sensitive technique, it lacks intrinsic specificity as frequently fluorescent labels need to be attached to the species of interest. This weakness can be overcome by using vibrational spectroscopy analysis. As an illustrative example, we use confocal Raman microspectroscopy in order to probe the concentration profiles of two interdiffusing solutes within nanolitre droplets transported through a straight microchannel. We establish the feasibility of the experimental method and discuss various aspects related to the space-time resolution and the quantitativeness of the Raman measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that the dropl...
Intervalence electron transfer spectra in mixed-valence molecules are frequently modeled by an in... more Intervalence electron transfer spectra in mixed-valence molecules are frequently modeled by an interacting pair of adiabatic potential energy surfaces. The presence or absence of a double minimum in the lower surface is correlated with trapped or delocalized charges, respectively. In the time-dependent picture of the spectroscopy, calculations are conveniently carried out in a diabatic basis. The choice of a diabatic basis for a given adiabatic potential surface is not unique. The appropriateness of a given representation depends on the physical model that is chosen to represent the system. We present three diabatic models that give the same adiabatic potential surface. The first model represents charge transfer between two sites, the second represents a transition between bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, and the third represents a nonbonding to nonbonding transition. Each of these models gives rise to a different calculated absorption spectrum even though they arise from the same adiabatic picture. A very important consideration after a model is chosen is the selection of the transition dipole moment. We derive and discuss the symmetry of the transition dipole moment for each of the models for the different polarization directions of the incident light and show how the symmetry depends on the choice of the model. Surprisingly, the Condon approximation corresponds to different polarization directions in the different models. We derive the explicit relationships and interconnections between the three models and the adiabatic model. X Abstract published in AdVance ACS Abstracts, April 1, 1996.
Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2011, 2011
ABSTRACT Photoluminescence excited by 325 nm laser light is used to investigate defect population... more ABSTRACT Photoluminescence excited by 325 nm laser light is used to investigate defect populations existing in different surface flaws in high purity fused silica and to achieve a better understanding of laser damage mechanisms. Luminescence bands peaking at 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.7 and 3.1 eV have been detected in the spectral area ranging from 1.6 up to 3.6 eV. According to the literature, the 2.3 eV band would be due to STE's (Self Trapped Excitons) relaxation. In order to study this hypothesis, temperature dependent experiments have been driven in the 90 K-300 K range. For indentations as well as laser damage, we show the evolution of luminescence spectra with temperature. Contrarily to the well known behavior of STE's, which shows a change of several orders of magnitude for luminescence intensity, the 2.3 eV band is weakly influenced by temperature decrease, from the ambient down to 90 K. The Gaussian decomposition of spectra allows dividing the five luminescence bands in two categories. The first one corresponds to bands showing a significant intensity enhancement with temperature decrease, and the second one to bands remaining insensitive to the fall in temperature. That classification may provide helps in order to establish links between luminescence bands and defects.
ABSTRACT In situ temperature dependence of the Photoluminescence under 325nm irradiation is used ... more ABSTRACT In situ temperature dependence of the Photoluminescence under 325nm irradiation is used to investigate defect populations existing in different surface flaws in high purity fused silica. Five photoluminescence bands peaking at 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, 2.63 and 3.11 eV have been detected in the spectral area ranging from 1.6 up to 3.6 eV. The Gaussian deconvolution of spectra allows dividing the five luminescence bands in two categories. The former corresponds to bands showing a significant intensity enhancement while temperature decreases; the latter corresponds to bands remaining insensitive to the temperature evolution. Such a behavior brings new information on defects involved in laser damage mechanism at 351 nm in nanosecond regime.
In this paper, we report the results of photo-luminescence experiments on high purity silica glas... more In this paper, we report the results of photo-luminescence experiments on high purity silica glass. Two different types of defects located on optical pieces are investigated: indented sites and laser damage craters. Visible luminescence excited at the wavelength of 325 nm (3.81 eV) is observed using confocal microscopy. Each type of defect produces qualitatively different luminescence spectra. In the case of indented sites, the well known Oxygen Deficient Center (ODC) band peaking at 2.75 eV is clearly observed, while for laser damage areas, another classical luminescent object is found: the Non Bridging Oxygen Hole Center (NBOHC) which peaks at 1.9 eV. On both types of defects, the luminescence spectra yield a strong peak around 2.2 eV but its interpretation is still controversory.
Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2004, 2005
To obtain better understanding of particulate contamination, chromium dots (50 x 50 &... more To obtain better understanding of particulate contamination, chromium dots (50 x 50 &mum2) were deposited on a silica substrate by photolithography. The aim in using this sample is to observe the mechanism of damage initiation that can be attributed to surface contamination of micro-metric size. A Nd:YAG laser irradiated the sample at 1064 nm for different fluences and also different
ABSTRACT Sputtered silver and gold films with different surface morphologies have been prepared a... more ABSTRACT Sputtered silver and gold films with different surface morphologies have been prepared and coated with a benzenethiol self-assembled monolayer. Rough noble metal films showed strong Raman features assigned to adsorbed benzenethiol molecules upon irradiation over a wide energy range in the visiblespectrum, which disclosed the occurrence of a significant surface-enhanced Raman scattering with maxi-mal enhancement factors as high as 6 × 106. In addition, the adsorption of ethanethiol onto silver surfaces hinders their corrosion over days while preserving mostly intact enhancement properties of naked silver. This study may be applied to develop stable and efficient metalized probes for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
On page 1345, right column, fourth paragraph, "where q = 4π/λ sin(θ/2)" should read "where q = 4π... more On page 1345, right column, fourth paragraph, "where q = 4π/λ sin(θ/2)" should read "where q = 4πn/λ sin(θ/2), and n is the refractive index of the buffer." In the same paragraph, "refractive index" should be replaced by "viscosity".
ABSTRACT Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic platforms are investigated t... more ABSTRACT Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based microfluidic platforms are investigated to optimize the detection of biomolecules using silver nanoparticles. The method is established using pefloxacin (an antibacterial agent) as a probe. We first monitor the continuous SERS signal of a 10–5 M pefloxacin solution diffusing continuously into a silver nanoparticle stream across the shared interface separating the two-phase, segmented microfluidic laminar flow system. Diffusion of the pefloxacin adsorbate begins immediately after the two streams merge, generating silver aggregates and producing a huge enhancement of the Raman bands of pefloxacin. We show that the evolution of the SERS signal presents a diffusion-like behavior, whose dynamics can be easily monitored as the signal measured in the flow-wise direction is proportional to the reaction time. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to optimize SERS intensity spectra by adding a controlled amounts of chloride ions through a side channel to control silver particles aggregation and further enhance Raman scattering.
ABSTRACT Double-stranded (ds) DNA of a λ-phage virus are combed on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)... more ABSTRACT Double-stranded (ds) DNA of a λ-phage virus are combed on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-modified borosilicate glass substrates and investigated by means of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) using tips coated with an Ag/Au bilayer. Owing to an enhancement factor higher than 6 ×102 and a lateral spatial resolution better than 9 nm (which is below the size of the tip apex radius), cross-sections of nanowire-shaped thin DNA bundles can be spatially resolved. TER spectra reveal vibrational modes typical of DNA nucleobases and backbone, as confirmed by confocal Raman measurements carried out on dense stacks of DNA strands. While the TER signature of nucleobases is congruent with observations in single-stranded (ss) DNA, additional modes tied to the DNA backbone can be discerned in ds DNA. TERS enables ss and ds DNA samples to be distinguished from each other and hence can be exploited for the detection of DNA hybridization. Moreover, no TER contribution of the OTS layer appears, suggesting that functionalized DNA strands could be studied without spectral perturbation from the substrate. This work paves the way toward the nanoscale spectral study of organized DNA-based nanostructures.
ABSTRACT Bonhommeau, Sebastien Lacroix, Pascal G. Talaga, David Bousseksou, Azzedine Seredyuk, Ma... more ABSTRACT Bonhommeau, Sebastien Lacroix, Pascal G. Talaga, David Bousseksou, Azzedine Seredyuk, Maksym Fritsky, Igor O. Rodriguez, Vincent
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