Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysp... more Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. However, most studies have been observational, uncontrolled and conducted in populations at low risk for invasive cancer. We report a pilot case-control study of incident invasive cervical cancer in Panama, Costa Rica and Bogota, Colombia. Between July and September 1985 we enrolled 46 consecutive newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer cases and 51 agematched control women. Subjects were interviewed and samples collected for HPV D N A assays. HPV infection was defined by a filter in situ D N A hybidization technique under non-stringent and stringent conditions against HPVdII I, 16 and 18 D N A probes. More cases (91 %) than controls (63%) had HPV D N A detected (non-stringent) and more cases than controls had HPV-16 or 18 D N A (67% vs. 43%, p = 0.02). Age at first intercourse was the most significant risk factor for HPV 16/18 infection in all subjects. Smoking was significantly associated with cervical cancer (52% of cases vs. 27% controls) but was not associated with HPV infection.
The Cytobrush was compared with the cotton swab for collecting samples used to detect human papil... more The Cytobrush was compared with the cotton swab for collecting samples used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 DNA by filter in situ hybridization. The study design entailed collecting two endocervical and one vaginal fornix sample from each of 200 women admitted to a colposcopy clinic. No difference was found in the HPV positivity rates in samples obtained with the two collection instruments. There was good agreement (91.5%) in the detection of viral DNA between the first and second endocervical samples; however, 15% of the patients with positive samples had detectable DNA in their second sample only. Significantly fewer samples from the fornix contained detectable HPV-16 or HPV-18 DNA than did endocervical samples.
Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evide... more Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evidence of the diseases, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by Southern blot hybridization, in situ filter hybridization, or in situ tissue hybridization methods. A total of 89% (23 of 26) of the condylomatous lesions contained HPV DNAs, as determined by one or more of the methods. The positive rates for the detection of HPV DNA in condylomas by the different methods were 82% for Southern blot hybridization, 62% for in situ filter hybridization, and 72% for in situ tissue hybridization. Among the specimens from patients with cancer, HPV DNA was found in 83% (19 of 23) by one or more of the methods. Positive rates of 89 and 70%, respectively, were obtained for cancer lesions tested by the filter in situ and Southern blot hybridization methods; however, only 30% of those lesions were positive by the in situ tissue hybridization method. Thirteen percent of the control cervices were positive for HPV DNA by one or more of the assays. With respect to all disease categories, the methods had comparable sensitivities and specificities, except for the in situ tissue hybridization method, which revealed a specificity of 72% for condylomatous lesions and 30% for invasive cancer cells.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysp... more Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. However, most studies have been observational, uncontrolled and conducted in populations at low risk for invasive cancer. We report a pilot case-control study of incident invasive cervical cancer in Panama, Costa Rica and Bogota, Colombia. Between July and September 1985 we enrolled 46 consecutive newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer cases and 51 agematched control women. Subjects were interviewed and samples collected for HPV D N A assays. HPV infection was defined by a filter in situ D N A hybidization technique under non-stringent and stringent conditions against HPVdII I, 16 and 18 D N A probes. More cases (91 %) than controls (63%) had HPV D N A detected (non-stringent) and more cases than controls had HPV-16 or 18 D N A (67% vs. 43%, p = 0.02). Age at first intercourse was the most significant risk factor for HPV 16/18 infection in all subjects. Smoking was significantly associated with cervical cancer (52% of cases vs. 27% controls) but was not associated with HPV infection.
Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women ... more Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women from high-risk populations. Samples were collected from 183 Panama City prostitutes and assessed for HPV (filter in situ DNA hybridization) and for sexually transmitted agents. The cohort was followed for 8 mo; 51% of subjects completed four monthly return visits and 16% were sampled eight times. The proportion of women found infected with HPV increased significantly with increasing numbers of consecutive samples tested; 38 (21%) of 183 women were positive after one visit and 46 (82%) of 56 who completed six visits were infected. The pattern of viral detection over time was not random, which implied that most prostitutes were persistently infected with genital HPVs and that either scattered foci of infection or periodic reactivation of latent virus occurred. Our findings suggest that multiple sampling is necessary to accurately estimate HPV infection rates and to define whether patterns of DNA expression are present.
In a retrospective case-control study biopsy specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN... more In a retrospective case-control study biopsy specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions from 47 women in whom invasive cancer subsequently developed (cases) and from 94 control subjects in whom CIN was diagnosed within 6 months of the diagnosis for the matched case subject but invasive disease did not develop were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA with tissue in-situ hybridization. There were no significant differences in the frequency of detection of HPV DNA between the two groups. In a cross-sectional survey the prevalence of HPV DNA was found to be 11% in specimens without CIN, 27% in those with CIN I, 49% in those with CIN II and 56% in those with CIN III. The positivity rates for HPV 16/33 DNA increased with the severity of CIN, but this was not observed for HPV 6/11 and 18 DNA. A comparison of the results of the case-control and cross-sectional studies suggested that the younger cohort of women had higher prevalence rates of HPV DNA than the older cohort.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 1993
Virologists conducted HIV serodiagnostic tests on serum samples from 339 san Nicolau natives livi... more Virologists conducted HIV serodiagnostic tests on serum samples from 339 san Nicolau natives living on the island of San Nicolau Cape Verde and from 313 San Nicolau immigrants living in New England US (from 1963) and from 335 San Nicolau Cape Verde natives (from 1987) to determine whether HIV-2 existed in Cape Verde in 1963 and to compare the 1963 prevalence with that of 1987. Among the 1963 serum samples 2 (0.6%) samples from immigrants living in New England and 2 (0.6%) samples from San Nicolau natives reacted to the HIV-2 ELISA (just in the p24 band) but the immunoblot analysis did not confirm HIV-2 positivity in any of these samples. On the other hand 28 samples (8.4%) from San Nicolau natives in 1987 reacted to HIV-2 ELISA yet the immunoblot analysis confirmed HIV-2 positivity (gp140/41) in just 4 (1.2%) samples. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence between 1963 and 1987 (p = .049). These findings suggested that HIV-2 was relatively new to Cape Verde in 1987 and has recently infected humans. This study should settle the controversy surrounding the concern that Cape Verde may be the origin for HIV-2 transmission in the US sparked by detection of 3 HIV-2 positive cases in the late 1980s among immigrants with Cape Verdean origins living in New England. Nevertheless the distribution of HIV-2 could be similar to that of HIV-1 in that they both dispersed more widely as people became more migratory.
Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women ... more Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women from high-risk populations. Samples were collected from 183 Panama City prostitutes and assessed for HPV (filter in situ DNA hybridization) and for sexually transmitted agents. The cohort was followed for 8 mo; 51% of subjects completed four monthly return visits and 16% were sampled eight times. The proportion of women found infected with HPV increased significantly with increasing numbers of consecutive samples tested; 38 (21%) of 183 women were positive after one visit and 46 (82%) of 56 who completed six visits were infected. The pattern of viral detection over time was not random, which implied that most prostitutes were persistently infected with genital HPVs and that either scattered foci of infection or periodic reactivation of latent virus occurred. Our findings suggest that multiple sampling is necessary to accurately estimate HPV infection rates and to define whether patterns of DNA expression are present.
During the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses... more During the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may enhance the expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) and that the development of anal epithelial abnormality is related to a biologic interaction between these two viruses. Overall, 41 (39%) of the 105 men had anal swabs positive for one or more enotypes of HPV 6/1 I, 16/18 or 31/33/35. Twenty-three (53k) of the 43 HIV-positive subjects harbored HPV compared to 18 (29%) of the 64 HIV-negative subjects (p = 0.012). including higher prevalence rates for HPV genotypes 16/18 (p = O.Ol), 6/1 I (p = 0.007). and 31/33/35 (p = 0.07). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the HIV-positive subjects showed low CD4+ cell counts to be an independent risk factor for detection of HPV (p = 0.04) and in particular for HPV genotypes 31/33/35 (p = 0.02) and 611 I (p = 0.07). In contrast, similar analysis of the HIV-negative subset showed that a positive antibody test for syphilis was associated with HPV (p = 0.03). Anal epithelial abnormalities were found in 13 (14%) of 92 technically adequate cytologic smears and were strongly associated with detection of any HPV genotypes by the dot-blot method (p = O.Ol), and in particular with HPV genotypes 6/1 I (p = 0.001). None of I S subjects with HPV detected only by PCR had anal epithelial abnormality. We propose a viral interaction model, in which HIV-related immune deficiency allows reactivation of HPV, with a subsequent or concomitant appearance of epithelial abnormality.
Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evide... more Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evidence of the diseases, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by Southern blot hybridization, in situ filter hybridization, or in situ tissue hybridization methods. A total of 89% (23 of 26) of the condylomatous lesions contained HPV DNAs, as determined by one or more of the methods. The positive rates for the detection of HPV DNA in condylomas by the different methods were 82% for Southern blot hybridization, 62% for in situ filter hybridization, and 72% for in situ tissue hybridization. Among the specimens from patients with cancer, HPV DNA was found in 83% (19 of 23) by one or more of the methods. Positive rates of 89 and 70%, respectively, were obtained for cancer lesions tested by the filter in situ and Southern blot hybridization methods; however, only 30% of those lesions were positive by the in situ tissue hybridization method. Thirteen p...
Robin Fears and co-authors discuss evidence-informed regional and global policy responses to heal... more Robin Fears and co-authors discuss evidence-informed regional and global policy responses to health impacts of climate change.
... In: 43rd IUPAC General Assembly, 13 - 21 August 2005, Beijing, China. (Unpublished). Full tex... more ... In: 43rd IUPAC General Assembly, 13 - 21 August 2005, Beijing, China. (Unpublished). Full text is not in this repository. Item Type: Conference or Workshop Item (Paper). ... Deposited On: 24 Jun 2010 07:00. Last Modified: 29 Dec 2010 06:09. Repository Staff Only: item control page ...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysp... more Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. However, most studies have been observational, uncontrolled and conducted in populations at low risk for invasive cancer. We report a pilot case-control study of incident invasive cervical cancer in Panama, Costa Rica and Bogota, Colombia. Between July and September 1985 we enrolled 46 consecutive newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer cases and 51 agematched control women. Subjects were interviewed and samples collected for HPV D N A assays. HPV infection was defined by a filter in situ D N A hybidization technique under non-stringent and stringent conditions against HPVdII I, 16 and 18 D N A probes. More cases (91 %) than controls (63%) had HPV D N A detected (non-stringent) and more cases than controls had HPV-16 or 18 D N A (67% vs. 43%, p = 0.02). Age at first intercourse was the most significant risk factor for HPV 16/18 infection in all subjects. Smoking was significantly associated with cervical cancer (52% of cases vs. 27% controls) but was not associated with HPV infection.
The Cytobrush was compared with the cotton swab for collecting samples used to detect human papil... more The Cytobrush was compared with the cotton swab for collecting samples used to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 DNA by filter in situ hybridization. The study design entailed collecting two endocervical and one vaginal fornix sample from each of 200 women admitted to a colposcopy clinic. No difference was found in the HPV positivity rates in samples obtained with the two collection instruments. There was good agreement (91.5%) in the detection of viral DNA between the first and second endocervical samples; however, 15% of the patients with positive samples had detectable DNA in their second sample only. Significantly fewer samples from the fornix contained detectable HPV-16 or HPV-18 DNA than did endocervical samples.
Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evide... more Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evidence of the diseases, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by Southern blot hybridization, in situ filter hybridization, or in situ tissue hybridization methods. A total of 89% (23 of 26) of the condylomatous lesions contained HPV DNAs, as determined by one or more of the methods. The positive rates for the detection of HPV DNA in condylomas by the different methods were 82% for Southern blot hybridization, 62% for in situ filter hybridization, and 72% for in situ tissue hybridization. Among the specimens from patients with cancer, HPV DNA was found in 83% (19 of 23) by one or more of the methods. Positive rates of 89 and 70%, respectively, were obtained for cancer lesions tested by the filter in situ and Southern blot hybridization methods; however, only 30% of those lesions were positive by the in situ tissue hybridization method. Thirteen percent of the control cervices were positive for HPV DNA by one or more of the assays. With respect to all disease categories, the methods had comparable sensitivities and specificities, except for the in situ tissue hybridization method, which revealed a specificity of 72% for condylomatous lesions and 30% for invasive cancer cells.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysp... more Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. However, most studies have been observational, uncontrolled and conducted in populations at low risk for invasive cancer. We report a pilot case-control study of incident invasive cervical cancer in Panama, Costa Rica and Bogota, Colombia. Between July and September 1985 we enrolled 46 consecutive newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer cases and 51 agematched control women. Subjects were interviewed and samples collected for HPV D N A assays. HPV infection was defined by a filter in situ D N A hybidization technique under non-stringent and stringent conditions against HPVdII I, 16 and 18 D N A probes. More cases (91 %) than controls (63%) had HPV D N A detected (non-stringent) and more cases than controls had HPV-16 or 18 D N A (67% vs. 43%, p = 0.02). Age at first intercourse was the most significant risk factor for HPV 16/18 infection in all subjects. Smoking was significantly associated with cervical cancer (52% of cases vs. 27% controls) but was not associated with HPV infection.
Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women ... more Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women from high-risk populations. Samples were collected from 183 Panama City prostitutes and assessed for HPV (filter in situ DNA hybridization) and for sexually transmitted agents. The cohort was followed for 8 mo; 51% of subjects completed four monthly return visits and 16% were sampled eight times. The proportion of women found infected with HPV increased significantly with increasing numbers of consecutive samples tested; 38 (21%) of 183 women were positive after one visit and 46 (82%) of 56 who completed six visits were infected. The pattern of viral detection over time was not random, which implied that most prostitutes were persistently infected with genital HPVs and that either scattered foci of infection or periodic reactivation of latent virus occurred. Our findings suggest that multiple sampling is necessary to accurately estimate HPV infection rates and to define whether patterns of DNA expression are present.
In a retrospective case-control study biopsy specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN... more In a retrospective case-control study biopsy specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions from 47 women in whom invasive cancer subsequently developed (cases) and from 94 control subjects in whom CIN was diagnosed within 6 months of the diagnosis for the matched case subject but invasive disease did not develop were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA with tissue in-situ hybridization. There were no significant differences in the frequency of detection of HPV DNA between the two groups. In a cross-sectional survey the prevalence of HPV DNA was found to be 11% in specimens without CIN, 27% in those with CIN I, 49% in those with CIN II and 56% in those with CIN III. The positivity rates for HPV 16/33 DNA increased with the severity of CIN, but this was not observed for HPV 6/11 and 18 DNA. A comparison of the results of the case-control and cross-sectional studies suggested that the younger cohort of women had higher prevalence rates of HPV DNA than the older cohort.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 1993
Virologists conducted HIV serodiagnostic tests on serum samples from 339 san Nicolau natives livi... more Virologists conducted HIV serodiagnostic tests on serum samples from 339 san Nicolau natives living on the island of San Nicolau Cape Verde and from 313 San Nicolau immigrants living in New England US (from 1963) and from 335 San Nicolau Cape Verde natives (from 1987) to determine whether HIV-2 existed in Cape Verde in 1963 and to compare the 1963 prevalence with that of 1987. Among the 1963 serum samples 2 (0.6%) samples from immigrants living in New England and 2 (0.6%) samples from San Nicolau natives reacted to the HIV-2 ELISA (just in the p24 band) but the immunoblot analysis did not confirm HIV-2 positivity in any of these samples. On the other hand 28 samples (8.4%) from San Nicolau natives in 1987 reacted to HIV-2 ELISA yet the immunoblot analysis confirmed HIV-2 positivity (gp140/41) in just 4 (1.2%) samples. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence between 1963 and 1987 (p = .049). These findings suggested that HIV-2 was relatively new to Cape Verde in 1987 and has recently infected humans. This study should settle the controversy surrounding the concern that Cape Verde may be the origin for HIV-2 transmission in the US sparked by detection of 3 HIV-2 positive cases in the late 1980s among immigrants with Cape Verdean origins living in New England. Nevertheless the distribution of HIV-2 could be similar to that of HIV-1 in that they both dispersed more widely as people became more migratory.
Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women ... more Little is known of the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women from high-risk populations. Samples were collected from 183 Panama City prostitutes and assessed for HPV (filter in situ DNA hybridization) and for sexually transmitted agents. The cohort was followed for 8 mo; 51% of subjects completed four monthly return visits and 16% were sampled eight times. The proportion of women found infected with HPV increased significantly with increasing numbers of consecutive samples tested; 38 (21%) of 183 women were positive after one visit and 46 (82%) of 56 who completed six visits were infected. The pattern of viral detection over time was not random, which implied that most prostitutes were persistently infected with genital HPVs and that either scattered foci of infection or periodic reactivation of latent virus occurred. Our findings suggest that multiple sampling is necessary to accurately estimate HPV infection rates and to define whether patterns of DNA expression are present.
During the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses... more During the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may enhance the expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) and that the development of anal epithelial abnormality is related to a biologic interaction between these two viruses. Overall, 41 (39%) of the 105 men had anal swabs positive for one or more enotypes of HPV 6/1 I, 16/18 or 31/33/35. Twenty-three (53k) of the 43 HIV-positive subjects harbored HPV compared to 18 (29%) of the 64 HIV-negative subjects (p = 0.012). including higher prevalence rates for HPV genotypes 16/18 (p = O.Ol), 6/1 I (p = 0.007). and 31/33/35 (p = 0.07). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the HIV-positive subjects showed low CD4+ cell counts to be an independent risk factor for detection of HPV (p = 0.04) and in particular for HPV genotypes 31/33/35 (p = 0.02) and 611 I (p = 0.07). In contrast, similar analysis of the HIV-negative subset showed that a positive antibody test for syphilis was associated with HPV (p = 0.03). Anal epithelial abnormalities were found in 13 (14%) of 92 technically adequate cytologic smears and were strongly associated with detection of any HPV genotypes by the dot-blot method (p = O.Ol), and in particular with HPV genotypes 6/1 I (p = 0.001). None of I S subjects with HPV detected only by PCR had anal epithelial abnormality. We propose a viral interaction model, in which HIV-related immune deficiency allows reactivation of HPV, with a subsequent or concomitant appearance of epithelial abnormality.
Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evide... more Specimens from 26 condylomatous lesions, 24 invasive cancer cells, and 33 cervices, without evidence of the diseases, were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by Southern blot hybridization, in situ filter hybridization, or in situ tissue hybridization methods. A total of 89% (23 of 26) of the condylomatous lesions contained HPV DNAs, as determined by one or more of the methods. The positive rates for the detection of HPV DNA in condylomas by the different methods were 82% for Southern blot hybridization, 62% for in situ filter hybridization, and 72% for in situ tissue hybridization. Among the specimens from patients with cancer, HPV DNA was found in 83% (19 of 23) by one or more of the methods. Positive rates of 89 and 70%, respectively, were obtained for cancer lesions tested by the filter in situ and Southern blot hybridization methods; however, only 30% of those lesions were positive by the in situ tissue hybridization method. Thirteen p...
Robin Fears and co-authors discuss evidence-informed regional and global policy responses to heal... more Robin Fears and co-authors discuss evidence-informed regional and global policy responses to health impacts of climate change.
... In: 43rd IUPAC General Assembly, 13 - 21 August 2005, Beijing, China. (Unpublished). Full tex... more ... In: 43rd IUPAC General Assembly, 13 - 21 August 2005, Beijing, China. (Unpublished). Full text is not in this repository. Item Type: Conference or Workshop Item (Paper). ... Deposited On: 24 Jun 2010 07:00. Last Modified: 29 Dec 2010 06:09. Repository Staff Only: item control page ...
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