Papers by Carlos Jorge Sousa
Alto Douro Wine Region, classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO since December 14, 2001, is... more Alto Douro Wine Region, classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO since December 14, 2001, is composed of thirteen counties along the slopes of the Douro River and its tributaries, Varosa, Corgo, Távora, Tordo and Pinhão. Upon classification, the expectations generated were high, expecting such an increase in tourist attraction, stimulated by greater disclosure and visibility in the region, is also intending it to be the lever of economic development for the region. With this research it was intended to check and analyse the impact on tourism, after assigning the classification of World Heritage Site, by UNESCO, the demarcated region of Alto Douro Wine Region (ADWR). The study fell on a transition period between the before and after classification of the World Heritage demarcated region of ADWR, in order to determine the impact that this has caused in this period. For this we calculated some indicators of tourism activity, recorded in the period between 1995 and 2009. The result...
R&D Management, 2014
In this paper we explore how managers' export experience can affect the change in product design ... more In this paper we explore how managers' export experience can affect the change in product design following changes in perceived past performance. Using data from 519 Portuguese exporters we find that performance improvement will encourage safe decision making in which firms either will not change the product design or will change it in a way that makes it more similar across the product range. However, when managers' export experience is greater they encourage change in ways that could support product differentiation. The abilities of experienced managers to read the market, i.e. to interpret changes in performance and translate them into product specifications, help explain these findings. We contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we explore the relationship between past export performance change, product design, and managers' export experience. Second, we identify specific kinds of design changes that firms adopt in response to changes in different dimensions of organizational performance. Based on our findings we would recommend to new product development managers to consider both managers' export experience and the dimension used to measure performance when evaluating calls for standardizing the design by export managers. Our findings suggest that such calls could be driven by short-term gains in export performance. Furthermore, we would also emphasize the need to routinely capture information from experienced export managers to ensure that it is considered in future decisions about design changes.
Management International Review, 2014
This paper investigates the effect of proprietary costs in relation to managers' decisions to d... more This paper investigates the effect of proprietary costs in relation to managers' decisions to disclose information. Further, we look into the impact of factors affecting the timing of disclosures in a comparative study of Spain and the UK. Our investigation focuses on management earnings press releases discussing annual results. These press releases allow managers great discretion in terms of the decision to release and the timing. Our results show that the potential for growth is negatively related to the likelihood of a company voluntarily issuing a press release. Moreover, once the decision to voluntarily disclose is made, the timing is also relevant. We find significant differences in the timing of press releases between the two countries examined in this study. Also, significant differences between companies having or not having an investor relations department are evident. The existence of an investor relations function in the company seems to have a different impact depending on the country. Interestingly, even though corporate performance seems not to have a direct effect on the timing of the press release, this factor is moderated by the country where companies operate.
International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 2012
Although a number of studies have examined the antecedents of export performance, little empirica... more Although a number of studies have examined the antecedents of export performance, little empirical attention has been given to the influence of distribution support and price adaptation on this issue. To address this gap in the literature, this article develops a new model which integrates these two constructs as key variables affecting export performance. The results suggest that support given to the distributor has a strong and positive impact on export performance. In addition, the findings indicate that distribution support plays a mediating role in the model. Contrary to expectations, the results show that price adaptation has no significant impact on export performance. Although in the literature price adaptation and export performance is assumed to have a linear relationship, further analysis shows a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between these two constructs. The implications of these findings along with the limitations of the study are discussed.
International Marketing Review, 2011
PurposeDespite considerable research on psychic distance (PD), research into the topic is confoun... more PurposeDespite considerable research on psychic distance (PD), research into the topic is confounded by a general failure to precisely define and fully operationalize the construct. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new measurement scale to assess psychic distance (the PD scale), and also to investigate the impact of the PD scale on the adaptation of international marketing strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses data collected by mail questionnaire in a sample survey of 301 export firms. The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Various statistical tests show that the results are reliable and valid.FindingsFindings reveal that psychic distance is a higher‐order construct composed of two dimensions: country distance and people distance. The results also indicate that both dimensions of the PD scale are positively and significantly associated with cultural distance and the adaptation of product, promotion, pricing and distribution strategies t...
ED case study-Manchester Triage Protocol v.II COLORS MTS PRIORITY Waiting Time (m) Red Immediate ... more ED case study-Manchester Triage Protocol v.II COLORS MTS PRIORITY Waiting Time (m) Red Immediate 0 Orange Very Urgent 10 Yellow Urgent 60 Green Standard 120 Blue Non-Urgent 240 WORKFLOW: 1. The patient arrive at the hospital emergency. 2. After admission is referred for nursing attendance. 3.The nurse will ask some questions about the coming reason (Protocol), fill in all the data and gets a color as output (care priority). 4. After that, the patient will be added to Soarian in ED Tracking Board worklist. Colors: There are 5 colors, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green and Blue. These colors represent patient degree of gravity and the clinical acceptable time for medical evaluation and treatment.
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Papers by Carlos Jorge Sousa