Papers by CRISTINA MIHAILOVICI
Academia. Edu, 2022
In a global commercial crisis, with challenges as Brexit, climate change, COVID 19 and war, INCOT... more In a global commercial crisis, with challenges as Brexit, climate change, COVID 19 and war, INCOTERMS 2020 could bring a positive contribution to all multimodal transports if they are choose correctly and used in the right way. Maritime industry represents the principal engine for the whole trade world with all disruptions, congestions at ports, lockdowns, labour crisis or environmental issues, and this is a huge responsibility for all maritime professionals involved onboard and ashore. INCOTERMS 2020 benefits are evident for all parts involved during the commercial process, improving the supply chain process, and now in the era of digitalisation, circular economy and low carbon targets, we need more than ever to take responsibility on how to approach them, specially in the international maritime trade, and in a plain global economic crisis.
This article discusses predictions on the ports efficiency in the actual Romanian ports, in the s... more This article discusses predictions on the ports efficiency in the actual Romanian ports, in the short and medium term. The author is looking for answering some questions related to measures leading to development of the Romanian Ports and their management.
Journal of marine technology and environment, 2011
The Black Sea constitutes a unique link between Asia and Europe and has a very important role in ... more The Black Sea constitutes a unique link between Asia and Europe and has a very important role in world trade because of the fact that the Black Sea European Commission (BSEC) Countries generate 1/5 of the world trade. With a strategic importance to the West, and to Europe in particular, the BSEC is bound to substantially increase in the coming years. Given the region’s geostrategic position as a natural link between Europe and Asia, and between Central Asia and the Middle East, the BSEC constitutes a vital trade link as well as an important area of transit.
Journal of marine technology and environment, 2011
Many tanker accidents in the Black Seas have caused oil pollution and coastal industries continue... more Many tanker accidents in the Black Seas have caused oil pollution and coastal industries continue to discharge waste products directly into the seas with little or no treatment. This in correlation with huge industrial activity in the area, shipping and offshore oil exploration created a critical environmental state, and all aesthetic beauty has disappeared from this area. Black Sea pollution has increased in recent years because of heavy rains, which led to the transportation of large quantities of silt, and also because of the overflow in the Danube of chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) that were used in Germany and Austria. Meanwhile, the abandoned vessels along the Danube and Black Sea coast are a permanent source of pollution because of the heavy metals that they contain. The objective of this paper is to show the role of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), which is able to provide pollution response and operational and technical assistance.
The scope of this thesis is to searching the potential ofthe maritime traffic in the Black Sea, t... more The scope of this thesis is to searching the potential ofthe maritime traffic in the Black Sea, the good application of the INCOTERMS in this region and the opportunities of maritime transport with the others seas. The research project conducted in this thesis uses qualitative methods: interviews with people that working in the maritime transport in the Black Sea that were made through e-mail to get a practical view on the topic, statistics and studies makes by me in the practice. The results indicate that there are no outstanding obstacles for the development of the commercial maritime traffic in the Black Sea and that the maritime companies of the world are very interested to start a large process to export and import in this region, ofcourse applying correct the INCOTERMS. Also, we analyze in this study the im portance of the Bosporus Strait that connecting the Black Sea with the Mediterrean Sea and offers big opportunities to the global maritime transport. The studies in this fi...
Journal of maritime research, 2015
The Black Sea region, a large horizon ready to open, ready to explore, ready to show her energy, ... more The Black Sea region, a large horizon ready to open, ready to explore, ready to show her energy, her power and opportunities. But how we are preparing for this?. It is a high compettiton between all the actors implicated in this field. The industry was informed to this potential resources by a major study undertaken by Purvin and Gertz in 2011, which predicted a development of a Romanian offshore industry and now exist many recently studies that confirmed the resources of the Black Sea. We all nnow about the emergence of shale gas in europe, in the last years because is increasing evidence os a more united approach on energy, so the exploration and development of gas reserves in the Black Sea is an optimal alternative to supply gas from the Caspian to South-Eastern Europe. But this good alternative implicates problems generated by costs, transportation and security of the very long pipelines that will pass through several countries till reaching their final destination. We try in th...
Black Sea region represents a priority for the EU. An EU action in the Black Sea region is about ... more Black Sea region represents a priority for the EU. An EU action in the Black Sea region is about changing the structure of the social and political weight, so that it becomes more open and more democratic. The EU is the main destination for exports from the Black Sea region, and is its principal source of financing in the shape of lending, investment, and official assistance. A prolonged economic recession in the EU has a negative effect on growth prospects for the Black Sea region, whereas a rapid recovery represents an undoubted boost. The governance of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea is becoming a fundamental problem for Europe. It has been given a notable stimulus by the Euro-Mediterranean-Black Sea Partnership. Exist in Europe a strong competition, so it is very important for European Union to elaborate a strategy to develop the traffic to the South of the Mediterranean, particularly with the Middle East and with the Black Sea countries.
Page 1. 1 THE PORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN MARITIME SAFETY SPECIFIC CASE RO... more Page 1. 1 THE PORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN MARITIME SAFETY SPECIFIC CASE ROMANIAN NAVAL AUTHORITY PROF. DR. JAIME RODRIGO DE LARRUCEA PHD.CRISTINA STELIANA MIHAILOVICI ...
Black Sea region represents a priority for the EU. An EU action in the Black Sea region is about ... more Black Sea region represents a priority for the EU. An EU action in the Black Sea region is about changing the structure of the social and political weight, so that it becomes more open and more democratic. The EU is the main destination for exports from the Black Sea region, and is its principal source of financing in the shape of lending, investment, and official assistance. A prolonged economic recession in the EU has a negative effect on growth prospects for the Black Sea region, whereas a rapid recovery represents an undoubted boost. The governance of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea is becoming a fundamental problem for Europe. It has been given a notable stimulus by the Euro-Mediterranean-Black Sea Partnership. Exist in Europe a strong competition, so it is very important for European Union to elaborate a strategy to develop the traffic to the South of the Mediterranean, particularly with the Middle East and with the Black Sea countries.
The new international convention on ship recycling was adopted by IMO in May 2009 in Hong Kong, C... more The new international convention on ship recycling was adopted by IMO in May 2009 in Hong Kong, China, in accordance with IMO in December 2009. The Hong Kong International Convention for the environmentally sound management and security ships 1 recycling is to ensure that vessels are to be recycled once they have reached the end of its useful life not involve an unreasonable risk to human health and safety or the environment. This new agreement includes: the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships to facilitate safe and environmentally sound recycling, without compromising the safety and operational efficiency of ships, the operation of ship recycling facilities in terms of Safety and Environment and the establishment of an enforcement mechanism for ship recycling, incorporating certification and reporting requirements. The text has been developed over three years of preparatory work before the Conference, with contributions from Member States of IMO and non-governmental organizations and in cooperation with the ILO and the parties of Convention Basilea 2 .
Black Sea region represents a priority for the EU. An EU action in the Black Sea region is about ... more Black Sea region represents a priority for the EU. An EU action in the Black Sea region is about changing the structure of the social and political weight, so that it becomes more open and more democratic. The EU is the main destination for exports from the Black Sea region, and is its principal source of financing in the shape of lending, investment, and official assistance. A prolonged economic recession in the EU has a negative effect on growth prospects for the Black Sea region, whereas a rapid recovery represents an undoubted boost. The governance of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea is becoming a fundamental problem for Europe. It has been given a notable stimulus by the Euro-Mediterranean-Black Sea Partnership. Exist in Europe a strong competition, so it is very important for European Union to elaborate a strategy to develop the traffic to the South of the Mediterranean, particularly with the Middle East and with the Black Sea countries.
Seafarers between duty risk and dedication COVID 19, 2020
COVID-19 has a huge negative over the maritime industry and seafarer's health and wellbeing is un... more COVID-19 has a huge negative over the maritime industry and seafarer's health and wellbeing is under pressure and risks conditions more than ever. Lack of PPE, vessel detained in ports due the pandemic or repatriation are some of the factors that are increasing seafarer's frustration and stress. Conform IMO, thousands of seafarers were "trapped" on board ships, expressing their fatigue, mental stress and anxiety. Seafarer's mental health and wellbeing improvements represents the principal objectives for the whole maritime industry and all maritime organisations and actors involved are working together to take future actions to implement plans and strategies in this direction. Seafarers recognition like keyworkers represents a motivation for them like result of their professional sacrifice in this challenging period of time in all the world.
In the last years sustainability is the best concept and solution for all our World affected by t... more In the last years sustainability is the best concept and solution for all our World affected by the negative impacts of climate change. When we are talking about sustainability in maritime we are connected not only with the environment protection problems but we are connected with people issues-employees and employers, shipowners or port managers, port authorities, international organisations or educational institutions-all working together and planning strategies for the best possible development and implementation of sustainability strategy in maritime. Global sustainability must be the first principle taken in account when we are planning any business and our social responsibility must be focused on the following equation: Natural Resources Consumption + Business Profits = Natural Resources Replenishment + Sustainable Business Planning&Strategies. Marine management and maritime law supporting global sustainability Speaking about marine management ashore or onboard we are focus on an efficient implementation for a health and safety culture balanced by a sustainable culture. Unfortunately in our practice we are missing important sustainability's key aspects, even if we are including them in our sustainability strategies and reports. We are dedicated much time for planning an effective protection of the marine environment and promoting renewable energies, but in the same time we must to focus and work more on seafarers well-being, equality rights, ethics and education in this direction. We must to find the balance between maritime business industry, environmental protection and her social impact. Port managers must to include in their management strategies and plans all global sustainability aspects and they must to collaborate with other ports, stakeholders, shipowners and port authorities to can develop and improve this aspect. Also, quality management is a very important aspect when we are debate this topic and ISO 14001 and Environmental Management System are vital elements that we must to include in any port management strategy for an effective implementation of global sustainability. Maritime legislation like MARPOL, Polar Code, Ballast Water Management Convention are only a few from many others, very strong pylons that are sustaining a huge block of the protection of marine environment. We are improving more and more the reduction of air pollution cutting down the dioxide of carbons, sulphurs or other emissions, recycling garbage and protecting seas and oceans from oil spills or ballast water. Last research and statistics are showing how the fishing industry is affected by pollution and in the end all this aspects are having a social negative impact reflected even in health population. Marine pollution represents a continuous challenge for research, innovation and development of all regulations that are coming to support and help the marine environment against pollution and dangerous exploitations of all types of marine natural resources. Other important aspect for global sustainability concept in maritime represent the support for seafarers and all employees from the entire maritime domain. Maritime Labour Convention is coming to support seafarers rights and their well being on board or ashore, giving us their adequate working and resting hours in conformity or other rights which it helps to improve the seafarer's well-being, but this is not sufficient and we must to research and develop more this aspect because this represents an important aspect when we are talking about global sustainability in maritime. If we are taking in consideration all aspects of global sustainability in maritime and how it is reflected by legislation, we cannot leave uncovered the ship recycling aspects and Hong Kong Convention. Adopted in 2009, the Hong Kong Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound
As a result of maritime accidents, states began to take action for some time trying to remove fro... more As a result of maritime accidents, states began to take action for some time trying to remove from its waters and ports to vessels that may be capable of harming human life and the environment through the implementation of Port State Control (PSC.) The Port State Control is the inspection of foreign ships by the port governing states in order to verify the condition of the vessel and its equipment meet the requirements of international conventions and which are managed and operated in accordance with international law force. The primary responsibility of a ship meets all the requirements imposed on their state flag, and if all flag states comply with their duties inspections by state boards of the ports would not be necessary. In Romania, ANR purpose is to reduce the number of substandard ships sailing in waters under through: a) increasing compliance with relevant national and international legislation on maritime safety, environmental protection and working conditions and life on board, regardless of their flag; b) establishing a common criteria for port State control of ships, harmonizing procedures on inspection and detention, taking into account its commitment made by the maritime authorities of Romania and the European Union Member States of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding on PSC.
In a world of continue business development in all the industries and domains we assist in the la... more In a world of continue business development in all the industries and domains we assist in the last years at a disastrous impact of ours actions that put the economic results in front of the protection and respect of the natural environment. The maritime and offshore industry is focused more in how more profit can obtain, that how to invest in the protections against the pollution of the seas and oceans of the World. Millions maritime transports with a variety cargo bulk transported in tanks or containers, millions of TEUs in one day. I am economist and I have a doctorate in nautical engineering – INCOTERMS 2010. I know well from analysis that the scope of one maritime transport is the economical profit, it's true. But what about the ballast water of every maritime transport, what about her disastrous effects on the waters World? When I was children I was a fighter against the pollution of the seas. I wanted to become a researcher in biology marine and I never abandoned the protection of the seas and of the peoples that working on the sea. We all depend for the source of water. We are made from a big percent of water. Water is life. We must to stop a second to analyse the financial profit and to compare with the catastrophically impacts on the maritime environment. The devastating consequences not hesitate to appear: invasive species, marine life is dying and the whole marine ecosystem is seriously affected. The last statistics show us that the rate of bio-invasions is continuing to increase and new areas are being invaded all the time. Let's put the red code of emergency against the pollution of our lives!
The Black Sea region, a large horizon ready to open , ready to explore, ready to show her energy,... more The Black Sea region, a large horizon ready to open , ready to explore, ready to show her energy, her power and opportunities. But how we are preparing for this? It is a high competition between all the „actors” implicated in this field.
The industry was informed to this potential resources by a major study undertaken by Purvin and Gertz in 2011, which predicted the development of a Romanian offshore industry and now exist many recently studies that confirmed the „black resources” of the Black Sea.
We all know about the emergence of shale gas in Europe, in the last years, because is increasing evidence of a more united approach on energy, so the exploration and development of gas reserves in the Black Sea is an optimal alternative to supply gas from the Caspian to south-eastern Europe.
But this good alternative implicates problems generated by costs, transportation and security of the very long pipelines that will pass through several countries till reaching their final destination.
We try in this paper to pay attention on the main objective in the Black Sea Region, in this offshore field, that required the cooperation and sustainability from part of European Union and all its members’ state and countries situated in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea or Caspian Sea.
In this paper I want to paid attention to the main causes of the sea accidents and disasters, whi... more In this paper I want to paid attention to the main causes of the sea accidents and disasters, which call for the implementation of a sea pollution and safety management system (SMS) in the navigation companies, for certification purposes, in compliance with the International Management Code for the safe vessel operation and pollution prevention (ISM).
This article discusses predictions on the ports efficiency in the actual Romanian ports, in the s... more This article discusses predictions on the ports efficiency in the actual Romanian ports, in the short and medium term. We are looking for answering some questions about the level of efficiency in the Romanian ports that could help the port managers to take appropriate measures to improve the ports management.
Journal of Marine Technology and Environment, 2012
Abstract: Given that through a period of global economic crisis is a very important topic on toda... more Abstract: Given that through a period of global economic crisis is a very important topic on today's agenda, this paper analyzes what impact this crisis has on shipping and what measures are needed to maintain why not to develop maritime activities during this period ...
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Papers by CRISTINA MIHAILOVICI
The industry was informed to this potential resources by a major study undertaken by Purvin and Gertz in 2011, which predicted the development of a Romanian offshore industry and now exist many recently studies that confirmed the „black resources” of the Black Sea.
We all know about the emergence of shale gas in Europe, in the last years, because is increasing evidence of a more united approach on energy, so the exploration and development of gas reserves in the Black Sea is an optimal alternative to supply gas from the Caspian to south-eastern Europe.
But this good alternative implicates problems generated by costs, transportation and security of the very long pipelines that will pass through several countries till reaching their final destination.
We try in this paper to pay attention on the main objective in the Black Sea Region, in this offshore field, that required the cooperation and sustainability from part of European Union and all its members’ state and countries situated in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea or Caspian Sea.
The industry was informed to this potential resources by a major study undertaken by Purvin and Gertz in 2011, which predicted the development of a Romanian offshore industry and now exist many recently studies that confirmed the „black resources” of the Black Sea.
We all know about the emergence of shale gas in Europe, in the last years, because is increasing evidence of a more united approach on energy, so the exploration and development of gas reserves in the Black Sea is an optimal alternative to supply gas from the Caspian to south-eastern Europe.
But this good alternative implicates problems generated by costs, transportation and security of the very long pipelines that will pass through several countries till reaching their final destination.
We try in this paper to pay attention on the main objective in the Black Sea Region, in this offshore field, that required the cooperation and sustainability from part of European Union and all its members’ state and countries situated in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea or Caspian Sea.