... Use Grain Quality by Chromatin Introgression from the Wheat Wild Relative Dasypyrum villosum ... more ... Use Grain Quality by Chromatin Introgression from the Wheat Wild Relative Dasypyrum villosum Patrizia Vaccino, Riccardo Banfi, Maria Corbellini, and Ciro De Pace* ... degli Studi della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. ...
In the Latium Region (Italy) the hazelnut orchards cover about 18 000 ha of land and 90 % of the ... more In the Latium Region (Italy) the hazelnut orchards cover about 18 000 ha of land and 90 % of the hazelnut crop production is obtained from the cv 'Tonda Gentile Romana' ('TGR'). This is an extreme case of narrow genetic base for a nut crop in Italy and vulnerability to epidemic biotic stress and abiotic factors will be expected for the hazelnut orchards. Therefore a research aimed to the enlargement of the genetic base of the hazelnut crop in Latium Region was undertaken. The attention was focused on the identification of promising entries that could be proposed for the varietal turnover and/or as new pollinizer of 'TGR' in the hazelnut producing areas of Viterbo province districts of the Latium Region. A field collection composed by 59 entries grown in the major hazelnut producing districts of the world was established at Vico Matrino (Viterbo, Italy) in the framework of a cooperative research between ARSIAL-Viterbo and Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticol...
Agriculture is now facing the 'perfect storm' of climate change, increasing costs of fert... more Agriculture is now facing the 'perfect storm' of climate change, increasing costs of fertilizer and rising food demands from a larger and wealthier human population. These factors point to a global food deficit unless the efficiency and resilience of crop production is increased. The intensification of agriculture has focused on improving production under optimized conditions, with significant agronomic inputs. Furthermore, the intensive cultivation of a limited number of crops has drastically narrowed the number of plant species humans rely on. A new agricultural paradigm is required, reducing dependence on high inputs and increasing crop diversity, yield stability and environmental resilience. Genomics offers unprecedented opportunities to increase crop yield, quality and stability of production through advanced breeding strategies, enhancing the resilience of major crops to climate variability, and increasing the productivity and range of minor crops to diversify the food...
Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities ... more Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities are the initial indication of drastic edible yield loss, which is expected to increase further due to global warming. This situation has compelled plant scientists to develop climate change-resilient crops, which can withstand broad-spectrum stresses Kole et al.
Pm21, powdery mildew, major gene introgression, Dasypyrum villosum, gliadin Powdery mildew is an ... more Pm21, powdery mildew, major gene introgression, Dasypyrum villosum, gliadin Powdery mildew is an important wheat disease that cause grain yield loss in Europe and in other areas where wheat is grown under cool temperate conditions. The use of resistance genes is the most effective way to combat the spread of this disease. One such gene was reported to be located at locus Pm21 on the short arm of chromosome 6V#2 introgressed in T. aestivum from Dasypyrum villosum. Previous attempts to study the genetic basis of the resistance were unsuccessful and prevented the preparation of a genetic map of 6V#2 and the identification of molecular markers closely linked to the Pm21 locus. Only a deletion map for four groups of RFLP markers and one SCAR marker is available for 6V#2. The CSxV63 disomic addition (DA) line of chromosome 6V#4 introgressed into the T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' (CS) chromosome complement from a D. villosum population collected in Latium-Italy, showed immunity to p...
The use of different types of plant germplasm (such as exotics, landraces, and primitive varieti... more The use of different types of plant germplasm (such as exotics, landraces, and primitive varieties) as the basic materials for breeding programs was-and is still aimed at replacing local varieties with improved ones. In Italy such utilization occurred not only for crops whose primary center of origin of diversification had been in the Mediterranean geographical area, but also for those showing secondary diversification. Some examples are illustrated below. They predate by several decades N.I. Vavilov's publication of his conceptual definition of centers of diversification of crop species.
Several plant progenies belonging to different genera of the subtribe Triticinae were tested for ... more Several plant progenies belonging to different genera of the subtribe Triticinae were tested for their response to BYDV infection using both "ELISA" and "Northern Dot Blot Hybridization" (NDBH) techniques. Seedlings, grown in the greenhouse, were infested with viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) aphids carrying the M-PAV isolate of BYDV. The crude sap in extraction buffer of samples was used for both ELISA and NDBH. Both techniques are sensitive to BYDV in the screened genotypes. Sap extraction followed by chloroform clarification tend to improve the sensitivity of ELISA but not of DBH, when the techniques are applied to Avena byzantina K. Koch. Except for A. byzantina the remaining infected progenies, tended not to show evident symptoms of BYD in the greenhouse, particularly those belonging to the genera Aegilops, Daspyrum and Secale.
In Italy, faba bean is the main grain legume crop for dry seed production and the sixth most impo... more In Italy, faba bean is the main grain legume crop for dry seed production and the sixth most important crop after wheat, maize, barley, sugarbeet, and oat. Faba bean is also the third legume crop in importance, used for fresh seed consumption (after common bean and peas), and the fourth most important forage crop sown in annual monocolture herbage (after maize, crimson clover, and oat). Despite this situation, the area sown to this crop decreases 2.4% every year, and it dropped from 558,000 ha in 1953 to 110,800 ha in 1988, and this trend continues. The main production constraints are: (a) the increasing preference of meat proteins to the legume proteins in the human diet; (b) the reduction of the work animal population (i.e. horse) that are fed mainly with faba bean dry seeds; and (c) the limited number of high yielding, biotic (Orobanche. black bean aphid) and abiotic (frost, drought) stress tolerant, genetically stable. cultivars. Basic and applied coordinated research efforts ha...
... Use Grain Quality by Chromatin Introgression from the Wheat Wild Relative Dasypyrum villosum ... more ... Use Grain Quality by Chromatin Introgression from the Wheat Wild Relative Dasypyrum villosum Patrizia Vaccino, Riccardo Banfi, Maria Corbellini, and Ciro De Pace* ... degli Studi della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. ...
In the Latium Region (Italy) the hazelnut orchards cover about 18 000 ha of land and 90 % of the ... more In the Latium Region (Italy) the hazelnut orchards cover about 18 000 ha of land and 90 % of the hazelnut crop production is obtained from the cv 'Tonda Gentile Romana' ('TGR'). This is an extreme case of narrow genetic base for a nut crop in Italy and vulnerability to epidemic biotic stress and abiotic factors will be expected for the hazelnut orchards. Therefore a research aimed to the enlargement of the genetic base of the hazelnut crop in Latium Region was undertaken. The attention was focused on the identification of promising entries that could be proposed for the varietal turnover and/or as new pollinizer of 'TGR' in the hazelnut producing areas of Viterbo province districts of the Latium Region. A field collection composed by 59 entries grown in the major hazelnut producing districts of the world was established at Vico Matrino (Viterbo, Italy) in the framework of a cooperative research between ARSIAL-Viterbo and Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticol...
Agriculture is now facing the 'perfect storm' of climate change, increasing costs of fert... more Agriculture is now facing the 'perfect storm' of climate change, increasing costs of fertilizer and rising food demands from a larger and wealthier human population. These factors point to a global food deficit unless the efficiency and resilience of crop production is increased. The intensification of agriculture has focused on improving production under optimized conditions, with significant agronomic inputs. Furthermore, the intensive cultivation of a limited number of crops has drastically narrowed the number of plant species humans rely on. A new agricultural paradigm is required, reducing dependence on high inputs and increasing crop diversity, yield stability and environmental resilience. Genomics offers unprecedented opportunities to increase crop yield, quality and stability of production through advanced breeding strategies, enhancing the resilience of major crops to climate variability, and increasing the productivity and range of minor crops to diversify the food...
Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities ... more Climate change affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Increased prices of food commodities are the initial indication of drastic edible yield loss, which is expected to increase further due to global warming. This situation has compelled plant scientists to develop climate change-resilient crops, which can withstand broad-spectrum stresses Kole et al.
Pm21, powdery mildew, major gene introgression, Dasypyrum villosum, gliadin Powdery mildew is an ... more Pm21, powdery mildew, major gene introgression, Dasypyrum villosum, gliadin Powdery mildew is an important wheat disease that cause grain yield loss in Europe and in other areas where wheat is grown under cool temperate conditions. The use of resistance genes is the most effective way to combat the spread of this disease. One such gene was reported to be located at locus Pm21 on the short arm of chromosome 6V#2 introgressed in T. aestivum from Dasypyrum villosum. Previous attempts to study the genetic basis of the resistance were unsuccessful and prevented the preparation of a genetic map of 6V#2 and the identification of molecular markers closely linked to the Pm21 locus. Only a deletion map for four groups of RFLP markers and one SCAR marker is available for 6V#2. The CSxV63 disomic addition (DA) line of chromosome 6V#4 introgressed into the T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' (CS) chromosome complement from a D. villosum population collected in Latium-Italy, showed immunity to p...
The use of different types of plant germplasm (such as exotics, landraces, and primitive varieti... more The use of different types of plant germplasm (such as exotics, landraces, and primitive varieties) as the basic materials for breeding programs was-and is still aimed at replacing local varieties with improved ones. In Italy such utilization occurred not only for crops whose primary center of origin of diversification had been in the Mediterranean geographical area, but also for those showing secondary diversification. Some examples are illustrated below. They predate by several decades N.I. Vavilov's publication of his conceptual definition of centers of diversification of crop species.
Several plant progenies belonging to different genera of the subtribe Triticinae were tested for ... more Several plant progenies belonging to different genera of the subtribe Triticinae were tested for their response to BYDV infection using both "ELISA" and "Northern Dot Blot Hybridization" (NDBH) techniques. Seedlings, grown in the greenhouse, were infested with viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) aphids carrying the M-PAV isolate of BYDV. The crude sap in extraction buffer of samples was used for both ELISA and NDBH. Both techniques are sensitive to BYDV in the screened genotypes. Sap extraction followed by chloroform clarification tend to improve the sensitivity of ELISA but not of DBH, when the techniques are applied to Avena byzantina K. Koch. Except for A. byzantina the remaining infected progenies, tended not to show evident symptoms of BYD in the greenhouse, particularly those belonging to the genera Aegilops, Daspyrum and Secale.
In Italy, faba bean is the main grain legume crop for dry seed production and the sixth most impo... more In Italy, faba bean is the main grain legume crop for dry seed production and the sixth most important crop after wheat, maize, barley, sugarbeet, and oat. Faba bean is also the third legume crop in importance, used for fresh seed consumption (after common bean and peas), and the fourth most important forage crop sown in annual monocolture herbage (after maize, crimson clover, and oat). Despite this situation, the area sown to this crop decreases 2.4% every year, and it dropped from 558,000 ha in 1953 to 110,800 ha in 1988, and this trend continues. The main production constraints are: (a) the increasing preference of meat proteins to the legume proteins in the human diet; (b) the reduction of the work animal population (i.e. horse) that are fed mainly with faba bean dry seeds; and (c) the limited number of high yielding, biotic (Orobanche. black bean aphid) and abiotic (frost, drought) stress tolerant, genetically stable. cultivars. Basic and applied coordinated research efforts ha...
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