A modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) is a legal designation in the United States for any tobacc... more A modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) is a legal designation in the United States for any tobacco product that is sold or distributed for use to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease associated with commercially marketed tobacco products such as cigarettes. Clear communication on the risks associated with these products is important to ensure that adult consumers understand these products features, benefits and risk profile. We report an analysis on three studies (1510, 1509, and 1534 participants, respectively), in which adult smokers and non-smokers were exposed to communication materials for a candidate MRTP, the Tobacco Heating System (THS). In the three studies, participants assessed risk perceptions of THS based on different combinations of THS communication materials (brochure or pack) and warnings (THS-tailored (PMI) or US Surgeon General’s warnings), along with benefit claims that were study-specific. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to asses...
A765 their opinion with one respondent explaining, "It makes the whole process quicker and more c... more A765 their opinion with one respondent explaining, "It makes the whole process quicker and more convenient." ConClusions: Access to video chat applications is a limiting factor as indicated by 48% of respondents, but other factors have an impact as well. While 52% of respondents had access, over half expressed hesitation to participate in video chat interviews which must also be considered. Additional research is needed to evaluate other potential factors, including the nature of the interviews (topic), methodologies such as telephone interviews, as well as surveying following video interviewing. PRM192 Cost-EffECtivEnEss AnAlysis of insulin DEgluDEC u100 CoMPARED With insulin glARginE u100 in gREECE
Objectives: The EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® program (Mylan Specialty L.P., Canonsburg, PA) provides epinephri... more Objectives: The EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® program (Mylan Specialty L.P., Canonsburg, PA) provides epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs) to qualifying schools in the United States. A pilot web-based survey of participating schools described anaphylactic events reported during the 2013-2014 school year.1This pilot survey was extended to large school districts (> 50 schools per district) to better understand preparedness for anaphylaxis in such settings. MethOds: This cross-sectional, web-based pilot survey analyzed anaphylactic events in large districts participating in the EpiPen4Schools program. Results: Among 808 responding schools (representing 47 districts), 286 anaphylactic events were reported. Of the 265 anaphylactic events with data on EAI use, 77.4% (n= 205) were treated by EAI. A stock EAI from the EpiPen4Schools program was used to treat 60.0% of individuals (96/160) experiencing an event. Of the 702 schools with information on staff training on anaphylaxis, 47.7% (335/702) provided training for the school nurse and select staff; 20.1% (141/702) and 29.2% (205/702) provided training for most staff and all staff, respectively. Most schools (62.3%, 437/702) permitted the school nurse and select staff to administer EAIs to treat anaphylaxis; 12.8% (90/702) and 18.9% (133/702) permitted most or all staff, respectively, to administer EAIs. cOnclusiOns: Sixty percent of individuals experiencing anaphylaxis were treated with EAIs from the EpiPen4Schools program, emphasizing the value of stocking EAIs. Notably, most schools permitted only the school nurse and select staff to treat anaphylactic reactions. Thus, students may routinely encounter staff members who cannot provide appropriate care during a life-threatening reaction. Because of the increased healthcare costs and risk of poor outcomes associated with delaying treatment of anaphylactic reactions with epinephrine, there is a continued public health need to remove barriers to EAI access and proper training in schools to recognize and manage anaphylaxis.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of and differences between three approaches to... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of and differences between three approaches to measuring extrinsic product attribute influences on consumer acceptance of Australian wines. The approaches included three complimentary tasks: conjoint assessment of wine product concepts (derived from a free sorting task), liking ratings for commercial wine labels and a real-choice study where the same wine bottles were presented to the consumer to choose their preferred wine based on the label. Results from the conjoint assessment indicated that price and wine region were of greatest utility. Findings from the real choice task mirrored the rating of wine labels, indicating that respondents were consistent in their liking and choice behavior across the two tasks. The choice study facilitated the validation of the experimental findings and suggested that label liking is a strong predictor of choice behavior. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The study provides methodological guidelines for studying consumer responses to extrinsic product attributes. The labeling study provides important information for wine marketers and label designers that could be used to optimize the presentation of product information to meet consumers' acceptance.
... Indeed It has been already well established that the ability to name an odor influences the w... more ... Indeed It has been already well established that the ability to name an odor influences the way it is perceived (Distel & Hudson, 2001; Herz & ... Later studies found similar results in cross-cultural studies (Heider, 1972; Kay & Kempton, 1984; Roberson, Davidoff, & Davies, 2000). ...
This study examined the existence of graded structure in fruit and flower odor categories and its... more This study examined the existence of graded structure in fruit and flower odor categories and its stability in different cultures. Groups of students from France, the United States and Vietnam performed a typicality rating task, a similarity judgment task, a membership verification task, a recognition memory task, a familiarity rating task and a free identification task using a set of 40 odorants (20 fruit odorants and 20 flower odorants). Overall, our results demonstrate that fruit and flower odor categories possess graded structure. Moreover, principal component analyses of the data revealed the implication of typicality in a variety of cognitive tasks where typical odors receive a preferential processing compared to atypical ones. Finally, our results suggest that typicality can be predicted to a certain extent by experiential knowledge but that other determinants play a role in odor category structure. All together, this study confirms that graded structure is a universal property of categories and suggests that universals and cultural specifics can both constrain the emergence of odor category structures.
The Geneva Emotion and Odor Scale (GEOS) was developed to measure the subjective affective experi... more The Geneva Emotion and Odor Scale (GEOS) was developed to measure the subjective affective experience (i.e., feeling) elicited by everyday odors. This study aimed to adapt the GEOS to commercial and development needs and had a threefold objective: (i) to verify whether the number of measurement terms in the GEOS questionnaire could be reduced; (ii) to investigate the suitability of this new questionnaire to differentiate the feelings evoked by the odors of different fragranced and flavored products; and (iii) to verify whether the measurement of feelings with this tool could add information to more traditional consumer liking measures. The original and modified questionnaires yielded comparable results for different shampoos. Results of characterizing various product categories with the new questionnaire indicated that it is relevant to differentiate the feelings evoked by odors from fragranced and flavored products, which can be perceptually distinct or similar. In addition, the verbal measurement of feelings provides insight into consumer liking, improving the discrimination of products that have similar liking scores.
A modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) is a legal designation in the United States for any tobacc... more A modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) is a legal designation in the United States for any tobacco product that is sold or distributed for use to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease associated with commercially marketed tobacco products such as cigarettes. Clear communication on the risks associated with these products is important to ensure that adult consumers understand these products features, benefits and risk profile. We report an analysis on three studies (1510, 1509, and 1534 participants, respectively), in which adult smokers and non-smokers were exposed to communication materials for a candidate MRTP, the Tobacco Heating System (THS). In the three studies, participants assessed risk perceptions of THS based on different combinations of THS communication materials (brochure or pack) and warnings (THS-tailored (PMI) or US Surgeon General’s warnings), along with benefit claims that were study-specific. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to asses...
A765 their opinion with one respondent explaining, "It makes the whole process quicker and more c... more A765 their opinion with one respondent explaining, "It makes the whole process quicker and more convenient." ConClusions: Access to video chat applications is a limiting factor as indicated by 48% of respondents, but other factors have an impact as well. While 52% of respondents had access, over half expressed hesitation to participate in video chat interviews which must also be considered. Additional research is needed to evaluate other potential factors, including the nature of the interviews (topic), methodologies such as telephone interviews, as well as surveying following video interviewing. PRM192 Cost-EffECtivEnEss AnAlysis of insulin DEgluDEC u100 CoMPARED With insulin glARginE u100 in gREECE
Objectives: The EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® program (Mylan Specialty L.P., Canonsburg, PA) provides epinephri... more Objectives: The EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® program (Mylan Specialty L.P., Canonsburg, PA) provides epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs) to qualifying schools in the United States. A pilot web-based survey of participating schools described anaphylactic events reported during the 2013-2014 school year.1This pilot survey was extended to large school districts (> 50 schools per district) to better understand preparedness for anaphylaxis in such settings. MethOds: This cross-sectional, web-based pilot survey analyzed anaphylactic events in large districts participating in the EpiPen4Schools program. Results: Among 808 responding schools (representing 47 districts), 286 anaphylactic events were reported. Of the 265 anaphylactic events with data on EAI use, 77.4% (n= 205) were treated by EAI. A stock EAI from the EpiPen4Schools program was used to treat 60.0% of individuals (96/160) experiencing an event. Of the 702 schools with information on staff training on anaphylaxis, 47.7% (335/702) provided training for the school nurse and select staff; 20.1% (141/702) and 29.2% (205/702) provided training for most staff and all staff, respectively. Most schools (62.3%, 437/702) permitted the school nurse and select staff to administer EAIs to treat anaphylaxis; 12.8% (90/702) and 18.9% (133/702) permitted most or all staff, respectively, to administer EAIs. cOnclusiOns: Sixty percent of individuals experiencing anaphylaxis were treated with EAIs from the EpiPen4Schools program, emphasizing the value of stocking EAIs. Notably, most schools permitted only the school nurse and select staff to treat anaphylactic reactions. Thus, students may routinely encounter staff members who cannot provide appropriate care during a life-threatening reaction. Because of the increased healthcare costs and risk of poor outcomes associated with delaying treatment of anaphylactic reactions with epinephrine, there is a continued public health need to remove barriers to EAI access and proper training in schools to recognize and manage anaphylaxis.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of and differences between three approaches to... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value of and differences between three approaches to measuring extrinsic product attribute influences on consumer acceptance of Australian wines. The approaches included three complimentary tasks: conjoint assessment of wine product concepts (derived from a free sorting task), liking ratings for commercial wine labels and a real-choice study where the same wine bottles were presented to the consumer to choose their preferred wine based on the label. Results from the conjoint assessment indicated that price and wine region were of greatest utility. Findings from the real choice task mirrored the rating of wine labels, indicating that respondents were consistent in their liking and choice behavior across the two tasks. The choice study facilitated the validation of the experimental findings and suggested that label liking is a strong predictor of choice behavior. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The study provides methodological guidelines for studying consumer responses to extrinsic product attributes. The labeling study provides important information for wine marketers and label designers that could be used to optimize the presentation of product information to meet consumers' acceptance.
... Indeed It has been already well established that the ability to name an odor influences the w... more ... Indeed It has been already well established that the ability to name an odor influences the way it is perceived (Distel & Hudson, 2001; Herz & ... Later studies found similar results in cross-cultural studies (Heider, 1972; Kay & Kempton, 1984; Roberson, Davidoff, & Davies, 2000). ...
This study examined the existence of graded structure in fruit and flower odor categories and its... more This study examined the existence of graded structure in fruit and flower odor categories and its stability in different cultures. Groups of students from France, the United States and Vietnam performed a typicality rating task, a similarity judgment task, a membership verification task, a recognition memory task, a familiarity rating task and a free identification task using a set of 40 odorants (20 fruit odorants and 20 flower odorants). Overall, our results demonstrate that fruit and flower odor categories possess graded structure. Moreover, principal component analyses of the data revealed the implication of typicality in a variety of cognitive tasks where typical odors receive a preferential processing compared to atypical ones. Finally, our results suggest that typicality can be predicted to a certain extent by experiential knowledge but that other determinants play a role in odor category structure. All together, this study confirms that graded structure is a universal property of categories and suggests that universals and cultural specifics can both constrain the emergence of odor category structures.
The Geneva Emotion and Odor Scale (GEOS) was developed to measure the subjective affective experi... more The Geneva Emotion and Odor Scale (GEOS) was developed to measure the subjective affective experience (i.e., feeling) elicited by everyday odors. This study aimed to adapt the GEOS to commercial and development needs and had a threefold objective: (i) to verify whether the number of measurement terms in the GEOS questionnaire could be reduced; (ii) to investigate the suitability of this new questionnaire to differentiate the feelings evoked by the odors of different fragranced and flavored products; and (iii) to verify whether the measurement of feelings with this tool could add information to more traditional consumer liking measures. The original and modified questionnaires yielded comparable results for different shampoos. Results of characterizing various product categories with the new questionnaire indicated that it is relevant to differentiate the feelings evoked by odors from fragranced and flavored products, which can be perceptually distinct or similar. In addition, the verbal measurement of feelings provides insight into consumer liking, improving the discrimination of products that have similar liking scores.
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